Pratique du Shadowing: The Napoleonic Wars - OverSimplified (Part 1) - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
1
This video was made possible by NordVPN.
2
Stay safe online by clicking the link below
3
and get a huge discount off a two-year plan with a risk-free 30-day money-back guarantee.
4
Also, why not grab yourself a character pin of the little corporal himself before they sell out?
5
And big shout out to the patrons.
6
Head on over to learn about benefits such as Discord access and maybe even a little behind-the-scenes content.
7
Okay, Mrs. Bonaparte, this is it.
8
One last push and we're done.
9
Hing!
10
Congratulations!
11
It's a general!
12
Oh, and here comes the rest of the army now.
13
Uh, did you just say the rest of the army?
14
History is full of great conquerors, many with very impressive origin stories.
15
For example, Alexander the Great was the son of a king.
16
Julius Caesar came from an aristocratic family that descended from a goddess.
17
Great conquerors don't usually come from relatively insignificant families living on impoverished islands.
18
But as it just so happens, that is where our story begins.
19
In the early 18th century, the island of Corsica was a part of the Republic of Genoa until So one day Corsica said, hey, we're declaring independence and it's probably not worth your time to try and stop us.
20
So Genoa said, you're right, it isn't worth our time.
21
Hey France, you wanna buy this island?
22
And France said, sure thing.
23
And thus, Corsica became France, just in time for Napoleon to be born French.
24
Many Corsicans didn't appreciate their new conquerors however, and from an early age, Napoleon developed some fairly anti-French sentiments.
25
Napoleon's dad however, quickly embraced his new French overlords, which created some tension between dad and son.
26
Ooh, look at me, I'm dad.
27
I wear powdered wigs and silver buckled shoes and I'm a traitor to the Corsican people.
28
Go to your room, Napoleon.
29
No, you go to your room, dad.
30
Okay.
31
On the other hand, Napoleon adored his mother who was definitely the disciplinarian of the family.
32
And even though she would punish Napoleon severely, he kind of respected that.
33
But Napoleon's parents wanted the best for their family.
34
And since they were a very minor nobility, they were able to have Napoleon sent off to the shining lights and rat infested sewage puddles of the big city.
35
Napoleon went to military school in France.
36
Okay, Napoleon, why don't you introduce yourself to your new classmates?
37
Well, I'm Napoleon, and I hate all of you.
38
Your farts smell like cheese, you can't pronounce the letter R, all you do is go on strike, and you call eggs oofs, like a bunch of big, dumb, idiot dingleberries.
39
Okay.
40
Thanks, Napoleon.
41
I hope you like being bullied.
42
And bullied he was.
43
They picked on him for his Corsican accent, his family's lack of wealth, and it probably didn't help
44
that he also had a bit of a chip on his shoulder but he could hold his own, and on an average day, might be found dishing out ratatouille sandwiches for breakfast.
45
He spent much of his time alone, and he loved reading about the great conquerors of history.
46
He learned about Julius Caesar, and he wondered if one day he too might have a pizza franchise named after him.
47
He excelled at math and geography, and when he graduated at the age of 16, he was made second lieutenant in an artillery regiment.
48
Now, second lieutenant might sound pretty sweet to a screw-up like you, But Napoleon had a little something called ambition.
49
Stonks of it.
50
And he wasn't content being just some junior officer.
51
He wanted to rise the ranks.
52
Unfortunately for him, that would be a little difficult.
53
Well, Napoleon, I've reviewed your application.
54
It's clear you're very skilled and would be a perfect fit for the promotion.
55
And Simeon, you're just about the biggest idiot I've ever seen.
56
Your test results suggest you have the mental aptitude of a senile earthworm.
57
And in the part of the form where you list your experience, you seem to have drawn a picture of a gerbil giving birth to a shoe.
58
But your dad is the Marquis de la Fouffaillette, so you get the job.
59
French society was just too closed off.
60
Positions were handed out based on nobility, not talent, and the young Napoleon probably felt stuck.
61
Wouldn't it be nice if, say, a revolution came along and changed all of that?
62
Well, what are the chances?
63
The French Revolution is here.
64
Bastille toppling, head chopping, king popping.
