Shadowing Practice: what is a database index? - Learn English Speaking with Video
Creando lección...
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we really need to talk about what do we mean by
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an index very quick we added this concept of indexes
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because of a problem
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that we have in database systems you see we have regardless
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of the way you store your data whether it's a relational table of columns and rows or documents or blob storage
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this data is huge in your table you're going to have millions
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and millions of rows in your documents you're going to have thousands
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and thousands of documents in your blob stores you're going to
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have these content these blob pictures videos whatever contiguous one of the other
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but searching becomes interesting
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because how do you find something in this pile of stuff you get a scan one by one
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these million rows or thousands of document or tens
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and thousands of these blob images which is obviously not ideal
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because you have to loop one by one
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and you have to visit apparently work with millions of rows to find what you're looking for
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so so smart people found a way to eliminate working with millions of millions of rows
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and instead work with as few
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or rows as possible to find exactly what we're looking for
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the the best solution to search billions of rows is to
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avoid searching billions of rows right that's that's the best solution
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so the trick here is to take shortcuts so indexes was well born
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and there are many many types of indexes
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that helps you you know find exactly what you're looking for
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or at least narrow the search not exactly gives you one io or one cost bigger of one not necessarily
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but it helps you you know narrow
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that search that's the goal of an index
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so regardless of the type of it is a b3 b
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plus tree you know uh jest tree generalized search tree
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or brand the goal is just let me work with as let me eliminate things
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that is absolutely doesn't contain my results right just like concept of a bloom filter
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so that's an index so i have an index
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and you search this index so you still need to search
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but it's a much much much smaller data structure compared to the millions of rows
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that you have on your actual data blob store documents right
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usually you keep we call this area the heap right the heap is a data structure where you just dump everything
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ram it's just a dumping ground index is an optimized data structure
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that helps you pick what column in your document
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or on your row on your table and exactly index
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that column and the goal is to give you give you a row sets right a sets of rows
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that are candidate
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that may give you the results after you search the index
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you get a list of candidate results right could be one
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or could be more you still in most situations you still
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need to go to jump to the heap to the big table
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which contains actual data and fetch the content
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because the index will only have one column
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or two right the heap will have everything in it
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so you jump back but the index tells you exactly where to jump
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and that is the trick here the index tells you hey jump to page 179
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and pull row 73 in that page it tells you exactly
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that right now it depends on the database the database is
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sometimes does an additional filtering upon fetching the row itself
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because there are situations where the row might have been deleted
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but the index wasn't updated and and we need to see
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if i'm supposed to see this row or not
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so whether whether you're in a multi-version currency control or not so this is an index Cool.
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Sounds like a good data structure, right?
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Beautiful.
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Let's always add an index.
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Why not?
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But careful with that.
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What did we say?
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We said that the index gives you a candidate rows so
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that you go to the table and fetch exactly what you want.
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Right?
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Cool.
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Keep that in mind.
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Okay.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Este vídeo tiene 68 frases y 696 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 5:12. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 134 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 87 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es fácil de seguir.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras menos comunes del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
- column /ˈkɒləm/ (sustantivo) — columna, pilastra. A solid upright structure designed usually to support a larger structure above it, such as a roof or horizontal beam, but sometimes for decoration.
- database /ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/ (sustantivo) — base de datos, banco de datos. A collection of (usually) organized information in a regular structure, usually but not necessarily in a machine-readable format accessible by a computer.
- fetch /fɛt͡ʃ/ (verbo) — traer, buscar. To retrieve; to bear towards; to go and get.
- regardless /ɹɪˈɡɑɹd.lɪs/ (adverbio) — pese a todo, a pesar de todo. Without attention to warnings or indications of bad consequences.
- trick /ˈtɹɪk/ (sustantivo) — truco, artimaña. Something designed to fool, dupe, outsmart, mislead or swindle.
- narrow /ˈnæɹəʊ/ (adjetivo) — estrecho, angosto. Having a small width; not wide; having opposite edges or sides that are close, especially by comparison to length or depth.
- filter /ˈfɪltɚ/ (sustantivo) — filtro. A device which separates a suspended, dissolved, or particulate matter from a fluid, solution, or other substance; any device that separates one substance from…
- eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/ (verbo) — eliminar. To completely remove, get rid of, put an end to.
- dump /dʌmp/ (verbo) — tirar a la basura, arrojar. To release, especially in large quantities and chaotic manner.
- necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ (adverbio) — necesariamente. Inevitably; of necessity.
- compare /kəmˈpɛɚ/ (verbo) — comparar, parangonar. To assess the similarities and differences between two or more things [“to compare X with Y”]. Having made the comparison of X with Y, one might have found it…
- ideal /aɪˈdi(ə)l/ (adjetivo) — ideal, idóneo. Pertaining to ideas, or to a given idea.
- currency /ˈkʌɹ.ən.si/ (sustantivo) — moneda, divisa. Money or other items used to facilitate transactions.
- loop /luːp/ (sustantivo) — lazo, lazada. A length of thread, line or rope that is doubled over to make an opening.
- delete /dɪˈliːt/ (verbo) — deletear. To remove, get rid of or erase, especially written or printed material, or data on a computer or other device.
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
- look for (verbo) — buscar, lambisquear. To seek.
- have on (verbo) — llevar puesto, tener puesto. To be wearing.
- talk about (verbo) — hablar de, hablar sobre. Used to draw attention to the speaker's characterization of someone or something.
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 10 contracciones y formas reducidas, como you're, doesn't, I'm. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, contiguous /kənˈtɪɡ.ju.əs/, generalize /ˈd͡ʒɛn.(ə.)ɹə.laɪz/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como column, database, fetch.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.