Pratique du Shadowing: Inflation - Professor Ryan - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

Choisissez un mode d'entraînement

Chaque mode ouvre une salle d'entraînement en plein écran.

214 phrases

Si les phrases sont trop courtes ou trop longues, cliquez sur Edit pour les ajuster.

Alright folks, what we're going to do in this lesson is we're going to continue with talking about our three main goals in macroeconomics.

We talked about full employment in the last set of lessons, and in this set of lessons we're going to talk about price level stability.

This is the second goal that we mentioned in macroeconomics.

Now, in order to understand price level stability, there are several concepts that you need to understand, that you need definitions for.

So the first concept that you're going to need to understand is a word that you're probably familiar with, you've probably heard of this word before,

and it is called inflation.

Now first I'm going to give you sort of the official textbook definition, then I'm going to give you a more casual, less formal definition.

Inflation is a sustained in the general price level within an economy.

Alright, so let me see if I can give you an example that may help you understand this.

I got gas the other day from my car and when I got gas,

the price for the gas was $2.69 per gallon.

I had gone maybe about a month ago and gotten gas at the same gas stations, the same type of gas,

and it was $2.99 per gallon.

So obviously the price had gone down.

If you go to the gas station and get gas from time to time, you probably noticed that the price fluctuates, right?

You know, the price might be $2.43 one day and the next day it's $2.47.

Then it's $2.39, maybe a week later.

We have these fluctuations in prices.

Depending on the week or depending on the month, you know, the price could be up or down by 10, 15, 20 cents.

So there's this window, all right, this window of a lowest price and a highest price in, let's say, a one year period.

So let's say that at one time during the year the price is as low as $2.65 a gallon,

and then the highest is like $3.02 per gallon.

And that is all the prices for the whole year sort of fall between that window.

But now I think back to when I first started driving,

which was in 1990, and in 1990 the The price of one gallon of gas was about maybe 95 cents per gallon.

Ok, so less than a dollar per gallon.

So in 1990, I'd say probably the lowest price that I saw was about 89 cents a gallon, and probably the highest price I saw was maybe about 98 cents a gallon.

So that window was a lot lower than the window that I've experienced this year in terms of prices of gas.

So inflation is a sustained rise in the general price level of stuff,

ok, in the economy.

It's not just when the price of something goes up, because we have fluctuations in the prices of things,

especially because of let's say coupons or sales and that kind of stuff.

A sustained rise in the general price level of stuff in an economy is almost, is basically that window of prices,

like, you know, in 1990, the window of prices of gas went from, you know, 89 cents a gallon to 98 cents a gallon, but here we are, like,

almost 30 years later, and the price window is a lot higher.

It's between, you know, $2.70 a gallon and maybe $3 a gallon.

And the fact that that window of fluctuation of price over 30 years has risen,

that is what we're talking about when we say inflation.

Okay?

So now let me give you a more casual definition.

A more casual definition of inflation is going to be a loss in money value over time.

So you might say, well you were just talking about prices rising.

Why are you talking now about money value going down?

Well, think about this.

Whenever the prices of things go up, you can buy less with your money.

So if you have $10 and you go to the store, you know, you go to a dollar store and everything costs $1, you can buy 10 of them.

But if 10 years later all those things are now $1.50, you can't buy as many of them.

Your money has lost value over time, not because the money itself isn't $10 anymore,

but because it can't buy as much because prices have risen in the economy.

So the effect of inflation, the effect of prices rising,

the price levels of things rising over time basically causes your money to have less value

because you can get less value out of your money.

Alright, so there are two,

I'm going to identify two main problems associated with inflation.

Problems with inflation.

The first problem is this.

Let's say that you have $100 in cash and you put it in your sock drawer at home,

okay, so that you can hide it from people from taking it.

So it's just sitting in your sock drawer, but you're not going to do anything with it.

Okay.

Well, because the prices of things are going up,

the price level of products in general is going up that a hundred dollars sitting in your sock drawer one year later,

won't be able to buy a hundred dollars worth of stuff.

Now, if you, if you spend it today, you can go buy $100 worth of stuff, but because the the prices of things are going up,

one year later you may only be able to buy $98 worth of stuff because prices are increasing,

the value of your money is decreasing.