65
The revolution promised to do away with the old social hierarchy and make everyone a little more equal.
66
Napoleon may not have cared much for the violent mobs, but if it meant he could rise the ranks, he was in.
67
He began fighting to defend the revolution.
68
He put down a British-sponsored counter-revolution in Toulon and got promoted.
69
He put down a royalist uprising in Paris and got promoted.
70
And as his military prowess became more recognized, he was even given his very own army.
71
It was astonishing progress for such a young man of humble origins, and Napoleon's wildest dreams were coming true.
72
But Napoleon also believed he could increase his social status if he married an older rich lady.
73
And so around this time, Napoleon went on the prowl.
74
However, if some sources are to be believed, he was a verified creep.
75
He reportedly had terrible luck with women, and most wanted nothing to do with him.
76
Fortunately, he eventually met Josephine, an aging single mother who was deeply in debt and needed stability.
77
So she agreed to marry him, despite finding him intensely disgusting.
78
Napoleon, you dirty dog.
79
You've done it.
80
Unbeknownst to Napoleon, however, Josephine had a bit of a promiscuous reputation.
81
Hey Napoleon, I hear you're marrying Josephine.
82
Boy, she sure is a great kisser.
83
That's right.
84
Hey, wait, what do you mean she's a great kisser?
85
Hey Hugo, you hear Napoleon's marrying Josephine?
86
Wow, she sure is a great kisser.
87
Now hang on just a minute.
88
Hey everyone, Napoleon's marrying Josephine.
89
Oh yeah, she's really good at kissing.
90
I'm pretty sure I kissed her just yesterday.
91
Oh for goodness sake, is there anyone here who hasn't kissed my wife?
92
Yeah.
93
You.
94
As Napoleon fell madly in love with his new wife, she fell madly in love with a man named Hippolyte.
95
It wouldn't be long, however, before Napoleon would leave home and go to war.
96
Because while France was having its revolution, tensions in Europe were rising.
97
Hey Austria, you'll never guess what we just did.
98
What's that, France?
99
I got two words for you.
100
Revo-lution.
101
We totally just socked it to our monarchy.
102
What?
103
Dude!
104
The rest of us are monarchies!
105
You've just totally threatened the balance of power in Europe!
106
Now we have to worry about our stinky peasants rising up against us!
107
I mean holy hell, your queen is...
108
Okay friends, this is pretty awkward, and the rest of Europe is probably itching to give you a wedgie.
109
But you're not ready for a war yet.
110
So you gotta be cool man.
111
It's absolutely crucial that you say something to defuse the situation right now.
112
Preposterous!
113
I declare war.
114
Sacre bleu!
115
So France ended up at war with basically the rest of Europe, and the War of the First Coalition began.
116
At first, France struggled, but then they started to do surprisingly well, and in many conquered territories, they began to establish sister republics,
117
exporting their revolutionary ideas across Europe.
118
In 1796, they planned a three-pronged attack to take Vienna and knock Austria out of the war, with two magnificent armies in the north to kick ass,
119
and Napoleon in the south as a bit of a diversion.
120
For the first time, Napoleon would lead a military campaign.
121
This was his chance to prove himself, to be somebody.
122
And what a general he proved to be.
123
The army he was given were demoralized, lacking equipment, and underpaid.
124
But Napoleon galvanized them with inspirational speeches, and he took them into Italy.
125
He was outnumbered, and his campaign was partially meant to be a sideshow, but he made it the main show.
126
While the two northern armies were being held back, Napoleon made staggering progress.
127
In a signature Napoleon move, he masterfully split his enemies into two and took them on separately, knocking Sardinia out of the war and putting the Austrians on the run.
128
At the famous Battle of Lodi, he was in the fray, aiming the cannons himself, getting covered in mud, and earning the total respect of his men.
129
They respected him so much that when he ordered an almost suicidal assault on the only bridge in town, his men threw themselves at it and took it despite fierce Austrian resistance.
130
For Napoleon, it was all he needed to confirm that he was the greatest human who had ever existed.
131
Wow Napoleon, you're pretty great at this military stuff.
132
Just be careful your head doesn't get too big.
133
What did you just say to me, you little prick?
