Pratica di Shadowing: Sinking and Sourcing PLC Inputs Explained | What is the Difference? - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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In this video, we're going to talk about syncing and sourcing PLC digital input modules and how they're connected to field devices.
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We will be using a Siemens digital input module with this part number.
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If you want to order this module online, you can head on over to the RealPars Marketplace or simply click on this link here.
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The two types of PLC input modules are digital and analog.
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A digital input module accepts inputs from digital devices such as switches and proximity sensors.
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The input module will detect one of the two possible conditions of an input device, open or closed.
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For example, a push -button switch is a digital device and can either be open or closed.
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We will examine how the input module detects the input device condition later in this video.
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The focus of our video is on digital input modules.
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Okay, let's go.
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As we said earlier, a digital input module will detect one of the two possible conditions of an input device, open or closed.
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So, the question is, how does the input module know if the input device is open or closed?
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All we need to do is construct a closed circuit containing the input device,
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the PLC input module, and a 24 volt DC power supply.
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If the switch is open, there is 0 volts at the module input terminal.
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If the switch is closed, there is a positive 24 volts at the module input terminal.
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The input module will detect either a no voltage or voltage condition at the input.
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These voltage conditions represent the open or closed conditions of the switch.
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These voltage or non -voltage conditions are represented by ones and zeros in the PLC memory.
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Every input device is connected the same way.
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If you have a 64 input module, it's possible to have 64 separate circuits.
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We'll show you more examples later.
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Alright, now that we know how the digital input module determines the input device condition,
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let's talk about the current flow between the power supply and the input module.
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There is a current flow, but it is very small and usually under 10 milliamps.
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Notice in our example that the current is flowing into the PLC module.
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Depending on the type of PLC input module and how it's connected with the input device, the current could flow in or out of the module.
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That's where the terms sinking and sourcing come into the picture.
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Let's spend some time clearing up any misconceptions you might have about these terms.
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When we talk about sinking and sourcing, it's all about defining the direction of conventional current flow between two devices.
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Think of it this way, current is flowing between device number 1 and device number 2.
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Ask yourself, which direction is the current flowing?
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The current is flowing from device number 1 to device number 2.
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Therefore, we say device number 1 is sourcing the current, and device number 2 is sinking the current.
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Okay, what if the current is flowing from device number two to device number one?
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In this case, we say device number two is sourcing the current, and device number one is sinking the current.
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In every situation where you have a current flow between two devices, one of the devices will be sourcing and the other will be sinking.
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PLC vendors manufacture both sinking and sourcing digital input modules.
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Let's explore what they are and how they differ.
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Remember what we discussed earlier, it's all about the direction of conventional current flow.
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Let's have a look at two devices with current flowing between them.
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One device is a PLC input module, and the second device is a push -button switch.
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Based on the connection polarity, the syncing module will have the current flowing into it from the switch.
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Ok, let's do that again, but this time our PLC input module will be a sourcing module.
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Based on the connection polarity, the sourcing module will have the current flowing out of it.
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Current can flow in either direction through a push -button switch because it is a passive device and not polarity -dependent.
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There are many active digital input devices used in industry today that are polarity -dependent.
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They must be wired correctly or they will not work at all.
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These active devices will be labeled as either syncing or sourcing.
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You can learn more about active sensors in our other videos.
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We'll direct you there at the end of this video.
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If you recall, earlier we said that when there are two devices with current flowing between them, one device will be sourcing and one will be syncing.
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If the input device is a sourcing type, the PLC input module must be a syncing type.
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If the input device is a syncing type, the PLC input module must be a sourcing type.
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Adding confusion to already murky concepts,
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some vendors refer to syncing and sourcing input devices as NPN and PNP.
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You can learn more about NPN and PNP in our other videos.
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We'll direct you there at the end of this video.
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Here's something to remember.
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An NPN device is a syncing device.
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A PNP device is a sourcing device.
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The Siemens Digital Input Module 6ES7521 -1BH50 -0AA0 is a sourcing type.
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If you want to order this PLC module to use in your project, you can find the link in the video description.
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Let's connect a push -button switch and a syncing proximity sensor to two of the inputs.
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The current is flowing out of the PLC module because it is a sourcing type.
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Let's have a look at a syncing module.
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The Phoenix Contact Digital Input Module AXLSEDI16 -1 is a syncing type.
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You can find the link to order this PLC module in the video description as well.
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Let's connect a push -button switch and a sourcing proximity sensor to two of the inputs.
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The current is flowing into the PLC module because it is a syncing type.
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If you want to learn more, you might want to review two of our other videos called
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How to Wire Discrete DC Sensors to PLC Part 2 and What is a Transistor Working Principles.
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You can find the links to these videos in the description.
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Ok, let's review what we've covered in this video.
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A digital input module will detect one of the two possible conditions of an input device, open or closed.
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Digital input modules detect either a no voltage or voltage condition at the input.
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A sinking input module will have the current flowing into it.
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A sourcing input module will have the current flowing out of it.
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PLC vendors offer both syncing and sourcing digital input modules.
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An NPN device is a syncing device.
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A PNP device is a sourcing device.
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Want to learn PLC programming in an easy -to -understand format
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and take your career to the next level? head on over to realpars .com
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “Sinking and Sourcing PLC Inputs Explained”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: input, device, module, current, sourcing. Questo video contiene 83 frasi e 1146 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 8:30. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 135 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Solo il 74% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| input sostantivo | /ˈɪnpʊt/ | immissione |
| sink verbo | /ˈsɪŋk/ | affondare, sprofondare |
| voltage sostantivo | /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/ | voltaggio, tensione |
| detect verbo | /dɪˈtɛkt/ | individuare, rilevare |
| connect verbo | /kəˈnɛkt/ | connettere, connettersi |
| sensor sostantivo | /ˈsɛn.sɚ/ | sensore |
| proximity sostantivo | /pɹɒkˈsɪm.ɪ.ti/ | prossimità, vicinanza |
| vendor sostantivo | /ˈvɛn.dɚ/ | venditore, venditrice |
| terminal sostantivo | /ˈtɚmɪnəl/ | terminal, terminale |
| dependent aggettivo | /dɪˈpɛndənt/ | dipendente |
| conventional aggettivo | /kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/ | convenzionale |
| format sostantivo | /ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/ | formato |
| refer verbo | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | riferire |
| label sostantivo | /ˈleɪ.bəl/ | etichetta |
| wire sostantivo | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | filo, filo metallico |
Frasi da ripetere
Frasi brevi e complete del video che puoi riutilizzare nella conversazione di tutti i giorni:
- We'll show you more examples later.
- Let's explore what they are and how they differ.
- Let's have a look at a syncing module.
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 6 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come we'll, they're, we're. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/, misconception /ˌmɪs.kənˈsɛp.ʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: proximity /pɹɒkˈsɪm.ɪ.ti/, polarity /pəˈlæɹɪti/, misconception /ˌmɪs.kənˈsɛp.ʃən/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: input /ˈɪnpʊt/, sync /sɪŋk/, sink /ˈsɪŋk/, voltage /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/, detect /dɪˈtɛkt/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: format /ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/, examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/, passive /ˈpæs.ɪv/, analog /ˈænəlɔɡ/, polarity /pəˈlæɹɪti/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come input, sink, voltage.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.