शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown | Punjab, India | S03 E01 | All Documentary - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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Hello, hello, hello, hello, hello, hello, hello, hello, hello, hello, hello, hello, hello, hello, hello,
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hello, hello, hello, hello, hello, hello, hello, hello, hello,
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I took a while Through this beautiful world Felt the cool rain on my shoulder
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Bouncing in here In this beautiful world I felt the rain getting colder Sha -la -la -la,
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Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la,
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Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la, Sha -la -la -la, Sha -la -la, Sha -la -la, Sha -la -la, Sha -la -la,
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Sha -la -la, Sha -la -la,
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Sha -la -la
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This house came to be built by Dr. Blake, who was in the East India Company service.
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My grandfather came to be nominated to the body called the Council of State, which used to be a part of British India.
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It was another time.
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one that few still remember the india before partition when these rooms this house was part of the seat of power
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i had the privilege of being born in this house upstairs
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this was the maharaj's bed i mean his chambers at present
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and it was the routine
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that we'd all parade up into my grandfather's room to wish him good morning
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and then we'd all come down for breakfast the walls tell
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a story many stories they used to be a lot of animosity they were two very divided classes in india
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so there was a lot of tension between the ruled and the rulers But that was a different time, you know.
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Now I think back and it's more like a fairy tale.
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Day one in northern India, near the Pakistan border.
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This is Amritsar, the Indian Punjab's largest city.
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Population, about a million.
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This is a part of India I've never seen, a place I've always been curious about.
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Home to some pretty legendary cuisine.
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In Amritsar they have a say.
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The best food isn't cooked in people's homes.
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You find it on the streets.
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Punjabis are known for their adventurous spirit as brave warriors who spread throughout the world bringing great food with them.
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In fact, much of the good stuff we refer to simply as Indian food comes from here.
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the punjab of the early 20th century saw some of the most violent resistance to british rule
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and when the british finally cashed out in 1947 they carved off a huge piece what is now Pakistan.
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And it remains a potential flashpoint for conflict.
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But that's easy to forget when you first smell the food.
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Good.
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There we go.
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Qasar da Daba.
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Daba meaning side -of -the -road food stall.
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And there are, like, countless Dabas to choose from in this town.
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But this one is legendary.
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Let's see Tony eat vegetables and like it.
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You eat around this part of the world, Punjab in particular, get used to eating a lot of vegetarian.
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Chickpeas, doug.
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And India is one of the few places on earth where even for me, that's not a burden.
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Ooh, what's that?
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Oh, I'll take that.
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Yeah, right here, my good man.
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Mmm, that's good sod.
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In the Punjab meat or no meat, you're almost guaranteed a free -for -all of intense colors, flavors, and spices.
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Unlike some of the joyless vegetarian restaurants, in my sad experience, the vegetables here are actually spicy, all taste different, different textures,
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and served with extraordinarily good bread.
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It's got this multi -tiered crispy on the outside, chewy in the middle.
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It's a whole different experience.
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If this was what vegetarianism meant in most of the places
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that practice it in the west i'd be at least half
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as much less of a dick about the subject look hippie
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if you made bread this good i might eat at your restaurant
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Around here, one of the first things you notice that's different from the rest of India, turbans.
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Everywhere.
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The symbol of self -respect, bravery, and spirituality for Sikh men.
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Amritsar is the home, the spiritual center of the Sikh faith, the world's fifth largest and maybe most misunderstood religion.
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In the heart of Amritsar stands the majestic golden temple, the Sikh equivalent of the Vatican.
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Sikhs are fundamentally against any caste system, believers in religious tolerance.
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But they are just as fundamentally warlike when it comes to defending their principles and what they see as their territory.
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Welcome to Golden Temple.
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Thank you.
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Today is a Guru Pura, one of the most auspicious days of the Sikh calendar.
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Pilgrims from all over the world come to worship, walk the perimeter, and bathe in the holy pool.
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All are welcome, of any faith or caste, to remove their shoes, wash their feet,
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cover their heads, and take part in a simple meal.
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This is the langar, a free vegetarian meal served to many thousands of visitors from every walk of life, every day of the year.
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They serve 16 hours a day?
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16 hours a day.
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For how many years?
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Continuously.
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300 years?
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300 years.
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Everyone doing the cooking, the serving, the washing of thousands and thousands of metal plates and utensils, are volunteers.
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The sound is extraordinary.
