Pratique du Shadowing: What is an Electrical Control Panel? (PLC Panel Basics) - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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Have you ever wondered how an automobile assembly line is controlled?
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In this video, we are going to talk about what controls large or small mechanical processes, like an assembly line.
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That device is called a control panel.
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Before we get started on today's video, if you love our videos, be sure to click the like button below.
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Think of a control panel like the human body.
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Inside our bodies, we have vital organs that control and monitor our surroundings.
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Similarly, a control panel is a metal box which contains important electrical devices that control and monitor a mechanical process electrically.
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Let's get started.
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First, let's talk about the enclosure, the metal box that contains all of the electrical devices of the control panel.
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Enclosures are often aluminum or stainless steel, and the size will vary based on the size of the process.
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A control panel enclosure can have multiple sections.
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Each section will have an access door.
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The size of the enclosure is commonly referred to by the number of doors the enclosure has.
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Each enclosure will have an electrical safety rating designated by UL, the Underwriters Laboratories, who governs electrical safety.
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They will also have an IP rating or NEMA classification which designates the enclosure to be indoor or outdoor,
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waterproof or water -resistant, suitable for hazardous conditions, dust -proof or explosion -proof.
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Now, let's go inside the enclosure and talk about the non -electrical components that make up the control panel.
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First, let's talk about the back panel of the enclosure.
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The back panel is a sheet of metal
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that is mounted on the inside of the enclosure that allows us to drill mounting holes for different devices, which leads us to our next component, DIN Rails.
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A DIN Rail is a metal rail with a standard width used for mounting electrical devices inside.
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The next component inside the control panel is Wiring Duct.
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Ducks allow us to route the wires in an organized and efficient way, while also reducing electrical noise between devices.
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Next, let's get into the electrical components of the control panel.
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The main circuit breaker is where the power comes into the control panel for all of the devices.
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This circuit breaker generally has a disconnect on the outside of the panel that allows us to shut off the power.
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Always remember the top side of the circuit breaker will still have power.
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The power that comes into the panel can be anywhere from 480 volts to as low as 120 volts.
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After the power comes into the panel from the main circuit breaker, the power will be run into a surge arrestor.
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A surge arrestor is a device that protects all of the electrical equipment inside the control panel from electrical surges or overvoltage.
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An electrical surge can come from a lightning strike or utility power surge.
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The power can be connected into a transformer that switches the power down in order to power smaller devices.
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If the incoming power is above 120 volts, a transformer is generally used.
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If the power is 120 volts, a power supply can be used to step the power down to 24 volts.
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Now that the control panel has incoming power from the main circuit breaker and power distributed by a transformer or power supply,
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the different voltages can be wired into terminal blocks for even more routing of power throughout the control panel.
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A terminal block consists of two terminals that can join two or more wires together.
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Terminal blocks can be arranged with several other blocks in a
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strip mounted on a DIN rail to run power from one source to several devices throughout the panel.
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The final part of the control panel are the devices that control and monitor the mechanical process.
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Let's talk about the PLC or Programmable Logic Controller.
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The PLC is like the brain of the entire process.
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The PLC will have a CPU where the logic program is stored.
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It will have associated inputs and outputs which will help control and monitor the assembly line.
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Speaking of our terminal blocks, we will have wires running from them to our inputs and outputs.
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This allows for the actual control of the assembly line.
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Field devices, such as proximity switches, photo eyes, and other sensors,
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are set up on the assembly line to give the feedback needed for the PLC to control the operation of the line.
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The PLC outputs will be wired to a bank of relays
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that will close an internal contact that will send power out to turn on or off a device on the assembly line.
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Smaller relays will control devices such as lights or fans, while a bigger relay, called a contactor, is used to control motors.
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We will also have a network switch located somewhere near the PLC.
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This will be powered with 24 volts, and it will be the hub for our communication to and from the PLC to network compatible devices on the assembly line.
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One of those devices is our Human -Machine Interface or HMI.
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An HMI can be mounted locally onto a panel door or in a remote panel located closer to the machinery.
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The HMI can be a very dynamic tool in assisting the operator in controlling and monitoring the machinery.
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The PLC will pass signals over the network to the HMI for monitoring, and the HMI can send signals to the PLC for controlling the machinery.
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Today, we talked about the components of a control panel.
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Each control panel will have the main power source coming in
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that is distributed throughout the panel to varying devices for control and monitoring.
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Control panels will come in different sizes, but they all have similar devices that we talked about today.
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Want to learn PLC programming in an easy -to -understand format and take your career to the next level?
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Head on over to realpars .com
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « What is an Electrical Control Panel? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : panel, device, electrical, Plc, enclosure. Cette vidéo contient 57 phrases et 999 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 7:25. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 135 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 76 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| enclosure nom | /ɛnˈkloʊʒəɹ/ | pièce jointe |
| monitor nom | /ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/ | moniteur, monitrice |
| wire nom | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | fil |
| mount verbe | /maʊnt/ | monter, grimper |
| component nom | /kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/ | composant |
| terminal nom | /ˈtɚmɪnəl/ | terminal, aérogare |
| surge nom | /sɝd͡ʒ/ | montée, poussée |
| breaker nom | /ˈbɹeɪkɚ/ | casseur |
| rail nom | /ɹeɪ(ə)l/ | rail |
| output nom | /ˈaʊtpʊt/ | sortie |
| mechanical adjectif | /məˈkænəkəl/ | mécanique |
| machinery nom | /məˈʃiːnəɹi/ | machines, parc de machines |
| vary verbe | /ˈvɛəɹi/ | varier |
| rat nom | /ɹæt/ | rat, souris |
| locate verbe | /ˈloʊˌkeɪt/ | localiser |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| make up verbe | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | constituer, composer |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: enclosure /ɛnˈkloʊʒəɹ/, machinery /məˈʃiːnəɹi/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, sheet /ʃit/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, mechanical /məˈkænəkəl/, machinery /məˈʃiːnəɹi/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, operator /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: surge /sɝd͡ʒ/, voltage /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/, arrange /əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, enclosure /ɛnˈkloʊʒəɹ/, breaker /ˈbɹeɪkɚ/, rail /ɹeɪ(ə)l/, machinery /məˈʃiːnəɹi/
- /ŋ/ final — sans prononcer de /g/ après: incoming /ˈɪnˌkʌmɪŋ/, lightning /ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme enclosure, monitor, wire.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.