Pratique du Shadowing: Climate Change and Global Warming: Explained in Simple Words for Beginners - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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55 phrases
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Climate change is one of humanity's most severe and urgent challenges.
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As can be expected from anything that has a worldwide impact, climate change and global warming are often shrouded in controversy and competing narratives.
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With that in mind, let's begin by understanding what exactly climate change is and what makes it so dreadful for our planet.
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The term climate change is used to denote the long-term changes in the weather patterns in a given region.
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Another term often interchanged with climate change is global warming.
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Global warming is formally defined as a rise in Earth's temperature that persists for a decade or longer.
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There could be several causes for climate change, but the biggest one is the rising concentration of greenhouse gases.
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Simply put, greenhouse gases are those gases in our atmosphere that trap heat.
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Some examples include carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
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How these gases affect climate change depends on their amount and their global warming potential, or GWP.
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This metric tells us how long a gas remains in the atmosphere, on average, and how strongly it absorbs energy.
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Naturally, gases with a higher GWP absorb more heat, and thus contribute more to increasing Earth's overall temperature, or in other words, warming it.
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Natural sources and human activities both result in the emission of greenhouse gases.
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One of the most common ways these gases get released into the atmosphere is through the burning of fossil fuels.
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Burning coal or oil to run industrial processes or giant factories increases the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
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Indeed, fossil fuels' contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is the largest, in the range of 70 to 80% of total emissions.
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Agriculture is another serious factor.
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Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture come from livestock such as cows, agricultural soils and rice production,
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and are in the range of 10 to 15% of all emissions.
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Clearing forests for cultivation, industry and other human activities also increases concentrations of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide.
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The share of changes in land use patterns represents 5 to 10% of all emissions.
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Carbon dioxide concentration is the highest among all greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
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Therefore, it is a significant contributor to global warming.
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Since the Industrial Revolution, a drastic increase in economic activity has triggered a sharp uptick in carbon dioxide emissions worldwide.
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These emissions are higher than the amount that can be captured by the Earth's natural carbon cycle.
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This is why rising carbon dioxide emission is a point of great concern to every nation on the planet.
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The rise in global temperature changes several other weather patterns and geographical conditions.
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For example, an increase in temperature directly impacts the snow, river and lake ice, sea ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice shelves,
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and ice sheets, as well as frozen ground, also known as permafrost.
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The rising surface temperature causes a decline in ice mass.
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Ice mass measurement by NASA's satellite shows that the Antarctic and Greenland mass is declining at an unprecedented rate.
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are also retreating almost everywhere, including the Alps, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, Alaska, and Africa.
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Furthermore, oceans absorb almost 90% of the excess heat from the surrounding air, making it warmer.
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Although most of the heat is absorbed in the surface as the rate of warming increases, the heat permeates to deeper waters and harms marine ecosystems.
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Sea level rise is caused primarily by water from melting ice sheets and glaciers, and the expansion of seawater as it warms.
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Satellite observations indicate that the sea height is increasing rapidly and will continue to rise at an increasingly rapid pace.
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The rise in sea levels negatively affects the populace of coastal areas.
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It also plays a role in flooding and leads to an increase in storms.
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Climate change also leads to changes in the frequency, intensity, spatial extent, duration, and timing of weather and climate extremes.
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Some extreme weather events include floods, droughts, hurricanes, and heat waves.
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Weather and climate extremes occur when the weather or climate metric is above or below a threshold value of the variable.
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Some of the changes in weather patterns include an increase in the number of warm days and nights, a decrease in cold days and nights,
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and an increase in the frequency and intensity of daily temperature extremes.
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As you can imagine, climate change or global warming doesn't happen overnight.
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These changes occur over decades or even centuries.
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Thus, it stands to reason that it's impossible to either stop
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or completely reverse its effects in just a few weeks or months.
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However, as a community, we could do many things to slow down global warming
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and eventually embrace ways to stop or reverse it.
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The first and most crucial aspect of recovery is awareness, namely understanding and spreading awareness about the risks associated with climate change.
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On a personal level, we could look at our transportation and power consumption habits.
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Since industrial and automobile emissions, along with the consumption of electricity, which is primarily generated by burning fossil fuels,
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are the most significant reasons for increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere,
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rethinking these consumption patterns would make a measurable dent in our collective carbon emissions.
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Climate change is a real threat, but if we all come together, take a stand, and be more environmentally conscious in our decisions, we can still save our beautiful blue planet.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Climate Change and Global Warming: Explained in Simple Words for Beginners ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : climate, emission, gases, warming, carbon. Cette vidéo contient 55 phrases et 885 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:49. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 152 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 73 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| emission nom | /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/ | émission |
| greenhouse nom | /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/ | serre |
| dioxide nom | /daɪˈɑksaɪd/ | dioxyde |
| absorb verbe | /æbˈsɔɹb/ | absorber |
| fossil nom | /ˈfɑsl̩/ | fossile |
| glacier nom | /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/ | glacier |
| metric adjectif | /ˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ | métrique |
| intensity nom | /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/ | intensité |
| chlorofluorocarbon nom | chlorofluorocarbure | |
| denote verbe | /dɪˈnoʊt/ | dénoter, indiquer |
| environmentally adverbe | environnementalement | |
| interchange nom | /ˈɪntɚt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ | échangeur autoroutier, échangeur routier |
| nitrous adjectif | /ˈnaɪtɹəs/ | nitreux, azoteux |
| permafrost nom | /ˈpɝməˌfɹɔst/ | pergélisol, permafrost |
| permeate verbe | /ˈpɝmiˌeɪ̯t/ | s'infiltrer, s'insinuer |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| come together verbe | /ˈkʌm tʊˈɡɛðɚ/ | affluer, s’assembler |
| slow down verbe | ralentir, décélérer |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « th »: rethink /ɹiːˈθɪŋk/, methane /ˈmiːθeɪn/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, glacier /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/, measurable /ˈmɛʒəɹəbəl/, shroud /ˈʃɹaʊ̯d/, cultivation /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/, measurable /ˈmɛʒəɹəbəl/, cultivation /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/, contributor /kənˈtɹɪb.jə.tɚ/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: greenhouse /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/, hurricane /ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: interchange /ˈɪntɚt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/, geographical /d͡ʒiəˈɡɹæfɪkl̩/, duration /dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, urgent /ˈɜː.d͡ʒənt/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: greenhouse /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, extremes /ɪkˈstɹimz/, metric /ˈmɛt.ɹɪk/, measurable /ˈmɛʒəɹəbəl/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme emission, greenhouse, dioxide.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.