So one of the problems with inflation is holding on to money causes you to lose money over time.

And so people really don't like this.

This frustrates people.

If they're saving up a lot of money over the course of 5, 6, or 7 years, as they're saving up this money,

it's becoming less and less valuable as it sits there as they save it up before they spend it.

Okay?

So people get very upset over losing value of the money that they have worked so hard to earn.

The second main problem with inflation is that the amount of utility,

right, that individuals can get per dollar decreases.

decreases.

Alright, so this per dollar utility, meaning whenever you spend money, you're getting utility for what you buy.

And I think I can explain this amount of utility per dollar decreases with an example.

Let's say that when I buy one gallon of gas, gasoline for for my car,

one gallon of gas, that that gives me 50 utility.

Now you may say, what is 50 utility?

It's an arbitrary measure.

It's just, I get 50 units of satisfaction.

And so 50 units of satisfaction is more happiness than 30 units of satisfaction,

but it's not as much happiness as 60 units of satisfaction.

It doesn't matter.

I know we don't think about satisfaction and happiness in terms of numbers,

but in economics, it helps us to understand these concepts when we put a number on it.

So let's say that I get 50 units of utility whenever I consume a gallon of gas.

Now let's say that a gallon of gas costs $2, so $2 per gallon.

What I can now do is I can identify how much utility I'm getting from each dollar by dividing my utility,

50, by how many dollars I spent.

So if I divide 50 divided by 2 dollars,

I get 25, and what that means is I'm getting 25 utility per dollar.

So for every dollar I spend, for each one of the $2, I got 25 utility.

Now let's say that the price of gasoline goes up to $2.50 per gallon.

Now I'm still going to get 50 utility out of each gallon of gas, but I have to spend more money to get a gallon of gas,

gas, which means I have to spend more money to get 50 utility.

So now, if I divide the 50 utility I'm getting by the $2.50 that I have to spend to get the 50 utility,

100

it now becomes 20 utility per dollar.

101

So even though for one gallon of gas I'm still getting the of happiness from the one gallon of gas,

102

it's costing me more to get that one gallon of gas

103

and therefore the amount of utility that I get out of every dollar has gone down.

104

I was getting 25 utility for every dollar spent,

105

now I'm getting 20 utility for every dollar spent and that's because the price went up.

106

So when the prices of products go up, the amount of utility that individuals can get per dollar decreases.

107

Now the good news is that we usually over time also earn more money.

108

So even though prices are going up,

109

our income usually also goes up and as long as our income paces the inflation,

110

then we can have the same amount of utility, the same amount of satisfaction and happiness.

111

our income exceeds inflation, then we can get more happiness and more satisfaction.

112

So we really want inflation, if there is going to be inflation, if prices are going to go up over time,

113

we want it to happen not in huge jumps.

114

We don't want a lot of inflation to happen in a short period of time.

115

Now I want to give you one more situation,

116

sort of a fictional manufactured example that might help you understand inflation a little bit better.

117

Let's say that there's an economy where, or a society where there are a thousand people.

118

There are exactly one thousand people in this society.

119

The population is not growing and it's not shrinking.

120

There's just a thousand people.

121

And all thousand people work in this economy.

122

All 1,000 people get paid $10 every month.

123

And so every single month they come together and every person receives $10 for what it was that they did that month.

124

And what that means is that every month there is $10,000 that can be spent in that economy.

125

Now, there's only one thing sold in the economy, just one product.

126

It's a magical item.

127

Let's say it's a box,

128

and in that box is everything that each person needs or wants just to be basically happy and satisfied.

129

So each of these people can take their $10 and they can buy some of these boxes of stuff that they can enjoy,

130

they take it home and they enjoy it, and every month they can go buy more of these boxes.

131

Now, every month this economy produces exactly 10,000 of these magical boxes that people consume.

132

So, these people, they come together every month, each Each one of them gets $10, so now there's $10,000.

133

And there's this pile of 10,000 of these boxes.

134

And so an important question is this, if all 10,000 of the boxes are identical in every way

135

and there is $10,000 that these people can spend to buy the boxes,

136

then how much is each box going to cost?

