Pratique du Shadowing: MinuteCement - LC3 - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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56 phrases
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In 2012, 3 .6 billion tons of cement were produced worldwide.
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That amount is more than all the food produced for human consumption that same year.
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We mixed most of the cement with about 22 billion tons of aggregates and 2 .5 billion tons of water.
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This makes concrete the product most consumed by humans.
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We use it to build homes, bridges and other infrastructure we use every day.
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The reasons concrete is so popular is because it is cheap, made of widely available materials and easy to use.
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But the global demand for concrete requires huge amounts of resources.
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And we are going to need even more.
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By 2050, the cement consumption is expected to double.
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Look at how China alone is already consuming more cement than the whole world in 1990, and how India's cement production has doubled over the past 10 years.
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It will be a real challenge to meet the projected demand.
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Compared to many other materials, producing cement is very ecological.
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But with several brilliant tons produced each year, the cement industry is a major contributor to global CO2 emissions.
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Where does it come from exactly?
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To manufacture cement, limestone and clay are heated together in a large kiln at about 1450 degrees Celsius.
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This produces an intermediate material called clinker, which is rapidly cooled, mixed together with gypsum and ground to make cement.
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40 % of CO2 emissions come from burning the fuels needed for the kiln.
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The efficiency of this manufacturing process is already optimized in most modern cement plants.
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But we can act on the 60 remaining percent of CO2 emissions, which come straight from the decomposition of the limestone.
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How, you ask?
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We can substitute part of this clinker by less CO2 -intensive materials, called supplementary cementitious materials.
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We often throw in waste materials from other industries.
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For example, blast furnace slag from steel plants or fly ashes from coal -fired power plants.
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What you get is a blended cement.
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Sadly, there are not enough substitute materials for everyone.
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So what other substitutes can we use?
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When calcined at a temperature of only 800 degrees Celsius, clay becomes reactive and can be used as a replacement material.
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We can also add limestone without any heating.
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Simply grind it and voila!
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We know how to use them separately, but if we add both of them to clinker, there is a synergy between the components and you get a perfectly good cement even with high additions.
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This is where LC3 comes in.
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LC3 stands for Limestone Calcined Clay Cement.
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It is a special blend composed of 50 % clinker, 30 % calcined clay and 15 % ground limestone.
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With 50 % of replacement, we can double the production of cement with the same amount of clinker better yet we can use limestone
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and clay of lower grade normally discarded by industries no precious agricultural soil
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or topsoil will be used also clays are abundantly available in
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regions where the highest cement consumption is expected LC3 aims to
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provide local solutions to the global demand this new material is
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very attractive is it sure it is low carbon up to
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50 % of the clinker can be substituted the limestone doesn't need to be heated
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and the clay is activated at low temperature.
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It is low cost.
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Cheap, low -grade materials can be used.
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Limestone and clay are widely available from existing quarries and easily extracted, within the first 5 meters of the earth's crust.
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It is low capital.
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Increasing production with LC3 requires less investment than adding a new production line.
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Simply adapt an existing kiln or buy a cheap one for the clay.
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And the best part is, LC3 is easy to use.
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You can replace a normal cement bag by a LC3 bag.
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You get the same handling, same procedure.
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Before LC3 can be mass produced, it needs to be certified according to industry standards.
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This is why LC3 has become a large -scale project, with scientific partners in Switzerland,
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India and Cuba, many industrial partners around the globe and the support of the SDC.
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Given the great advantages of LC3, we have the full support from the industry to show it's easy handling, its easy casting, its strength and its durability.
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As a group, we are all working full speed to make cement more sustainable.
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And as always, thanks for watching!
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « MinuteCement - LC3 ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : cement, material, clay, limestone, clinker. Cette vidéo contient 56 phrases et 706 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 4:07. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 172 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 77 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| cement nom | /səˈmɛnt/ | ciment |
| limestone nom | /ˈlaɪmˌstoʊn/ | calcaire |
| calcine verbe | /ˈkælˌsaɪn/ | calciner |
| kiln nom | /kɪln/ | four, touraille |
| emission nom | /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/ | émission |
| consume verbe | /kənˈsum/ | consommer |
| blend verbe | /blɛnd/ | mélanger, mêler |
| abundantly adverbe | /əˈbʌn.dn̩t.li/ | abondamment |
| certify verbe | /ˈsɜː.tɪ.faɪ/ | certifier |
| compose verbe | /kəmˈpəʊz/ | composer |
| decomposition nom | /diːˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/ | décomposition |
| discard verbe | /dɪsˈkɑɹd/ | rejeter, écarter |
| durability nom | /dəɹəˈbɪləti/ | durabilité, résistance |
| gypsum nom | /ˈd͡ʒɪp.səm/ | gypse |
| optimize verbe | /ˈɑptɪmaɪz/ | agir en optimiste |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | were produced · is expected · are heated |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has doubled · has become |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, cementitious /ˌsɛmɛnˈtɪʃəs/, decomposition /diːˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: cementitious /ˌsɛmɛnˈtɪʃəs/, decomposition /diːˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/, durability /dəɹəˈbɪləti/, contributor /kənˈtɹɪb.jə.tɚ/, ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: gypsum /ˈd͡ʒɪp.səm/, synergy /ˈsɪnəɹd͡ʒi/, ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: discard /dɪsˈkɑɹd/, durability /dəɹəˈbɪləti/, synergy /ˈsɪnəɹd͡ʒi/, reactive /ɹiːˈæktɪv/, quarry /ˈk(w)ɔɹ.i/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme cement, limestone, calcine.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.