134
And as Napoleon swept through northern Italy, the Italians cheered his arrival.
135
Yes, I'm here to liberate you from your cruel Austrian oppressors, and replace them with French ones.
136
Napoleon plundered as he went, sending riches back to France to help its economy, but also paying his men the first real money that's seen in years.
137
The Pope had been supporting the Austrians, so Napoleon briefly went to go give him a slap.
138
And as he began to approach Vienna, the exhausted Austrians were forced to make peace, with Napoleon overseeing negotiations himself.
139
He had just single-handedly knocked Austria out of the war.
140
And by the way, he was only 28, so maybe it's about time you moved out of your dad's attic.
141
In the Italian territories he had conquered, Napoleon established new French sister republics, even writing constitutions and organizing governments himself.
142
Not something a general generally does.
143
When he got back to France, he was hailed as a hero, and the extremely unpopular government were concerned he might get some power-hungry ideas.
144
So they agreed he should go far away from France to Egypt, where he could maybe undermine British access to India.
145
Napoleon was eager to win more glory, so he brought with him a team of scholars, and he was like, whoa, it's a freaky man-cat.
146
Whoa, it's a big stick.
147
Whoa, it's an ugly horse.
148
Whoa, it's a stumpy little manlet.
149
Hey, I'm actually average height for the time.
150
But then British Admiral Nelson came down and wrecked his fleet, and an Anglo-Ottoman force defeated him at Acre, so Napoleon abandoned his men and went back to France.
151
His campaign in Egypt hadn't gone quite as planned, but one thing you should know about Napoleon was that he was a skilled propagandist.
152
He published his own newspapers that sometimes exaggerated his achievements, and even commissioned paintings that generally made him look cool.
153
So when he returned to Paris, he was yet again hailed as a hero, and he began to get some power-hungry ideas.
154
However, he had a bit of a problem to deal with.
155
See, he had learned something shocking about his dear wife.
156
Really, Josephine?
157
This guy?
158
I'm just as tall as him.
159
I'm sorry.
160
I swear.
161
Now that you're becoming famous, I'll never do it again.
162
Make sure you don't.
163
I've never stooped so low as to cheat on you.
164
Now if you'll excuse me, I'll be in this room consulting my generals for the next 30 minutes.
165
And by consulting, I mean boinking.
166
By my generals, I mean this woman.
167
And by 30 minutes, I mean two seconds.
168
Having dealt with his wife, Napoleon was then approached by a very influential politician who said he had an idea.
169
He wanted to stage a coup against the deeply unpopular government and needed the extremely popular Napoleon's help.
170
And Napoleon thought that was just the darn Tutanist idea.
171
The plan was to trap the government and convince them to voluntarily give up their power.
172
And here's how they did it.
173
Hey guys, oh my gosh, quick!
174
There's a dangerous Jacobin plot to overthrow you which we definitely aren't just making up.
175
this cage so we can protect you.
176
Okay.
177
Gentlemen, we got him.
178
In this case, the cage was an isolated palace outside of Paris with no one around but Napoleon and his army.
179
With the government inside, Napoleon then entered and a pretty chaotic event ensued during
180
which the government didn't seem entirely sure what was going on, Napoleon's men didn't seem entirely sure what was going on, and Napoleon himself didn't seem entirely sure what was going on.
181
But thankfully, Napoleon's brother Lucien, president of the lower house, managed to regain control, and the remaining councilmen were intimidated into creating a new constitution.
182
And thus, a new government was formed, this time with three consuls in charge.
183
But after Napoleon did some rewriting, in the end, there was really only one man in charge, the first consul, him.
184
And over the next few years, he worked to consolidate even more power, and essentially became a dictator in total control of France.
185
And by the way, he was only 30, So maybe it's about time you washed your disgusting bedsheets.
186
France was now ruled by possibly the greatest military leader of the time.
187
Possibly the greatest? Or definitely?
188
Well, now is his chance to prove it.
189
See, back when Napoleon was still in Egypt being Indiana Jones, back home, France was in France being France.
190
They had conquered even more territory, and they were like, hey Piedmont, you get revolutionary ideals.
191
Hey Switzerland, you get revolutionary ideals.