137

Meaning for them, what is the price of each one of these boxes going to be?

138

Well there's $10,000 to spend and they want to sell all of the boxes, the people want to buy all the boxes for this month

139

so that they can consume them and have satisfaction and happiness, right?

140

Utility.

141

And therefore, the people are going to use their money to bid the price of each box.

142

They're going to sell every one of them.

143

They're going to spend all their money because they don't have a reason to save up their money.

144

There's only one thing to buy.

145

And therefore, the price of each box is going to wind up being $1.

146

So it's going to cost $1 per box.

147

And each of the people has $10 and so each person is going to buy 10 boxes.

148

So, a thousand people each buying 10 boxes, that's 10,000 boxes.

149

So they're going to sell all the boxes, they're going to use up all the money, and now each person for a month is going to have

150

10 boxes to consume throughout the month to have enjoyment and happiness and satisfaction.

151

So one day somebody has this idea.

152

They think to themselves, wow, I only get ten boxes and that's fine, I'm happy with ten boxes,

153

but wouldn't it be great if I could have more boxes?

154

I would like to have fifteen boxes instead of only ten boxes every month.

155

That way I could have, enjoy one box every two days instead of every three days.

156

I would get more satisfaction.

157

I would be, I would have a happier life.

158

I would like to have a happier life.

159

Why don't people want me to have 15 boxes?

160

Why can't, why do I have to only have 10 boxes?

161

And so they get this idea.

162

They think to themselves, well the boxes are all one dollar each.

163

So if I had fifteen dollars instead of ten dollars,

164

if I had fifteen dollars instead of ten dollars,

165

I could buy fifteen boxes instead of only ten boxes.

166

This is a good idea.

167

And so he tells his idea to good idea.

168

And so he tells his idea to a whole bunch of friends and all 1,000 people like this idea.

169

They think it's a great idea.

170

They're all thinking, man, I'd also like to have 15 boxes.

171

If I had $15, then I could get 15 boxes because they're a dollar each.

172

So all 1,000 each.

173

So all 1,000 people agree in this society that they are going to get paid $15 every month instead of $10 every month.

174

And so now the total amount of money that they're going to be able to spend is $15,000 instead of $10,000.

175

And so they print up a bunch of extra money so that everybody can get $15 instead of $10,

176

and now there's $15,000 in the economy. But here's the problem.

177

They finally get together at the end of the month.

178

This is the first month where everybody's going to get $15.

179

They get together.

180

There's the pile of boxes.

181

There's the pile of 10,000 boxes.

182

And the problem now is, I hope you already see the problem.

183

Here's the problem, is that there aren't enough boxes for everybody to buy 15 boxes.

184

So they think the price is going to be one dollar.

185

So they start walking up and they got their 15 dollars and say, okay, I'll take 15 of the boxes out of the pile.

186

But in order for all 1,000 people to get 15 boxes,

187

there would need to be 15,000 boxes boxes.

188

But there's not 15,000 boxes.

189

There's only 10,000 boxes.

190

There's only enough boxes for each of the 1,000 people to have 10 boxes.

191

And therefore, each of the 1,000 people, if they're all going to agree that everybody's going to get the same number of boxes,

192

then each of the boxes is going to have to go up in price.

193

And what's going to happen here is there is $15,000 available to purchase 10,000 boxes,

194

the price of each box is going to be bid up to $1.50 per box.

195

And now, they're going to pay $1.50 per box with their $15, and with $15 you can get 10 boxes at $1.50 per box.

196

Each person is going to get 10 boxes, and they're still only going to enjoy one box every three days.

197

So nothing in the situation changed except the price of each box went up from $1 to $1.50.

198

Other than that, nothing else about this society changed.

199

That, in a very basic example, that is what inflation is.

200

It is a sustained rise in the general price level within an economy.

201

The price level of the stuff that's being purchased.

202

And in this economy, there's only one product, and its price went up by 50%.

203

That's a lot of inflation.

204

But nothing else about this society changed at all.

205

Each person this next month is still only going to enjoy 10 boxes.

