シャドーイング練習: Sinking and Sourcing PLC Inputs Explained | What is the Difference? - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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In this video, we're going to talk about syncing and sourcing PLC digital input modules and how they're connected to field devices.
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We will be using a Siemens digital input module with this part number.
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If you want to order this module online, you can head on over to the RealPars Marketplace or simply click on this link here.
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The two types of PLC input modules are digital and analog.
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A digital input module accepts inputs from digital devices such as switches and proximity sensors.
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The input module will detect one of the two possible conditions of an input device, open or closed.
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For example, a push -button switch is a digital device and can either be open or closed.
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We will examine how the input module detects the input device condition later in this video.
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The focus of our video is on digital input modules.
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Okay, let's go.
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As we said earlier, a digital input module will detect one of the two possible conditions of an input device, open or closed.
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So, the question is, how does the input module know if the input device is open or closed?
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All we need to do is construct a closed circuit containing the input device,
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the PLC input module, and a 24 volt DC power supply.
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If the switch is open, there is 0 volts at the module input terminal.
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If the switch is closed, there is a positive 24 volts at the module input terminal.
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The input module will detect either a no voltage or voltage condition at the input.
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These voltage conditions represent the open or closed conditions of the switch.
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These voltage or non -voltage conditions are represented by ones and zeros in the PLC memory.
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Every input device is connected the same way.
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If you have a 64 input module, it's possible to have 64 separate circuits.
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We'll show you more examples later.
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Alright, now that we know how the digital input module determines the input device condition,
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let's talk about the current flow between the power supply and the input module.
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There is a current flow, but it is very small and usually under 10 milliamps.
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Notice in our example that the current is flowing into the PLC module.
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Depending on the type of PLC input module and how it's connected with the input device, the current could flow in or out of the module.
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That's where the terms sinking and sourcing come into the picture.
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Let's spend some time clearing up any misconceptions you might have about these terms.
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When we talk about sinking and sourcing, it's all about defining the direction of conventional current flow between two devices.
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Think of it this way, current is flowing between device number 1 and device number 2.
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Ask yourself, which direction is the current flowing?
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The current is flowing from device number 1 to device number 2.
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Therefore, we say device number 1 is sourcing the current, and device number 2 is sinking the current.
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Okay, what if the current is flowing from device number two to device number one?
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In this case, we say device number two is sourcing the current, and device number one is sinking the current.
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In every situation where you have a current flow between two devices, one of the devices will be sourcing and the other will be sinking.
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PLC vendors manufacture both sinking and sourcing digital input modules.
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Let's explore what they are and how they differ.
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Remember what we discussed earlier, it's all about the direction of conventional current flow.
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Let's have a look at two devices with current flowing between them.
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One device is a PLC input module, and the second device is a push -button switch.
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Based on the connection polarity, the syncing module will have the current flowing into it from the switch.
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Ok, let's do that again, but this time our PLC input module will be a sourcing module.
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Based on the connection polarity, the sourcing module will have the current flowing out of it.
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Current can flow in either direction through a push -button switch because it is a passive device and not polarity -dependent.
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There are many active digital input devices used in industry today that are polarity -dependent.
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They must be wired correctly or they will not work at all.
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These active devices will be labeled as either syncing or sourcing.
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You can learn more about active sensors in our other videos.
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We'll direct you there at the end of this video.
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If you recall, earlier we said that when there are two devices with current flowing between them, one device will be sourcing and one will be syncing.
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If the input device is a sourcing type, the PLC input module must be a syncing type.
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If the input device is a syncing type, the PLC input module must be a sourcing type.
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Adding confusion to already murky concepts,
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some vendors refer to syncing and sourcing input devices as NPN and PNP.
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You can learn more about NPN and PNP in our other videos.
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We'll direct you there at the end of this video.
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Here's something to remember.
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An NPN device is a syncing device.
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A PNP device is a sourcing device.
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The Siemens Digital Input Module 6ES7521 -1BH50 -0AA0 is a sourcing type.
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If you want to order this PLC module to use in your project, you can find the link in the video description.
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Let's connect a push -button switch and a syncing proximity sensor to two of the inputs.
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The current is flowing out of the PLC module because it is a sourcing type.
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Let's have a look at a syncing module.
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The Phoenix Contact Digital Input Module AXLSEDI16 -1 is a syncing type.
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You can find the link to order this PLC module in the video description as well.
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Let's connect a push -button switch and a sourcing proximity sensor to two of the inputs.
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The current is flowing into the PLC module because it is a syncing type.
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If you want to learn more, you might want to review two of our other videos called
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How to Wire Discrete DC Sensors to PLC Part 2 and What is a Transistor Working Principles.
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You can find the links to these videos in the description.
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Ok, let's review what we've covered in this video.
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A digital input module will detect one of the two possible conditions of an input device, open or closed.
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Digital input modules detect either a no voltage or voltage condition at the input.
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A sinking input module will have the current flowing into it.
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A sourcing input module will have the current flowing out of it.
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PLC vendors offer both syncing and sourcing digital input modules.
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An NPN device is a syncing device.
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A PNP device is a sourcing device.
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Want to learn PLC programming in an easy -to -understand format
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and take your career to the next level? head on over to realpars .com
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Sinking and Sourcing PLC Inputs Explained」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：input, device, module, current, sourcing。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が83文、単語が1146語あります。 音声の長さは8:30です。 話す速さは1分あたり約135語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は74%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| module 名詞 | /ˈmɑd͡ʒul/ | モジュール |
| sink 動詞 | /ˈsɪŋk/ | 沈む |
| voltage 名詞 | /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/ | 電圧 |
| detect 動詞 | /dɪˈtɛkt/ | 検出する, 見付ける |
| connect 動詞 | /kəˈnɛkt/ | 繋げる |
| sensor 名詞 | /ˈsɛn.sɚ/ | センサー, センサ |
| vendor 名詞 | /ˈvɛn.dɚ/ | 売り手, 販売者 |
| terminal 名詞 | /ˈtɚmɪnəl/ | ターミナル, エアターミナル |
| dependent 形容詞 | /dɪˈpɛndənt/ | 次第, 依存する |
| format 名詞 | /ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/ | 書式, フォーマット |
| refer 動詞 | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | 問い合わせる |
| label 名詞 | /ˈleɪ.bəl/ | 荷札, 貼り札 |
| wire 名詞 | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | 針金, 線 |
| recall 動詞 | /ɹɪˈkɔl/ | 呼び返す |
| explore 動詞 | /ɪkˈsploɹ/ | 探検する |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- We'll show you more examples later.
- Let's explore what they are and how they differ.
- Let's have a look at a syncing module.
注意したい発音
話し手はwe'll, they're, we'reなど、短縮形や弱形を6回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/, misconception /ˌmɪs.kənˈsɛp.ʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: proximity /pɹɒkˈsɪm.ɪ.ti/, polarity /pəˈlæɹɪti/, misconception /ˌmɪs.kənˈsɛp.ʃən/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: recall /ɹɪˈkɔl/, explore /ɪkˈsploɹ/, correctly /kəˈɹɛk(t).li/, polarity /pəˈlæɹɪti/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: voltage /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/, vendor /ˈvɛn.dɚ/, conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/, passive /ˈpæs.ɪv/, volt /vəʊlt/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: format /ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/, refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/, define /dɪˈfaɪn/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/, differ /ˈdɪfɚ/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。module, sink, voltageなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。