Pratica di Shadowing: What is a Control Valve? - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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The control valve receives a signal from a controller, such as a PLC or a DCS, in order to operate.
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The controller compares the actual flow rate to the desired flow value, called the setpoint.
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The controller will produce an output to move the valve to bring the flow rate to the setpoint value.
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A control valve is a power operated device used to regulate or manipulate the flow of fluids,
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such as gas, oil, water, and steam.
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It is a critical part of a control loop and is an example of a final control element.
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The control valve is by far the most common final control element used in industry today.
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A control valve can be operated electrically, pneumatically, or hydraulically.
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A control valve receives a signal from a controller, such as a PLC, in order for it to move, resulting in a change in flow.
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Because the PLC signal is electrical, the control valve may require a device to convert that electrical signal so that it can operate.
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A control valve has two separate components, the valve and the actuator.
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Valve bodies are of different types or styles depending on service conditions, piping layout, and desired application.
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The two classes of control valves are linear motion and rotary motion.
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On a linear motion valve, the stem and valve movement is up and down.
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A common type of sliding control valve is the gate valve.
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A rotary motion valve in almost all cases rotates 90 degrees from open to the closed position.
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A commonly used rotary valve is the butterfly valve.
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The actuator is the device connected to the valve through the valve stem that provides the force required to move the valve.
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As we said earlier, the actuator can be controlled electrically, pneumatically, or hydraulically.
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The most common and the most reliable is the pneumatic actuator.
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The control valve receives a signal from a controller, such as a PLC or a DCS, in order to operate.
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The controller compares the actual flow rate to the desired flow value, called the set point.
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The controller will produce an output to move the valve to bring the flow rate to the setpoint value.
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Because of how pneumatic actuators are built, a control valve will fail to a specific position when a loss of the control signal occurs.
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As the supply air pressure is increased, the rubber diaphragm pushes against the spring and moves the valve stem down into the valve body.
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As the supply air pressure is reduced, the spring will move the valve stem out of the body.
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The position to which the control valve is moved if a loss of signal occurs is referred to as the fail-safe mode.
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The type of fail-safe mode depends on the application for which the control valve is used.
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The actuator causes the valve to close in a fail-closed control valve.
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The actuator causes the valve to open in a fail-open control valve.
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In normal operation, the force of the spring must be overcome by the electrical or pneumatic actuator.
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In the event of a power failure to the actuator, the electrical or pneumatic force is no longer present, and the spring pressure forces the valve to open.
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You might wonder how much the valve opens or closes when the flow rate changes.
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Well, that depends on a number of things, such as the percentage of flow rate change, and the diameter of the pipe.
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Regardless, the controller must be tuned so that it produces the correct response to any change in flow rate.
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This is most commonly achieved by using PID control within the PLC or controller.
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We have already created several easy to follow videos on what a PID controller is.
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If you want to learn more about this topic, just head on over to realpars.com slash blog.
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Type in PID in the search bar and all the relevant articles and videos will pop up.
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We will also put a link in the description if you are watching this on YouTube or any other social media platform.
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In this video, we have learned
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that a control valve can vary the flow of a liquid or gas used in a process.
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We also learned that a control valve can be one of two main types,
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linear or rotary, and that we can use a fail-safe type of valve in critical areas.
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Finally, we introduced you to how control valves are controlled by the use of PID instructions in the PLC or DCS system.
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Want to learn PLC programming in an easy to understand format and take your career to the next level?
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Head on over to realpars.com Hey!
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione di livello C1 si basa sul video “What is a Control Valve?”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: valve, flow, controller, actuator, Plc. Questo video contiene 47 frasi e 783 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 6:00. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 130 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Solo il 75% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
Le 9 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| pneumatic aggettivo | /n(j)uːˈmæ.tɪk/ | pneumatico |
| electrically avverbio | /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɪk.li/ | elettricamente |
| hydraulically avverbio | idraulicamente | |
| diaphragm sostantivo | /ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/ | diaframma |
| rotate verbo | /ˈɹoʊ.teɪt/ | ruotare |
| manipulate verbo | /məˈnɪp.jʊ.leɪt/ | manipolare |
| regulate verbo | /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/ | regolare, registrare |
| butterfly sostantivo | /ˈbʌ.tə(ɹ).flaɪ/ | farfalla |
| diameter sostantivo | /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/ | diametro |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| pop up verbo | spuntare, saltare fuori |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | can be operated · can be controlled · are built |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | have already created · have learned |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: actuator /ˈæk.tjuː.eɪ.tə(ɹ)/, electrically /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɪk.li/, manipulate /məˈnɪp.jʊ.leɪt/, diameter /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: pneumatic /n(j)uːˈmæ.tɪk/, setpoint /ˈsɛtpɔɪnt/, rotate /ˈɹoʊ.teɪt/, manipulate /məˈnɪp.jʊ.leɪt/, regulate /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: actuator /ˈæk.tjuː.eɪ.tə(ɹ)/, pneumatic /n(j)uːˈmæ.tɪk/, diaphragm /ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/, diameter /daɪˈæmɪdɚ/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come pneumatic, electrically, hydraulically.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.