192
And Rome, you get revolutionary ideals.
193
Everybody gets revolutionary- oh hey guys, nice sledgehammers and Naples.
194
Very cool nail gun.
195
You guys here to get some revolutionary ideas?
196
As France was still spreading the revolution and with Napoleon busy in Egypt, the European powers felt the time was right for round two.
197
And the war of the second coalition began.
198
And this time, their big bad boy buddy Russia was here to bang some French boys back to Bordeaux.
199
And bang them, they did.
200
France got blasted.
201
But then Russia pulled out after stolen in Switzerland.
202
And now that Napoleon was in charge of the country, he was ready to start blasting right back.
203
He took command of the army of the reserve, and he brought the fight to the Austrians.
204
Now, there are many traits that made Napoleon a great military leader.
205
I already mentioned one of them, how he was one of the boys and commanded the total loyalty of his men.
206
But now we see a second reason, the element of surprise.
207
In 1800, Napoleon moved to Geneva, and it looked like he was probably going to take on the Austrian forces in Germany.
208
There's no way he'd be crazy enough to move his entire
209
army south through the Alps as a surprise attack on the Austrians besieging Genoa.
210
Oh!
211
Napoleon's moving his entire army south through the Alps as a surprise attack on the Austrians besieging Genoa.
212
Napoleon's crossing of the Alps is legendary, and you may have seen one of the most famous paintings of the general, popping a sick wheelie on his majestic stallion surrounded by dangerous mountain terrain.
213
Of course, in real life, he made the crossing on a depressed mule.
214
But that's not as cool.
215
When he emerged in Italy, the Austrians expected him to come break their siege, but Napoleon went for their supply line near Milan,
216
forcing the Austrians to meet Napoleon head on at the famous Battle of Marengo.
217
The Austrians initially clobbered the outnumbered French, and they were like, hooray, we won.
218
But then a few hours later, Napoleon showed up again with an even bigger army, and he clobbered them right back.
219
Holy cow, this tiny little fun-sized French guy is running rings around us.
220
Hey, I'm average height for the time, you jerk!
221
Then, after General Moreau's victory at Hohenlinden, Vienna was exposed, and the Austrians again sued for peace.
222
Just like the War of the First Coalition, the Second Coalition ended in another French victory.
223
But in many ways, they both felt more like Napoleon victories.
224
Only the UK remained at war with Napoleon, and they were using their powerful navy to blockade French ports and were even seizing the cargoes of neutral ships.
225
Obviously, everyone else got pretty pissed that the British were interfering with their trade.
226
So in response, they formed a league and they embargoed the UK right back.
227
Neutral countries protecting their own interests?
228
That's offensive.
229
So Britain went to Copenhagen and blew a bunch of stuff up and the league disbanded.
230
But because the UK's economy was pretty bust, they decided to sign a treaty with France in 1802.
231
For the first time in a long time, Europe was at peace.
232
Congratulations, sire.
233
You've achieved peace.
234
Yes, Pierre, but not for long.
235
I still don't trust those dirty Brits.
236
Did you hear they've been calling me the bony man?
237
What does that even mean?
238
Keep an eye on them, would you?
239
I can't, sire.
240
Why not?
241
Because they use NordVPN.
242
How would you like to spend 12 hours a day on
243
your favorite website ever without the fear of your data being stolen?
244
Then you need NordVPN.
245
NordVPN has thousands of secure servers in 59 countries, allowing you to safely surf the net at the fastest possible speed,
246
while staying away from online threats thanks to the anti-malware tool CyberSec.
247
NordVPN comes with a 30-day money-back guarantee, and now you can take advantage of their new password manager, NordPass, and new encrypted cloud storage solution, NordLocker.
248
NordVPN lets you search for better deals in other territories and unlock content not available in your country, like some oversimplified videos, for example.
249
It's incredibly easy to use.
250
With just a click of a button, you can head up to Canada and watch some sweet Canadian TV.
251
Just like that.
252
Go to NordVPN.com slash Oversimplified to get a two-year plan plus one additional month with a huge discount.
253
That's NordVPN.com slash Oversimplified.
254
And as always, you'll be supporting my channel.
