Pratique du Shadowing: Introduction: Crash Course U.S. Government and Politics - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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130 phrases
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Hi, I'm Craig.
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I'm not John Green, but I do have patches on my elbows so I seem smart.
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And this is Crash Course Government and Politics, a new show!
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Hooray!
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Why are fireworks legal or illegal?
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We might find out.
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Will we find out, Stan?
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Anyway, I have a question for you.
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Have you ever wondered where your tax dollars go?
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Or why people complain about it so much?
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Or who pays for the highway that runs past your house?
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Or why you use the textbooks you use in science class?
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Or why you need a license to drive, or to hunt, or to fish, or to become a barber.
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I've always wanted to cut my own hair, back when I had it.
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Have you ever wondered why you have to be 21 years old to drink alcohol, but only 18 to vote? Or gamble?
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Sometimes voting is a gamble.
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Actually always.
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Do you get confused when you hear people on the news talk about Wall Street regulations, or Obamacare, or the national debt?
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Do you wonder why there are so few cell phone carriers and cable companies?
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How about why it's okay for student groups to lead prayers in schools, but not for the principal to do so?
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Have you ever wondered if there are any limits on when, where, and how the police can search your home, or your car, or your locker, or you, or your friend, or your grandma, or your grandma's friend.
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And do you know why you can stand outside of a government office with a sign
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and a bullhorn complaining about military action that you think is unfair and the police can't stop you, but you can be fired from your job for doing the exact same thing?
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Have you ever been sued or fined?
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Ever wonder what the difference is between being sued or fined?
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Have you ever wondered why our government does the things it does and doesn't do other things?
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Have you ever wondered what it would be like if we had no government at all?
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That would be anarchy.
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Can we play the Sex Pistols, Stan? that's probably illegal.
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Why is it illegal?
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And probably most important, have you ever thought about how you can change the things that seem unjust or unfair, or that you just don't like?
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Okay, so that was more than one question, and obviously there isn't a single answer to all of those questions, except that, in a way, there is.
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The study of government and politics.
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And that's what we're going to talk about today, and this whole series, Crash Course Government and Politics, aptly titled.
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So let's start by doing what human beings do when confronted with complicated questions they can't answer.
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We'll answer a simpler one.
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In this case, what are government and politics, and why do I need to learn about them?
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Government is a set of rules and institutions people set up so that they can function together as a unified society.
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Sometimes we call this a state, or a nation, or a country, or Guam, and I'll use these terms somewhat interchangeably, except for Guam, that might be a little confusing.
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So, we study government in order to become better citizens.
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Studying government enables us to participate in an informed way.
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Anyone can participate, but doing so intelligently, that takes a little effort, and that's why we need to learn about how our government works.
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Politics is a little different.
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Politics is a term we use to describe how power is distributed in a government, and in the U .S it basically describes the decisions about who holds office, and how individuals and groups make those decisions.
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Following politics is a lot like following sports, in that there's a winner and a loser, and people spend a lot of time predicting who will win, and analyzing why the winner won and the loser lost.
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The outcome of an election might affect your life more than the outcome of a sports game, though.
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Unless you're gambling, which might be illegal.
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Government is really important.
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Everyone born in America is automatically a citizen, and many people choose to become citizens every year so that they can have a say in the government.
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The USA is a republic, which means that we elect representatives to govern us, and a democracy, which means that citizens are allowed to participate.
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This ability to participate is something we take for granted, but we shouldn't.
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History tells us that citizen participation is the exception rather than the rule.
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But we're not going to look at history.
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Who has time?
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That's what history courses are for with that other guy.
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So, one way people can participate in government is through voting, and many people will tell you that that's pretty much the only way we can participate in government or politics.
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But they're wrong!
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And I love pointing out when people are wrong.
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Let's go to the Thought Bubble.
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Sure, when you mark a ballot, you are participating in the political process, but there are so many other things you can do to be an active citizen.
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You can contact your representatives and tell them what you think about a political issue.
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People used to do this by writing letters or sending telegrams, but now they tend to call or send emails.
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Although there's nothing like a good old -fashioned angry letter.
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People can work for campaigns or raise money or give money.
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They can display yard signs or bumper stickers.
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They can canvass likely voters, try to convince them to vote or even drive them to the polls on election day.
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You participate in politics when you answer a public opinion poll, or when you write a letter to the editor or comment on an online article.
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You participate in politics when you blog or tumble or make a YouTube video or tweet.
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I guess even YouTube comments count.
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First, ever been to a march or a rally
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or held a sign or worn a t -shirt with a slogan on it
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or discussed an upcoming election at the dinner table and tried to convince your parents who to vote for?
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You've participated in the political process.
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And if you've actually run for office, you've participated, even if you didn't win.
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And if you did win, congratulations!
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Now get back to work, you should already know this.
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But probably the most important thing you can do to participate in government
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and politics is both the easiest and the most challenging.
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Become more educated.
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Anyone can be a citizen, but to be a good citizen requires an understanding of how the government works and how we can participate.
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It requires knowledge and effort, and we have to do it because otherwise we end up being led rather than being leaders.
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We learn about politics
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because knowledge is our best defense against unscrupulous people who use our ignorance to get us to do the things
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that they want rather than what we think should be done.