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we have a teaching that everyone should serve all three things money mind
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and body right should be served to other people free of cost
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and that's what we do walking me through it all today don't want singh now for a religion that's
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so concerned with tolerance where does the grand punjab military tradition come from, because it's a very, very powerful one.
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So powerful people, so hard -working people.
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Every Sikh you see, if he's baptized, he wears a small sword.
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In our Prophet, when we get baptized, he says, you must protect yourself, you must protect others, and you must protect your country, so that makes us what we are.
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Morning.
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The smoke from countless burning fields covers Amritsar in a thick haze.
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the ancient art of pilwani evolved from indian wrestling techniques that date back to the 5th century bc Ready, start.
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Training is rigid, as this is not just a sport, but a way of life.
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Wrestlers live and train together and have strict rules of diet and personal conduct.
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No smoking, no drinking, no contact with women.
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Here we go.
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I took high school wrestling, actually, so that I could get out of gym class.
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I was a dirty, dirty fighter.
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it is an all too natural segue between the aggressive posturing of opposing bodies of
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and this the entire border between india and pakistan has only one crossing
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here at Wagam.
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Every sunset, the border is officially closed with this bit of national theater.
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Wearing nearly duplicate uniforms, the Indian military and Pakistani rangers partake in a game of theatrical contempt.
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Clearly, it's a popular show. So, where are we?
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We are right next to Pakistan.
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India and Pakistan were once one country, ripped apart in one of the hastiest, ill -considered partitions imaginable.
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Beyond there, no more fence?
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No more fences.
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So, once you get past there, you can go straight into Pakistan if you want.
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See, the problem is, the thing is, India is trying to stop people from coming in.
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The infiltrators, you know, drug dealers and treasurers.
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Uday is working on a documentary about the India -Pakistan border.
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No one wants to go into Pakistan.
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No one wants to go into Pakistan.
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No one wants to, in their right mind, wants to go into Pakistan.
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Well, really?
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That's a fairly decisive statement.
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So they put up the fence, but the fence is on the Indian side.
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Yeah, it's 150 meters from the border.
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Right, so beyond that fence, still Indian farmland.
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Yes.
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So people who live over here can farm over there.
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Can farm over there.
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The Punjab is a fertile region in an otherwise very dry country.
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This is India's bread basket.
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With over a billion people currently residing in India, every inch of fertile Punjabi soil has great value.
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These are people who owned land over there.
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Yes.
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Then they put the fence.
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Yes.
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Suddenly your life became difficult.
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Exactly.
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They are restricted by many things.
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They can only grow some kind of crops, and they can't farm more than eight hours in a day.
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How long does it take to get back and forth?
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The border security force mans these gates, so they have times, you know, when they can enter and come out.
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How much farther can we go before they start to get worried?
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Yeah, I think we can just go to the pole.
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When India and Pakistan were separated, the attempt was to try to draw a line across religious lines.
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Exactly.
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Drained by the colossal task of fighting two world wars, in 1947, Great Britain decided to end their nearly 200 -year rule over India.
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In an attempt to prevent what the colonials saw as an inevitable civil war between Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs, the British commissioned Sir Cyril Radcliffe,
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a lawyer from Wales, to draw up a new border.
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He was given two months, you know.
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Two months to divide.
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Two months to divide.
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Create a new country, basically.
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So he took the map and just did a line.
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You know, people died because of the displacement.
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Unofficially, they say it's two million people.
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You know, when Jains fight, the minos get trampled upon.
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In one of the largest exchanges of populations in history, many millions of people fled their homes.
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Almost immediately, religious violence broke out on a mass scale.
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This is exactly what the partition had been intended to avoid.
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Do people here still have families over there?
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Yeah, they do.
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When the line was drawn, there were villages which were split into halves.
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There are some houses where you enter from India and you exit from Pakistan.
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Really?
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Yes.
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Wow.
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This part of Punjab and that part of Punjab, they're one state.
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So the culture, the eating habits, it was very similar.
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Well, that's a popular metaphor for India.
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Pakistan is twins separated at birth.
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They were never twins.
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I mean, it was one country.
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You can say dismembered.
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If you cut a body in two, they're not going to become twins.
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Right.
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it's sad you know you you can see them i mean they're doing the same work as you're doing
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they dress the same they look the same
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but then you can't talk to them it is an ongoing
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struggle an enduring cause of paranoia visible all across the region two nations with atomic arsenals who have showed if nothing else,
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a terrifying willingness to use them.