255
So thank you.
256
Now where were we?
257
Oh yeah.
258
Crossing the Alps.
259
Defeating the Austrians.
260
And Europe at peace.
261
What a meteoric rise it had been for the young Corsican.
262
He had just taken charge of a nation that appeared to be losing a war and turned it all around, securing French gains in Europe.
263
But there was now a big question.
264
You see, throughout the chaotic French Revolution, French governments had struggled to keep the economy afloat.
265
They often didn't have a whole lot of support and they frequently came and went.
266
Would Napoleon finally be the man who could stick around?
267
Military victories were one thing, because the general also governed.
268
Spoiler alert, yes.
269
The economy's crumbling?
270
Well then why don't you have yourself a new national bank, currency reform, and improved taxation and welfare systems?
271
The legal system is an incoherent mess?
272
Well then why don't we nicely wrap all those civil laws up into one new centralized legal code?
273
Corrupt government officials?
274
Throw them in the trash.
275
Bad infrastructure?
276
Throw it in the trash.
277
Woman's rights?
278
Throw them in the trash.
279
Wait, really?
280
Well, yeah, unfortunately, while Napoleon was building on the equality of the revolution, He also largely scaled back rights for certain groups,
281
and husbands had full legal control over their wives.
282
But, come on ladies, maybe let men have a slice of the pie for once, m'kay?
283
Napoleon further reformed education, ensuring a system based on individual ability, meaning now Simeon had to compete with everyone else,
284
and Napoleon could get the cream of the crop to help him run the Republic.
285
But he wasn't just building on the ideas of the revolution.
286
The revolution had led to a lot of chaos, and Napoleon needed stability.
287
So he rolled back a couple things, most notably with religion.
288
The revolution had pretty much kicked the Catholic Church to the curb, but Napoleon understood that since many French citizens still considered themselves Catholic, that could be a problem.
289
So he came to an agreement with the Pope and brought back the church, only this time with some pretty hefty power limitations.
290
He also ensured freedom for other religions, and is often noted for his positive treatment of Jewish people at a time of widespread anti-Semitism.
291
But while all of this may make Napoleon sound like a pretty stand-up dude, It's good to note that he believed in religious freedom
292
because he thought it was a powerful tool to keep the poor from eating the rich.
293
Or something like that.
294
Overall, Napoleon's aim was to end the chaos of the revolution and finally create a stable and prospering French Republic.
295
And in that aim, he seemed to be largely successful and generally popular with the people of France.
296
He officially declared that the revolution is over, adding, I am the revolution.
297
Napoleon's head could be seen for miles.
298
Of course, not everyone was happy with Napoleon's reforms.
299
Conservatives felt he was too radical, Radicals felt he was too conservative.
300
But since Napoleon was a dictator, opposition could usually be stamped out with some good old-fashioned iron fisting.
301
In 1804, Napoleon took one last major step.
302
After some failed attempts were made to assassinate him, he wanted to strengthen his position and ensure his dynasty could live on after him.
303
And so he decided being first consul for life simply wasn't quite enough.
304
He decided he should become emperor.
305
He held a vote, asking the French people if they were cool with the idea, and they returned a definitely not rigged 99.9% in favor.
306
The balls on this man.
307
And so on the 2nd of December, 1804, in an elaborate ceremony at Notre Dame, Napoleon was made emperor.
308
The Pope was even invited to attend, and normally he would crown an emperor.
309
But to make sure everyone knew this wasn't some Charlemagne-style circular power division, Napoleon lifted the crown and placed it on his own head.
310
Like I said, the balls on this man.
311
He was now emperor of the French.
312
Well, Napoleon, you were a general.
313
Then he became first consul for life.
314
And now you're an emperor.
315
Is it enough yet?
316
Is your ambition finally satisfied?
317
Hmm, I don't know, Pierre.
318
What comes after emperor?
319
I would say god, sire.
320
You want to be a god?
321
Yes.
322
I'll put it down under maybe.
323
Okay, everyone.
324
What the hell is going on?
325
This coarse-skinned guy showed up out of nowhere and he's kicking our ass!
326
He's exporting the ideas of the French Revolution wherever he goes and he just declared himself King of Italy and Emperor.
