Pratique du Shadowing: The 3 best predictors of how well you’ll age - Juulia Jylhävä - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec YouTube
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The The The The The The The If you want to learn a fish's age,
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The The The The The The The If you want to learn a fish's age,
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simply take one of its scales and count the number of bands radiating from its center.
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For trees, you can count their rings.
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For narwhals, their tusk layers.
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And for blue whales, their layers of earwax.
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When it comes to humans,
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scientists have yet to find any visible traits that mark our age with anywhere near the same specificity.
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But in the past few decades,
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they've discovered small, invisible markers hidden within the body that do change over time.
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And they may hold even more information about our health, history, and future.
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The first of these markers was discovered in the 1990s.
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Telomeres are repetitive sequences at the ends of DNA strands that protect chromosomes from fusing together.
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However, each time a cell divides,
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part of the telomere is cut off.
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These small losses can add up over time,
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and once telomeres get too short,
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cells lose their ability to replicate and eventually die.
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This gradual shrinking process led scientists to identify telomere length as a promising,
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albeit imperfect, marker of aging.
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As technology has advanced, scientists learned how to detect even more discrete changes to DNA,
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like the addition of individual molecular tags called methyl groups.
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This DNA methylation can control gene expression,
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including switching genes on and off.
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It can occur rapidly and frequently,
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allowing cells to respond to different situations and perform normal functions.
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Yet researchers noticed that at certain sites in the genome,
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methylation levels tend to change more gradually and predictably as we age.
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The reason for this is still unknown,
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but these changes may be associated with stress or caused by random errors during DNA replication.
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By measuring DNA methylation patterns from hundreds or thousands of these sites,
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scientists have developed what they call epigenetic clocks as another way to measure aging.
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A third way our bodies change over time is through inflammation.
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Proteins that are important components of the immune system generally increase when we get sick,
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then decrease again once our body has recovered.
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But as we get older,
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their baseline levels rise, resulting in chronic, low-level inflammation.
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This process is called inflammation.
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Scientists are still unsure why it occurs,
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but it could be due to repeated encounters with pathogens and other stresses.
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Another explanation could be the process of cellular senescence.
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When cells get old and stop dividing, they secrete inflammatory proteins.
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And by measuring the level of these proteins,
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scientists have developed yet another clock that can accurately measure aging aging.
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While all three of these markers are great additions to the age estimation toolbox,
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they don't perfectly correlate with chronological age.
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Instead, they're best at estimating something called biological age.
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Biological age is a measure of how well your body is functioning,
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how much damage your cells and organs have accumulated,
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and your overall risk for certain health problems.
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Unlike chronological clocks, biological clocks tick at different rates for for different people due to genetic differences,
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as well as health, stress,
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and many other environmental factors.
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And different tissues and organs within the body may even biologically age at different speeds.
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In many ways, these clocks are still a work in progress.
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For example, most experts recommend against personalized biological age testing.
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While these tests are commercially available,
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the value and accuracy of these measurements remain unclear.
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Currently, these tools work best at the population level,
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when data from many individuals are analysed.
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However, many scientists hope to change this in the future,
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as accurately tracking this information could revolutionise personalised healthcare.
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For example, one day, a person's accelerated biological age might help doctors detect an unknown health condition much earlier.
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And other researchers are searching for ways to slow down or even turn back these biological clocks.
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Though so far, most attempts at this have been largely unsuccessful.
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Besides, researchers still don't know if telomeres,
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inflammation, or epigenetics are actually to blame for aging,
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or if they are simply neutral markers of other processes happening in the body.
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We may be learning to read the language of aging,
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but we still have a way to go in understanding its grammar.
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Do you ever feel like you don't know enough about your own body?
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Subscribe to this channel to learn about everything from baldness to muscle growth to why we have hair in such random places.
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Stay tuned and stay curious.
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About This Lesson
In this lesson, learners will practice English speaking skills by delving into the fascinating topic of aging and its biological markers. You will explore how scientists measure aging through telomere length, DNA methylation, and inflammation. By shadowing this informative content, you will enhance your understanding of these complex concepts while improving your vocabulary and pronunciation. This lesson is perfect for those preparing for exams like IELTS or anyone seeking to strengthen their English speaking practice.
Key Vocabulary & Phrases
- Telomeres: Protective end sequences of DNA that shorten as cells divide.
- DNA methylation: A biochemical process that modifies gene expression and can vary with age.
- Epigenetic clocks: Tools used to estimate biological age based on DNA changes.
- Chronic inflammation: Persistent low-level inflammation that increases with age.
- Cellular senescence: The process where cells stop dividing and contribute to aging.
- Biological age: A measure of how well your body is functioning compared to chronological age.
Practice Tips
To maximize your learning experience with this shadowing site, here are some tailored practice tips:
- Slow it down: Use playback controls to slow down the video if needed. This will help you catch every word and phrase, especially when dealing with technical language.
- Repeat and imitate: After watching a segment, pause and repeat the speaker's phrases. Focus on their intonation and emphasis to mimic the natural flow of speech.
- Record yourself: Use a voice recorder to capture your shadow speak. Listening to your recordings will give you insight into areas needing improvement, such as pronunciation or pacing.
- Engage with vocabulary: Write down each key term, and then try to use them in your sentences. For example, describe how inflammation affects health in your own words.
- Group practice: If possible, gather with peers interested in English speaking practice. Discuss the video's content and share insights, which will improve your conversational skills in a relaxed setting.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.
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