206

Now what we're going to talk about after price level in lesson 9 is we're going to talk about

207

that this is where the change needs to happen, not here.

208

It's not an issue of having more money, it's an issue of having more stuff.

209

If there were more than 10,000 boxes in the economy,

210

then each person could have more boxes.

211

But this is a question of output, not a question of income or wages,

212

and also not a question of price.

213

So this concept of simply just giving people more money so that they can buy more stuff, if output doesn't go up,

214

then all you're going to result in in the economy is inflation.

Télécharger l'application

Tout pour parler couramment

Prononciation IAChaque phrase notée

Phonétique (IPA)Maîtrisez chaque son

VocabulaireEnrichissez votre lexique

Jeu de vocabulaireApprenez en jouant

Scanner le QR

Download on theApp Store Get it onGoogle Play

📺 Même chaîne

Introduction to Economics Part 2 - Professor Ryan

Daily ConversationUniversity Students

Introduction to Economics Part 1 - Professor Ryan

Daily ConversationUniversity Students

✨ Vidéo recommandée

44 phrases

Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Inflation - Professor Ryan ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : price, boxes, dollar, gallon, utility. Cette vidéo contient 214 phrases et 2706 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 20:56. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 129 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 87 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
gallon nom	/ˈɡælən/	gallon
consume verbe	/kənˈsum/	consommer
sustain verbe	/səˈsteɪn/	maintenir
fluctuation nom	/flʌkt͡ʃuːˈeɪʃən/	fluctuation
sock nom	/sɑk/	chaussette, bas
drawer nom	/dɹɔɹ/	tiroir
macroeconomics nom	/ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/	macroéconomie
gasoline nom	/ˈɡæs.ə.liːn/	essence, gazoline
fluctuate verbe	/ˈflʌkt͡ʃu.eɪt/	fluctuer
frustrate verbe	/ˈfɹʌsˌtɹeɪt/	frustrer
textbook nom	/ˈtɛkst.bʊk/	manuel, livre de classe
enjoyment nom	/ɪnˈd͡ʒɔɪ.mənt/	jouissance, plaisir
arbitrary adjectif	/ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/	arbitraire
fictional adjectif	/ˈfɪkʃənəl/	fictif
coupon nom	/ˈkuːˌpɑn/	bon

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
go up verbe		monter, s'élever
go down verbe		descendre
come together verbe	/ˈkʌm tʊˈɡɛðɚ/	affluer, s’assembler
wind up verbe	/waɪnd ˈʌp/	remonter

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

Structure	Dans la vidéo
Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant	you've probably heard · I've experienced · has risen
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait	is called · can be spent · being purchased

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 52 contractions et formes réduites, comme they're, I'm, we're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

Les sons « sh » et « zh »: fluctuation /flʌkt͡ʃuːˈeɪʃən/, fictional /ˈfɪkʃənəl/
Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: fluctuation /flʌkt͡ʃuːˈeɪʃən/, macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/, arbitrary /ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

/tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: fluctuation /flʌkt͡ʃuːˈeɪʃən/, fluctuate /ˈflʌkt͡ʃu.eɪt/, enjoyment /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔɪ.mənt/
/r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: drawer /dɹɔɹ/, macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/, frustrate /ˈfɹʌsˌtɹeɪt/, arbitrary /ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme gallon, consume, sustain.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →

Pratique du Shadowing: Inflation - Professor Ryan - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

Choisissez un mode d'entraînement

Télécharger l'application

Introduction to Economics Part 2 - Professor Ryan

Introduction to Economics Part 1 - Professor Ryan

How Long Can the Fed Hold On?

01 English Vocabulary in Use Advanced Unit 1-4

Specialization and Trade: Crash Course Economics #2

What 50% Unemployment Will Actually Do to the Economy

What to do if you are hit with a rent increase

FIN 1 Welcome to Finance!

Why the UK's Economy is Awful

Lesson 185: An expensive place you visited💸

What Is a Pricing Analyst? - Responsibilities, Career Path & Skills

Complete IELTS Band 5-6.5 - UNIT 6

Why can’t prices just stay the same?

Contemporary topics 2| Unit 4 BUSINESS Success in the global economy