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Thanks, Thought Bubble.
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That was my first Thought Bubble narration.
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Hooray!
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You guys are fun.
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This is fun.
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So that's where we come in.
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Over the course of this series, we will be looking in -depth at American government and politics.
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We'll be talking about stuff like the structure and function of the branches of government, the division of power between the national government and the state governments, what political parties are, what they do, and how they are different from interest groups.
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We'll examine the role the media plays in government and politics, how the legal system and the courts work, and how they protect civil rights and civil liberties.
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We'll look at political ideologies, what it means to say you're a liberal, or a conservative, or a libertarian, or a socialist, or an anarchist.
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Okay, we probably won't talk about anarchy, because that's sort of the rejection of government.
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Again, sex pistols?
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Again, it's a copyright issue.
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I'll take care of it.
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Anarchy!
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Woo!
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I've been known to do that from time to time.
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We'll try to understand the forces that are shaping American government and politics today, and we'll work towards becoming more involved and developing our knowledge
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so that we make our government more responsive and our politics more inclusive.
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By the end of the series, and actually before the end, you will understand how our government works, and how you can make it work better for you and your community.
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Not only will you be able to answer most of the questions I started this episode with, but you will become, if you pay attention and think for yourself, a more engaged and active citizen.
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And you might have a beard, if you don't shave.
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Next week we'll talk about Congress, how it works, and what it does, when it does anything.
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Thanks for watching, I'll see you next week.
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And that's my first Crash Course episode!
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Are we out of poppers, Stan?
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Wait, I'll just throw em.
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Woohoo!
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Woo!
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Bang!
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Woo!
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Bang!
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Bang!
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Woohoo!
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Crash Course Government and Politics is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios.
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Support for Crash Course U .S.
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Government comes from VOCAL.
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VOCAL supports nonprofits that use technology and media to advance social equity.
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Learn more about their mission and initiatives at VOCAL .org.
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Crash Course was made by all these nice people.
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Thanks for watchin'.
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Can we call it Craig Course, Stan?
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No?
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Crash Course Craig?
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Mm -mm.
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Can't.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Introduction: Crash Course U.S. Government and Politics ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : politics, participate, citizen, Crash. Cette vidéo contient 130 phrases et 1589 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 6:39. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 239 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. 85 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer. 27 de ses 130 phrases sont des questions : un bon entraînement pour l’intonation interrogative et les réponses courtes.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| anarchy nom | /ˈæn.ɚ.ki/ | anarchie |
| litter nom | /ˈlɪt.ɚ/ | litière |
| gamble verbe | /ˈɡæm.bəl/ | parier, hasarder |
| pistol nom | /ˈpɪstəl/ | pistolet |
| loser nom | /luzɚ/ | perdant, perdante |
| unfair adjectif | /ʌnˈfɛɚ/ | injuste, déloyal |
| anarchist nom | /ˈæn.ɑɹ.kɪst/ | anarchiste |
| firework nom | /ˈfaɪɚˌwɚk/ | feu d'artifice |
| intelligently adverbe | intelligemment | |
| narration nom | /ˌnæɹˈeɪ.ʃən/ | narration |
| tumble verbe | /ˈtʌmbl̩/ | dégringoler, culbuter |
| unjust adjectif | /ʌnˈd͡ʒʌst/ | injuste |
| unscrupulous adjectif | /ˌʌnˈskɹuːpjʊləs/ | inscrupuleux, peu scrupuleux |
| telegram nom | /ˈtɛləˌɡɹæm/ | télégramme, dépêche |
| libertarian nom | /ˌlɪbɚˈtɛə̯ɹi.ən/ | libertaire |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| find out verbe | découvrir, savoir | |
| end up verbe | se terminer, se finir | |
| point out verbe | pointer | |
| set up verbe | /ˌsɛt ˈʌp/ | mettre en place, installer |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- Have you ever wondered where your tax dollars go?
- Have you ever been sued or fined?
- We'll answer a simpler one.
- Unless you're gambling, which might be illegal.
- You've participated in the political process.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | Have you ever wondered · I've always wanted · Have you ever been sued |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | can be fired · been sued · being sued |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | republic, which means · people who use |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 33 contractions et formes réduites, comme we'll, I'll, can't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: narration /ˌnæɹˈeɪ.ʃən/, shave /ˈʃeɪ̯v/, rejection /ɹɪˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: unscrupulous /ˌʌnˈskɹuːpjʊləs/, libertarian /ˌlɪbɚˈtɛə̯ɹi.ən/, ideology /aɪ.diˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: woohoo /wuːˈhuː/, bullhorn /ˈbʊlˌhɔɹn/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: unjust /ʌnˈd͡ʒʌst/, rejection /ɹɪˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/, educate /ˈɛd͡ʒ.əˌkeɪt/, ideology /aɪ.diˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, patch /pæt͡ʃ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: anarchist /ˈæn.ɑɹ.kɪst/, bullhorn /ˈbʊlˌhɔɹn/, narration /ˌnæɹˈeɪ.ʃən/, unscrupulous /ˌʌnˈskɹuːpjʊləs/, telegram /ˈtɛləˌɡɹæm/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme anarchy, litter, gamble.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.