327
He can't do that!
328
I'm the Emperor!
329
Oh, hey fellow monarchs.
330
I see you're having a monarch party.
331
My invite must have got lost in the mail.
332
I'll just set up a spot right here.
333
Wow, you don't belong here Napoleon.
334
We're coming to take you down.
335
I'd like to see you try.
336
Oh, I'm so scared I just pooed my pants.
337
Hey everyone, I just pooed my pants!
338
No, but I did just poo my pants.
339
Before Napoleon had even declared himself Emperor, the British had already re-declared war on France because both sides had been violating their previous treaty.
340
Napoleon immediately occupied Hanover
341
and then began making plans for a great British invasion partially
342
paid for by selling a huge chunk of land to the United States.
343
Napoleon gathered his army along the English Channel.
344
But here was the problem.
345
While Napoleon's powerful army would almost certainly obliterate the British on land, there was very little chance he'd actually make it across the Channel.
346
Because Britannia ruled the waves.
347
This power dynamic would keep the two traditional enemies from engaging in much real direct combat throughout the Napoleonic Wars.
348
However, the British had something else up their sleeve.
349
Copious amounts of money.
350
They were willing to throw cash at anyone who would go to war against Napoleon, and there were plenty of takers.
351
Austria, Russia, Naples, and Sweden, hoping to put Napoleon's France back in its place, formed a third coalition against France.
352
The coalition forces probably thought that this time they stood a chance.
353
They weren't prepared for the total humiliation they were about to suffer.
354
The war of the third coalition was Napoleon at his best.
355
We've already learned two ways in which Napoleon was a great military commander, but here comes one of the biggest reasons.
356
Speed.
357
He had reorganized his army into corps, which were themselves, basically, small armies.
358
Each had their own infantry, cavalry, and artillery, and as a result, was able to act more independently.
359
They spread out through the countryside, and by living off the land, rather than relying on heavy supply trains, they were able to move extremely quickly.
360
Napoleon would traverse massive distances, outmaneuver his enemies, isolate them, and then move in for the kill, before they even knew what was going on.
361
Lightning warfare leading to total destruction.
362
Would you like to see him do it?
363
Here we go.
364
Part of the coalition's plan was for the Russians to meet up with the Austrians and take on Napoleon together.
365
Combined, they could turn the tide against him, so Napoleon needed to stop them from ever meeting.
366
But he's all the way over in Boulogne.
367
No problem.
368
In a matter of weeks, Napoleon marched 200,000 men in secret, encircling Austrian General Mack and capturing his entire army.
369
A devastating blow.
370
Napoleon later remarked, I have destroyed the Austrian army by simply marching.
371
Next, he turned to face the approaching Russians.
372
Okay, it looks like the French are coming for us, but check this out, I've got an amazing idea.
373
When they approach, we run away.
374
Sir, you're a genius.
375
The Russians began to retreat with Napoleon giving chase, and since his tactics relied on quick victories, this could be a problem.
376
Especially because the longer the war went on, the more likely it looked other countries may join the coalition against him.
377
But Napoleon knew the Russian Tsar, Alexander I, was young and seeking glory.
378
So he came up with an idea to lure him in.
379
He sent him a message.
380
What does it say?
381
Um, it says, hello, I'm just a little baby boy, and I'm very scared.
382
Are you talking like that, or is he?
383
He is, sir.
384
Why is he doing that?
385
I don't know, but it's very cute, helpless, and vulnerable.
386
Hmm, a little baby boy, eh?
387
Very scared, eh?
388
Cute, eh?
389
Boris, get my crossbow.
390
We're going hunting.
391
The Allied forces turned to face Napoleon, who they now believed was in a vulnerable position.
392
He was set up at Austerlitz, and to make it look like he was retreating, he had even evacuated the high ground.
393
A thick fog set in, obscuring Napoleon's center as the Allies took the bait and set up on the heights.
394
From there, they spotted Napoleon's very weak-looking right flank, and they descended the heights to go get it.
395
Little did they know, it was exactly what Napoleon was hoping they'd do.
396
The next thing they knew, a large French force was emerging from the fog, launching a huge central assault up the hill.
