シャドーイング練習: What is SCADA? - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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The SCADA acronym stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition.
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When considering this term, you can conjure varying images, and you should.
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A SCADA system is a collection of both software and hardware components that allows supervision and control of plants, both locally and remotely.
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The SCADA also examines, collects, and processes data in real time.
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Human-Machine Interface or HMI software facilitates interaction with field devices such as pumps,
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valves, motors, sensors, etc. Also within the SCADA software is the ability to log data for historical purposes.
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The structural design of a standard SCADA system starts with Remote Terminal Units or RTUs and or Programmable Logic Controllers or PLCs.
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As you know, RTUs and PLCs are microprocessors that communicate and interact with field devices such as valves,
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pumps, and HMIs.
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That communication data is routed from the processors to the SCADA computers, where the software interprets and displays the data,
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allowing for operators to analyze and react to system events.
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Before SCADA, plant personnel had to monitor and control industrial processes via selector switches,
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push buttons, and dials for analog signals.
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This meant that plants had to maintain personnel on-site during production in order to control the processes.
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As manufacturing grew and sites became more remote in nature, relays and timers were used to assist in the supervision and control of processes.
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With these devices employed, fewer plant personnel were required to be on site in order to oversee and control operations.
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While relays and timers did provide some level of automation, the panels required for these devices took up valuable real estate.
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Troubleshooting was a nightmare, and reconfiguring was difficult at best.
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These issues, in conjunction with the need to grow even larger industrial plants, helped to facilitate the birth of automation.
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As you may know from previous videos, controlling industrial plants via processors became a reality in the 1950s.
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Gas and oil, utilities, and manufacturing were major users of these new technologies and supervisory control.
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About a decade later, telemetry came on the scene to offer even more remote capabilities with automated communication
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and data transmission to remote monitoring locations.
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Another decade later, the term SCADA was used to describe systems with PLCs
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and microprocessors that were being used for the monitoring and control of automated processes on an even greater scale than ever before.
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SCADA, back then, was anything but practical.
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They were colossal machines, mainframes really, and since networking was not yet in the picture, they were standalone units.
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In the next couple of decades, the 80s and 90s, with computer systems getting smaller,
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the advent of local area networking or LAN and HMI software, SCADA systems were able to connect to related systems.
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Unfortunately though, the communications were typically proprietary, which meant that connections outside of the particular vendor of the SCADA system were not allowed.
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This early SCADA was coined distributed SCADA systems.
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Later in the 90s and 2000s, SCADA began to implement open system architectures with communication protocols that were not vendor specific.
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As you can imagine, this opened up SCADA's ability to connect with varying vendors.
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This newer, more improved SCADA was then called a networked SCADA system.
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Newer and improved SCADA unfortunately didn't last long.
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With computer technology growing rapidly, IT development quickly gathered steam.
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The default database for IT became Structure Query Language or SQL databases.
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SCADA developers didn't implement these standard databases, so SCADA became out of date rather quickly when other technologies so rapidly changed.
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Current-day SCADA systems have adapted to the changing technologies and have a great advantage over the older SCADA systems.
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With the adoption of modern IT standards such as SQL and web-based applications,
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today's SCADA allows for real-time plant information to be accessed from anywhere around the world.
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Having this data at the operator's fingertips facilitates improved plant operations,
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allowing for responses to SCADA system queues based on field collected data and system analysis.
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These operator interactions can be from a computer right on the
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plant floor to an office building in some other region in the world.
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Advancing technologies have indeed made the world seem like a very small place, relatively speaking.
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And because the current SCADA system software has typically adopted the SQL database model,
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historical collection of data may be logged and used in trending applications to further improve plant processes,
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as well as creating mandated record keeping for some of the industries out there.
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Essentially, SCADA is a collection of hardware
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and software This collection of components begins with real-time data collected from plant floor devices such as pumps, valves, and transmitters.
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These components don't have to be from a particular vendor, they just need to have a communication protocol that the processor can utilize.
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Data collected from the field devices is then passed to the processors such as PLCs.
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From the processor, the data is distributed to a system of network devices.
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These devices may be HMIs, end-user computers, and servers.
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On the HMI and end-user computer, graphical representations of the operations exist for operator interactions,
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such as running pumps and opening valves.
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This data may also be analyzed and used to enhance plant production and troubleshoot problems problems.
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Want to learn PLC programming in an easy to understand format and take your career to the next level?
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Head on over to realpars.com
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が64文、単語が938語あります。 音声の長さは7:39です。 話す速さは1分あたり約123語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は75%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくるやや難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
- remote /ɹəˈməʊt̞/ (形容詞) — 遠い, 遠隔な. At a distance; disconnected.
- collect /ˈkɑlɪkt/ (動詞) — 集める, 収集する. To gather together; amass.
- database /ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/ (名詞) — データベース. A collection of (usually) organized information in a regular structure, usually but not necessarily in a machine-readable format accessible by a computer.
- pump /pʌmp/ (名詞) — ポンプ, 喞筒. A device for moving or compressing a liquid or gas.
- valve /ˈvælv/ (名詞) — バルブ. A device that controls the flow of a gas or fluid through a space, such as a pipe, manifold, or plenum.
- vendor /ˈvɛn.dɚ/ (名詞) — 売り手, 販売者. A person or a company that vends or sells.
- monitor /ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/ (名詞) — モニター. Someone who watches over something; a person in charge of something or someone.
- component /kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/ (名詞) — 部分. A smaller, self-contained part of a larger entity. Often refers to a manufactured object that is part of a larger device.
- operator /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/ (名詞) — 交換手. A person or organisation that operates a device, system, service, etc.
- interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/ (名詞) — 相互作用. The situation or occurrence in which two or more things act upon one another to produce an effect; the effect resulting from such a situation or occurrence.
- connect /kəˈnɛkt/ (動詞) — 繋げる. To join (to another object): to attach, or to be intended to attach or capable of attaching, to another object.
- hardware /ˈhɑɹdˌwɛɹ/ (名詞) — ハードウェア, ハード. Fixtures, equipment, fasteners, tools, and devices used for general-purpose construction and repair of a structure or object. Also such equipment as sold as…
- implement /ˈɪmpləmənt/ (動詞) — 実行する, 実現する. To bring about; to put into practice; to carry out.
- protocol /ˈpɹoʊtəˌkɑl/ (名詞) — 議定書. An amendment to an official treaty.
- supervision /ˌs(j)uːpəˈvɪʒən/ (名詞) — 監督. The act or instance of supervising.
動画に出てくる句動詞
- come on /ˌkʌm ˈɒn/ — 頑張って. Come along with me; join me in going.
注意したい発音
話し手はdidn't, don'tなど、短縮形や弱形を3回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, supervision /ˌs(j)uːpəˈvɪʒən/, automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: operator /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/, supervision /ˌs(j)uːpəˈvɪʒən/, automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。remote, collect, databaseなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。