ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: What is SCADA?
กำลังสร้างบทเรียน...
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The SCADA acronym stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition.
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When considering this term, you can conjure varying images, and you should.
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A SCADA system is a collection of both software and hardware components that allows supervision and control of plants, both locally and remotely.
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The SCADA also examines, collects, and processes data in real time.
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Human-Machine Interface or HMI software facilitates interaction with field devices such as pumps,
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valves, motors, sensors, etc. Also within the SCADA software is the ability to log data for historical purposes.
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The structural design of a standard SCADA system starts with Remote Terminal Units or RTUs and or Programmable Logic Controllers or PLCs.
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As you know, RTUs and PLCs are microprocessors that communicate and interact with field devices such as valves,
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pumps, and HMIs.
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That communication data is routed from the processors to the SCADA computers, where the software interprets and displays the data,
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allowing for operators to analyze and react to system events.
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Before SCADA, plant personnel had to monitor and control industrial processes via selector switches,
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push buttons, and dials for analog signals.
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This meant that plants had to maintain personnel on-site during production in order to control the processes.
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As manufacturing grew and sites became more remote in nature, relays and timers were used to assist in the supervision and control of processes.
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With these devices employed, fewer plant personnel were required to be on site in order to oversee and control operations.
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While relays and timers did provide some level of automation, the panels required for these devices took up valuable real estate.
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Troubleshooting was a nightmare, and reconfiguring was difficult at best.
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These issues, in conjunction with the need to grow even larger industrial plants, helped to facilitate the birth of automation.
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As you may know from previous videos, controlling industrial plants via processors became a reality in the 1950s.
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Gas and oil, utilities, and manufacturing were major users of these new technologies and supervisory control.
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About a decade later, telemetry came on the scene to offer even more remote capabilities with automated communication
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and data transmission to remote monitoring locations.
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Another decade later, the term SCADA was used to describe systems with PLCs
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and microprocessors that were being used for the monitoring and control of automated processes on an even greater scale than ever before.
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SCADA, back then, was anything but practical.
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They were colossal machines, mainframes really, and since networking was not yet in the picture, they were standalone units.
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In the next couple of decades, the 80s and 90s, with computer systems getting smaller,
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the advent of local area networking or LAN and HMI software, SCADA systems were able to connect to related systems.
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Unfortunately though, the communications were typically proprietary, which meant that connections outside of the particular vendor of the SCADA system were not allowed.
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This early SCADA was coined distributed SCADA systems.
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Later in the 90s and 2000s, SCADA began to implement open system architectures with communication protocols that were not vendor specific.
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As you can imagine, this opened up SCADA's ability to connect with varying vendors.
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This newer, more improved SCADA was then called a networked SCADA system.
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Newer and improved SCADA unfortunately didn't last long.
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With computer technology growing rapidly, IT development quickly gathered steam.
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The default database for IT became Structure Query Language or SQL databases.
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SCADA developers didn't implement these standard databases, so SCADA became out of date rather quickly when other technologies so rapidly changed.
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Current-day SCADA systems have adapted to the changing technologies and have a great advantage over the older SCADA systems.
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With the adoption of modern IT standards such as SQL and web-based applications,
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today's SCADA allows for real-time plant information to be accessed from anywhere around the world.
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Having this data at the operator's fingertips facilitates improved plant operations,
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allowing for responses to SCADA system queues based on field collected data and system analysis.
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These operator interactions can be from a computer right on the
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plant floor to an office building in some other region in the world.
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Advancing technologies have indeed made the world seem like a very small place, relatively speaking.
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And because the current SCADA system software has typically adopted the SQL database model,
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historical collection of data may be logged and used in trending applications to further improve plant processes,
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as well as creating mandated record keeping for some of the industries out there.
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Essentially, SCADA is a collection of hardware
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and software This collection of components begins with real-time data collected from plant floor devices such as pumps, valves, and transmitters.
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These components don't have to be from a particular vendor, they just need to have a communication protocol that the processor can utilize.
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Data collected from the field devices is then passed to the processors such as PLCs.
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From the processor, the data is distributed to a system of network devices.
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These devices may be HMIs, end-user computers, and servers.
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On the HMI and end-user computer, graphical representations of the operations exist for operator interactions,
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such as running pumps and opening valves.
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This data may also be analyzed and used to enhance plant production and troubleshoot problems problems.
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Want to learn PLC programming in an easy to understand format and take your career to the next level?
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Head on over to realpars.com
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
วิดีโอนี้มี 64 ประโยค และ 938 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 7:39 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 123 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม มีเพียง 75% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่พบไม่บ่อย 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
- collect /ˈkɑlɪkt/ (คำกริยา) — เก็บ, สะสม. To gather together; amass.
- database /ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/ (คำนาม) — ฐานข้อมูล. A collection of (usually) organized information in a regular structure, usually but not necessarily in a machine-readable format accessible by a computer.
- pump /pʌmp/ (คำนาม) — เครื่องสูบลม, เครื่องสูบน้ำ. A device for moving or compressing a liquid or gas.
- valve /ˈvælv/ (คำนาม) — วาล์ว, ลิ้น. A device that controls the flow of a gas or fluid through a space, such as a pipe, manifold, or plenum.
- vendor /ˈvɛn.dɚ/ (คำนาม) — ผู้ขาย. A person or a company that vends or sells.
- monitor /ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/ (คำนาม) — จอภาพ, หน้าจอ. Someone who watches over something; a person in charge of something or someone.
- connect /kəˈnɛkt/ (คำกริยา) — เชื่อม, ต่อ. To join (to another object): to attach, or to be intended to attach or capable of attaching, to another object.
- hardware /ˈhɑɹdˌwɛɹ/ (คำนาม) — ฮาร์ดแวร์. Fixtures, equipment, fasteners, tools, and devices used for general-purpose construction and repair of a structure or object. Also such equipment as sold as…
- protocol /ˈpɹoʊtəˌkɑl/ (คำนาม) — พิธีสาร. An amendment to an official treaty.
- analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/ (คำกริยา) — วิเคราะห์. To subject to analysis.
- automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/ (คำนาม) — ระบบอัตโนมัติ. The act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls.
- timer /ˈtaɪmɚ/ (คำนาม) — เครื่องจับเวลา. A device used to measure amounts of time.
- server /ˈsɝvɚ/ (คำนาม) — เซิร์ฟเวอร์. A program that provides services to other programs or devices, either in the same computer or over a computer network.
- architecture /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/ (คำนาม) — สถาปัตยกรรม. The art and science of designing and managing the construction of buildings and other structures, particularly if they are well proportioned and decorated.
- log /lɔɡ/ (คำนาม) — ซุง, ท่อน. The trunk of a dead tree, cleared of branches.
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 3 ครั้ง เช่น didn't, don't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, supervision /ˌs(j)uːpəˈvɪʒən/, automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: operator /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/, supervision /ˌs(j)uːpəˈvɪʒən/, automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง collect, database, pump เป็นพิเศษ
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | is routed · were required · were not allowed |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have adapted · have indeed made |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