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From the horrific 2006 train bombings to the militant attacks in Mumbai.
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The threat of terrorism along this border is a daily concern.
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want something good really really good
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when an amretzer something local regional iconically wonderful you can't say
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you've had the amretzer experience until you've had a little culture
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in your life kocha this is the iconic dish of punjab yes that's the speciality here
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kocha a perfect little flavor bomb of wheat dough pressed against
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the side of a very very hot clay oven slathered with butter
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and served with a spicy chole a chickpea curry on the side did i mention the butter
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delicious everyone in amritzer seems to be an expert on culture
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including this lady navroop very very very good generally speaking Punjabis are famous for being a warrior class.
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Taller?
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Bigger?
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Yes, they're big.
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Still, maybe not fighters so much, but still eaters.
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Oh, yeah.
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Big time, yes.
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The religion doesn't matter.
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Food is religion here.
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Checking off my list of things to do in the Punjab, I got to score some animal protein.
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It's time.
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I've been going all Morrissey for like two days now, and frankly, that's enough.
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I need chicken.
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Like, we are in the ass, end of nowhere here.
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Where am I?
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It's known as veera chicken.
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It's very famous for chicken.
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When we're talking must -haves, tandoori chicken is just that.
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Add some lemon in this.
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You'll enjoy it.
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Oh, man, it's delicious.
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This type of establishment, dhaba?
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Dhaba.
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It's called dhaba.
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You know, this is the most successful business here.
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Anybody, you open a dava tomorrow, it will be a success.
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But if you're going to do chicken, you better be good.
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Yeah, it's a good place for that.
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Would you like to have something else?
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There's like a roti with a ground mutton or a ground...
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That's called naan.
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That's butter naan.
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Kima naan.
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Mutton ball, dough.
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And the special ingredients, magic hands.
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and believe me when i tell you this shit is good
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so good that people snap it up the second it comes out of the tandoor up hey that's mine
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is it good it's sensational wow people do love their food definitely i love eating
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The movies and television in this country is fantastic.
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Thousands of films are made per year.
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I don't even understand why, what's going on.
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I mean, everybody dances and sings.
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I don't get it.
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Would you like to have something else?
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Oh, this is good.
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Mmm.
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Mmm.
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Oh, yeah.
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Mmm.
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Wow.
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Oh, yeah.
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La cevabah.
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Mmm, that's good.
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Thank you.
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No, nothing.
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Thank you.
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It's delicious. So good.
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Leaving the fertile plains of the Punjab behind, I'm headed out towards the Himalayas.
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And getting here, at least the way I'm going, hasn't changed much in the last hundred years.
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All aboard.
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Oh, this is going to be suboptimal seating.
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Yeah, I don't think this reclines.
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Thank God they have relaxed attitudes towards prescription drugs.
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Before you enter the gateway to the Himalayas, you better self -medicate.
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Meanwhile, I've been like 24 hours without a bite of food.
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I arrive, it's like, oh, well, there's snacks on the way.
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Great.
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Get a bag of peanuts.
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Truth be told, I'm an angry, bitter man when I board.
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I'm guessing there ain't a Shonies or a P .F.
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Chang on the way.
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It's kind of cute.
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A little train.
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It's so little.
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It's the Universal Tours.
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I'm going to King Kong ride.
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While my stomach growls, I become the kind of traveller I warn against.
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gripey, self -absorbed, immune to my surroundings.
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But as my brightly colored little train heads up into the hills from Kalka Station, known as the gateway to the Himalayas, my worldview starts to improve.
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The unnaturally bright colors of India start to pleasurably saturate my brain.
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The views from the window of ridiculously deep valleys, hundred -year -old bridges.
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It's well...
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Breathtaking.
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My fellow passengers, too, are irresistibly charming.
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The school kids in their uniforms cheer in unison every time we pass through one of the tunnels.
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I'd pretty much forgotten about my hunger until the whistles stopped at Barog.
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One of those and two of these.
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This place is named for a Colonel Barog, the British engineer tasked with building the line up to Shimla.
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Thank you.
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The station and the adjacent tunnel bearing his name are rumored to be haunted.
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It's delicious.
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Already behind schedule and plagued by cost overruns, Barogh screwed up.
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When he realized the two ends of this tunnel didn't meet in the middle, he shot himself.