397
They swung around, crushing the Allies, and as men attempted to flee across the frozen lakes, Napoleon ordered his artillery to fire on the ice,
398
causing an unknown number to drown.
399
But he told me he was just a little baby boy.
400
What happened?
401
He tricked you sir.
402
You mean, I was the little baby boy all along.
403
It was Napoleon's masterpiece, and Austria were once again forced to make peace with France.
404
Then, with the French conquest of Naples in 1806, the War of the Third Coalition ended as yet another Napoleon victory.
405
This was the third time Napoleon had had to give Austrian Emperor Francis a good spanking.
406
And so, with the peace treaty in 1805, Napoleon was determined to punish him.
407
He was forced to give up territory, hand over significant compensation, and promised never to fight Napoleon again.
408
For now, Russia, Sweden, and the UK remained at war with France, but none were able to offer much of a threat.
409
And so, Napoleon got to work strengthening his grip over Europe.
410
He gave out rule of captured territories to his family and friends, and most notably, he established a new confederation in Germany with himself as its protector.
411
Seeing his influence in Germany being wiped away, Emperor Francis acknowledged reality and officially dissolved the Holy Roman Empire,
412
an entity that had existed for over a thousand years.
413
But it wasn't all good news for Napoleon.
414
For one thing, Spain had earlier allied with France in 1804
415
because the British just couldn't help themselves from blowing up Spanish ships, and Napoleon hoped a combined French-Spanish fleet would eventually be able to invade England.
416
Unfortunately, he received word that British Admiral Nelson had engaged his fleet at Trafalgar.
417
Normally, naval battles looked like this, but in this case, Nelson did this.
418
Was it because he was an idiot?
419
No, it's because he was a genius.
420
He successfully punched through the Franco-Spanish line and unleashed hell.
421
His victory ensured British control of the sea and his death during the battle made him a legend.
422
Napoleon's hopes for a future British invasion were gone.
423
But not just that, Napoleon was also hoping to secure peace on the continent, but that wasn't looking likely because the Prussian king was under pressure from his wife, Frederick.
424
He's established a confederation in our turf and he told us he'd give us Hanover, but then offered it to the British.
425
You have to declare war on him.
426
What is it with you and war?
427
What is it with you and being a cupcake?
428
Go to war!
429
Okay.
430
In October 1806, Prussia, with its famed military tradition, joined the coalition and declared war, beginning the war of the Fourth Coalition.
431
Unfortunately, Prussian King Frederick William III wasn't the smartest tool in the shed.
432
Look at him over there, being all French.
433
Makes me sick.
434
Boys, we'll get him this time.
435
But here's the thing.
436
This time, we have to stick together.
437
Do not under any circumstances face Napoleon by yourself.
438
You all saw what happened to Austri- Hey, where'd Fred go?
439
Hey, you jerk.
440
Think you're some kind of big shot?
441
Huh?
442
Want to tangle with Fred?
443
You don't got the cojones.
444
We're screwed.
445
Without consulting its allies, Prussia had gone ahead and sent Napoleon an ultimatum, demanding he move all his forces out of Germany.
446
Now, some of you watching this video probably can't even wipe your own bum bum yet, but even you know you don't just send Napoleon an ultimatum.
447
Obviously, Napoleon went in for the kill.
448
Prussia's army was quite outdated, so when they met Napoleon at the twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt, it wasn't even close.
449
Even Marshal Davout's heavily outnumbered corps at Auerstedt sent the Prussians running, and Napoleon carried out a ruthless pursuit of his fleeing enemy,
450
taking Berlin and within a single month decimating the Prussian forces.
451
Frederick William and the remnants of his army moved to the east.
452
At this point, Napoleon's forces were pretty tired.
453
Winter had come and conditions were miserable.
454
He anticipated both sides would settle into winter quarters, but Russia decided to try their hand at an unexpected winter attack.
455
A series of brutal battles followed that took a heavy toll on both sides, including the vicious Battle of Aylac, fought in blizzard conditions.
456
Men froze to death, and many deserted.
457
The Russian artillery tore the French to shreds, and Napoleon himself was momentarily under risk of being captured.
