跟读练习: What is SCADA? - 通过视频学习英语口语
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The SCADA acronym stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition.
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When considering this term, you can conjure varying images, and you should.
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A SCADA system is a collection of both software and hardware components that allows supervision and control of plants, both locally and remotely.
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The SCADA also examines, collects, and processes data in real time.
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Human-Machine Interface or HMI software facilitates interaction with field devices such as pumps,
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valves, motors, sensors, etc. Also within the SCADA software is the ability to log data for historical purposes.
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The structural design of a standard SCADA system starts with Remote Terminal Units or RTUs and or Programmable Logic Controllers or PLCs.
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As you know, RTUs and PLCs are microprocessors that communicate and interact with field devices such as valves,
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pumps, and HMIs.
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That communication data is routed from the processors to the SCADA computers, where the software interprets and displays the data,
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allowing for operators to analyze and react to system events.
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Before SCADA, plant personnel had to monitor and control industrial processes via selector switches,
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push buttons, and dials for analog signals.
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This meant that plants had to maintain personnel on-site during production in order to control the processes.
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As manufacturing grew and sites became more remote in nature, relays and timers were used to assist in the supervision and control of processes.
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With these devices employed, fewer plant personnel were required to be on site in order to oversee and control operations.
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While relays and timers did provide some level of automation, the panels required for these devices took up valuable real estate.
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Troubleshooting was a nightmare, and reconfiguring was difficult at best.
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These issues, in conjunction with the need to grow even larger industrial plants, helped to facilitate the birth of automation.
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As you may know from previous videos, controlling industrial plants via processors became a reality in the 1950s.
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Gas and oil, utilities, and manufacturing were major users of these new technologies and supervisory control.
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About a decade later, telemetry came on the scene to offer even more remote capabilities with automated communication
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and data transmission to remote monitoring locations.
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Another decade later, the term SCADA was used to describe systems with PLCs
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and microprocessors that were being used for the monitoring and control of automated processes on an even greater scale than ever before.
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SCADA, back then, was anything but practical.
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They were colossal machines, mainframes really, and since networking was not yet in the picture, they were standalone units.
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In the next couple of decades, the 80s and 90s, with computer systems getting smaller,
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the advent of local area networking or LAN and HMI software, SCADA systems were able to connect to related systems.
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Unfortunately though, the communications were typically proprietary, which meant that connections outside of the particular vendor of the SCADA system were not allowed.
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This early SCADA was coined distributed SCADA systems.
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Later in the 90s and 2000s, SCADA began to implement open system architectures with communication protocols that were not vendor specific.
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As you can imagine, this opened up SCADA's ability to connect with varying vendors.
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This newer, more improved SCADA was then called a networked SCADA system.
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Newer and improved SCADA unfortunately didn't last long.
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With computer technology growing rapidly, IT development quickly gathered steam.
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The default database for IT became Structure Query Language or SQL databases.
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SCADA developers didn't implement these standard databases, so SCADA became out of date rather quickly when other technologies so rapidly changed.
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Current-day SCADA systems have adapted to the changing technologies and have a great advantage over the older SCADA systems.
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With the adoption of modern IT standards such as SQL and web-based applications,
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today's SCADA allows for real-time plant information to be accessed from anywhere around the world.
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Having this data at the operator's fingertips facilitates improved plant operations,
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allowing for responses to SCADA system queues based on field collected data and system analysis.
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These operator interactions can be from a computer right on the
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plant floor to an office building in some other region in the world.
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Advancing technologies have indeed made the world seem like a very small place, relatively speaking.
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And because the current SCADA system software has typically adopted the SQL database model,
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historical collection of data may be logged and used in trending applications to further improve plant processes,
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as well as creating mandated record keeping for some of the industries out there.
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Essentially, SCADA is a collection of hardware
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and software This collection of components begins with real-time data collected from plant floor devices such as pumps, valves, and transmitters.
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These components don't have to be from a particular vendor, they just need to have a communication protocol that the processor can utilize.
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Data collected from the field devices is then passed to the processors such as PLCs.
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From the processor, the data is distributed to a system of network devices.
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These devices may be HMIs, end-user computers, and servers.
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On the HMI and end-user computer, graphical representations of the operations exist for operator interactions,
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such as running pumps and opening valves.
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This data may also be analyzed and used to enhance plant production and troubleshoot problems problems.
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Want to learn PLC programming in an easy to understand format and take your career to the next level?
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Head on over to realpars.com
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 64 个句子、938 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 7:39。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 123 个词，很适合跟读。 只有 75% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个不太常见的单词，附发音和释义：
- remote /ɹəˈməʊt̞/ (形容词) — 遠 /远, 遙遠 /遥远. At a distance; disconnected.
- collect /ˈkɑlɪkt/ (动词) — 庋藏, 收藏. To gather together; amass.
- database /ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/ (名词) — 數據庫 /数据库. A collection of (usually) organized information in a regular structure, usually but not necessarily in a machine-readable format accessible by a computer.
- pump /pʌmp/ (名词) — 泵, 唧筒. A device for moving or compressing a liquid or gas.
- valve /ˈvælv/ (名词) — 閥門 /阀门. A device that controls the flow of a gas or fluid through a space, such as a pipe, manifold, or plenum.
- vendor /ˈvɛn.dɚ/ (名词) — 賣主 /卖主, 賣家 /卖家. A person or a company that vends or sells.
- monitor /ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/ (名词) — 顯示器 /显示器. Someone who watches over something; a person in charge of something or someone.
- component /kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/ (名词) — 元件, 部件. A smaller, self-contained part of a larger entity. Often refers to a manufactured object that is part of a larger device.
- operator /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/ (名词) — 話務員 /话务员, 接線員 /接线员. A person or organisation that operates a device, system, service, etc.
- interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/ (名词) — 相互作用. The situation or occurrence in which two or more things act upon one another to produce an effect; the effect resulting from such a situation or occurrence.
- facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ (动词) — 使……容易, 輔助 /辅助. To make easy or easier.
- connect /kəˈnɛkt/ (动词) — 連接 /连接. To join (to another object): to attach, or to be intended to attach or capable of attaching, to another object.
- rapidly /ˈɹæpɪdli/ (副词) — 迅速地, 快速地. With speed; in a rapid manner.
- hardware /ˈhɑɹdˌwɛɹ/ (名词) — 硬件, 硬體 /硬体. Fixtures, equipment, fasteners, tools, and devices used for general-purpose construction and repair of a structure or object. Also such equipment as sold as…
- implement /ˈɪmpləmənt/ (动词) — 實施 /实施, 執行 /执行. To bring about; to put into practice; to carry out.
视频中出现的短语动词
- come on /ˌkʌm ˈɒn/ — 加油. Come along with me; join me in going.
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 3 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 didn't, don't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, supervision /ˌs(j)uːpəˈvɪʒən/, automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: operator /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/, supervision /ˌs(j)uːpəˈvɪʒən/, automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 remote, collect, database 这类单词。
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is routed · were required · were not allowed |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | have adapted · have indeed made |
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。