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It's the kind of personal accountability I'd like to see more of, frankly.
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Or is that just me?
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But all my snarkiness fades as I reflect, and one can't help but reflect, on what it took to dig, drag, blast, and tunnel one's way up this route back in the day.
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Back in the beginning, making the trip to Shimla required a somewhat uncomfortable three -day trek up the mountain by foot, or horse, or hand -carried palanquin.
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The stats are impressive.
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The climb of around 5 ,000 feet.
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Over 100 tunnels.
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More than 800 bridges.
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An engineering feat, a job that when you consider the time, defies imagining.
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In the building of this railroad, many died.
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Many, many died.
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When you look at that painting When you stand out front in the garden and look out at the view,
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can you picture the way it was?
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I've been to many places where it reminded me of what similar it had been
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when the British first came and settled there.
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I have a penchant for such places.
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it is a kind of a throb
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that i feel fond memories of british rule maybe not what you'd expect to hear
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but kawaratinjit singh that's reggie for short his family was different
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indian royalty with palaces the one percent of the one percent
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so life for reggie as a young boy was relative to the millions and millions of others his age, enchanted.
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Shimla is from a time before partition, when nearly the entire ruling class of British India would move to hill stations in the hotter months.
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Shimla was once known as the queen of all hill stations.
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Here the colonials created England in miniature,
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complete with Tudor architecture, rose gardens, afternoon tea.
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My grandfather.
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It's very difficult to describe what did he do.
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Well, quite frankly, he did nothing.
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But he entertained hugely.
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Garden parties, fancy dress balls, elephant hunts.
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The remnants of British rule can still be seen and felt.
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This is particularly true of one house, Chapsley.
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The house was purchased by Reggie's grandfather, the last Maharaja of Kapoorthala.
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Those Brits really left beautiful buildings.
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From a distance, it looks much the same as it must have when the Maharaja slept here.
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Check out the tub.
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Locked in a constant battle against time and nature, barbed wire does little to keep Shimla's ever -encroaching monkey population at bay.
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Stripped of their wealth and their kingdoms, the one -time royals all across India have had to either sell their estates or,
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like Reggie, turn them into hotels and guest houses in order to hold on.
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Ring a buzzer, and a servant appears.
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Then they bring hot water bottles at night, put them under the covers.
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Butters keep popping in, build a nice fire.
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Man.
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A great facet of my childhood was how my grandfather entertained.
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His table came to be known as perhaps the most famous in northern India because he was a gourmet connoisseur of food.
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Tonight, dinner at Chapsley, an elaborate Anglo -Indian menu from Reggie's childhood.
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I'll put on my apron first.
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My fellow guests, two of Reggie's friends, Raja Basin, a historian on the subject of Shimla, and Rakesh Varlalsud, the barrister.
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There's so much history here.
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I mean, while I take a dim view of colonialization, it's very hard to resist the charms of a house like this.
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That's quite understandable, actually.
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You've got 100 years of very, very intense history funneled into a very small place
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and this house used to house the secretary of state to the crowd what am i eating this is eggs of florentine
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oh that's good this was a small town a small town
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with a very very big government Simla enjoys the unique distinction of having been the summer capital of India and,
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surprisingly, it was the capital of Burma during the war days.
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So here you have this tiny little village up on the
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hill connected to the rest of the world by a narrow mountain path
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and they rule approximately a fifth of the human race for eight months every year.
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In today's context, it would almost seem bizarre.
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Mulgatani soup, classic example of what we think of as Indian food in the West, but not at all.
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This was originally a soup made by Indian chefs to accommodate British tastes, is that correct?
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It was something what you would call halfway between a regular dal, a lentil, which you would eat, and a broth.
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Glassy chops.
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Mutton, glassy chops.
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Basically meat cooked in its own fat, and it would have a lot of curry on it.
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It's a misnomer, this meat is not actually mutton, it's a chevron.
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Here, back before the rail line, it would be a difficult trip.
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Yes.
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But once they were up and running, I mean there were many servants to look after your every
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need you had a fireplace a hearth in every room
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and people on the regular payrolls whose only job was to
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shoo monkeys off the grounds wow you would be carried around in palanquins little box in
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which you sat in a curtained box this man would go stamping his staff in the ground
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and the bells would jingle and the common folk would give way
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and normally they were not even supposed to look in the
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direction it was bad manners right it wasn't easy for the people who built the town it was india
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that paid the bill for all this grandeur for all this
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pump for all the show they did it at our expense and with our money
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at the end of the meal there's coffee brandy and cigars in the sitting room as one does or once did
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I hope you enjoyed the dinner too.