458
In the end, the French army was saved thanks to a legendary cavalry charge by Napoleon's flamboyant cavalry commander, Murat.
459
After the horror inflicted on both sides, they decided it might be a good idea not to do any more fighting until after winter.
460
Then, after winter came, and the fighting continued.
461
The Russians were pushed back to Friedland, where Russian General Benigsen made a bit of a blunder by positioning himself with the Aloe River to his back.
462
The French artillery were able to pin the Russians between the river and their concentrated gunfire, a major element in Napoleon's fighting style,
463
and many Russians drowned as they tried to escape.
464
War of the Fourth Coalition.
465
Napoleon.
📺 Même chaîne
B21
The First Punic War - OverSimplified (Part 1)
TeensDaily Conversation
B22
RECAP: First Punic War
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B29
The American Revolution - OverSimplified (Part 2)
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C1Three Kingdoms - OverSimplified
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Hitler - OverSimplified (Part 1)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Hitler - OverSimplified (Part 2)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
The American Civil War - OverSimplified (Part 1)
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
WW1 - Oversimplified (Part 1)
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B21
The Russian Revolution - OverSimplified (Part 1)
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B21
Henry VIII - OverSimplified
Cambridge Exam PrepUniversity Students
B12
WW2 - OverSimplified (Part 1)
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B26
WW2 - OverSimplified (Part 2)
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B28
The Cold War - OverSimplified (Part 1)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
✨ Vidéo recommandée
B22
151 phrases
2,000 Years of Chinese History! The Mandate of Heaven and Confucius: World History #7
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B23
249 phrases
George Washington: Father of His Country | From British Soldier to Victorious General
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B27
61 phrases
Character arc
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B21
118 phrases
Napoleon Bonaparte in 10 MINUTES
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
245 phrases
The ENTIRE Story of The Odyssey Explained
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B22
172 phrases
The Persians & Greeks: Crash Course World History #5
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B24
27 phrases
Spearos - "I Can Explain" - Stick War
High School StudentsUniversity Students
B28
259 phrases
Meet WW2's Villains
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B14
61 phrases
Thomas Jefferson Made Easy | American History
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B14
144 phrases
COUNTRYBALLS: WORLD WAR ONE (part 1)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette vidéo contient 465 phrases et 5454 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 29:28. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 185 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. Seuls 79 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| coalition nom | /koʊ.əˈlɪʃ.ən/ | coalition |
| emperor nom | /ˈɛmp(ə)ɹə/ | empereur |
| revolutionary nom | /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/ | révolutionnaire |
| ally nom | /ˈæl.aɪ/ | allié, alliée |
| marry verbe | /ˈmæɹi/ | se marier, épouser |
| whoa | /woʊ/ | ho, holà |
| pants nom | /pænts/ | pantalon |
| ideal adjectif | /aɪˈdi(ə)l/ | idéal |
| trash nom | /tɹæʃ/ | déchet |
| fleet nom | /ˈfliːt/ | flotte |
| treaty nom | /ˈtɹiti/ | traité |
| consult verbe | /ˈkɑnsʌlt/ | se concerter |
| cavalry nom | /ˈkæ.vəl.ɹi/ | cavalerie |
| conquer verbe | /ˈkɑŋkɚ/ | conquérir |
| element nom | /ˈɛləmənt/ | élément |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| give up verbe | se rendre | |
| put down verbe | médire | |
| blow up verbe | faire sauter | |
| bring back verbe | /ˈbɹɪŋ bæk/ | ramener, rapporter |
| carry out verbe | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | sortir, transporter dehors |
| come along verbe | accompagner, venir | |
| come down verbe | descendre, tomber | |
| come up with verbe | inventer, imaginer |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | was made · be born · being bullied |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | I've reviewed · I've ever seen · You've done |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | man who could · anyone who would · corps, which were |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 92 contractions et formes réduites, comme I'm, don't, you're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: thick /θɪk/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: coalition /koʊ.əˈlɪʃ.ən/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, trash /tɹæʃ/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: coalition /koʊ.əˈlɪʃ.ən/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, artillery /ɑɹˈtɪləɹi/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme coalition, emperor, revolutionary.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.