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Oh, very much.
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It was delicious.
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Really wonderful.
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Lot of history in this house.
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And one can be forgiven for maybe briefly forgetting what it took to build this lost kingdom.
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And how much the world has changed around it.
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The monkey temple looks down on Shimla, overrun by its namesakes.
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Twisting up further into the Himalayas, I find myself at a place known as the Land of the Gods, nearly every village credited with having its own deity.
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Getting there, you might well have an opportunity to meet one of those deities as you tear around narrow,
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guardrail -free mountain roads overlooking terrifying drop -offs.
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I could do heights, like, you know, I've done the jumping out of planes thing a number of times.
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But I feel it, you know, like, looking over a precipice like that one, I feel it on my knees.
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You know, like, if my knees could vomit with terror, they would be.
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They'd be vomiting with terror right now.
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They should have little underwear stops on this road, you know, where you could, like, get a fresh pair.
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Every couple of miles, it's like, ooh, that was scary.
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Overloaded buses, water trucks with worn brake pads, aggressive truck drivers can come wailing around the corner at any time.
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And they do, about every two minutes.
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Squeeze your cheeks tight and close your eyes.
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Oh, the enchantment of India.
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The remote locations of these isolated mountain villages has kept old traditions alive.
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Village fairs serve as an opportunity for families who live very far apart to get together,
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play games, eat, and partake in religious rites honoring local deities.
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Quite a ride getting here.
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Yeah.
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How do you enjoy that road?
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White knuckles.
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Meet Hashim.
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He runs motorcycle tours through these parts.
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The Himalayas is the holy grail of motorcycling.
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You're traveling almost 1 ,500 kilometers on a trip.
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It's so unbelievably beautiful and diverse.
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So what do we got here, vegetable curry?
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Yogurt -based curry, quite typical in these parts.
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Vegetables, again?
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Surprisingly, not a problem.
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That was good.
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This is one of the few places in the world that I could eat vegetarian every day.
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Yeah?
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I'd still be happy.
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Most of the people in this community, farmers, farming, agricultural?
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What are they growing?
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They do a lot of corn, potatoes, peas.
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And weed, people growing marijuana.
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Yes, loads of it.
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As an export product or for personal use?
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Everything, mix of everything.
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So you think you want to go check out the fair a little?
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Yeah, let's take a walk through town and see what's going on.
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Predominantly an occasion for all these mountain villages to come together, and, you know, specialize because, I mean, people are busy in their farms.
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They're not going to come and walk down and socialize with people.
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But this, you know, because it's.. autumn everyone is done with all the agriculture now
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they're just bedding down for winter there's a lot of romance
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in the air i've been to mumbai kolkata sandra bonds rajasthan
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kerala this is a part of india it's different than any other part look it's it's fascinating and beautiful
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Oh, yeah.
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Sweet.
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Yeah.
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Wow.
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It's moving.
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Let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it,
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let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it, let's do it,
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let's do
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Thank you for listening.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown” पर आधारित है। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 420 वाक्य और 4219 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 41:28 लंबा है। वक्ता धीरे बोलता है, लगभग 102 शब्द प्रति मिनट, इसलिए हर ध्वनि की नकल करने का समय मिलता है। केवल 80% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| delicious विशेषण | /dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/ | स्वादिष्ट, लज़ीज़ |
| tunnel संज्ञा | /ˈtʌn(ə)l/ | सुरंग |
| fence संज्ञा | /fɛns/ | बाड़ |
| grandfather संज्ञा | /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌfɑðɚ/ | दादा, नाना |
| curry संज्ञा | /ˈkʌ.ɹi/ | करी, सालन |
| vegetarian संज्ञा | /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/ | शाकाहारी |
| meal संज्ञा | /ˈmiːl/ | भोजन, जेमन |
| temple संज्ञा | /ˈtɛm.pl̩/ | मंदिर, मठ |
| butter संज्ञा | /ˈbʌtɚ/ | घी, मक्खन |
| twin संज्ञा | /twɪn/ | जुड़वाँ, यमज |
| divide क्रिया | /dɪˈvaɪd/ | बांटना |
| vegetable संज्ञा | /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/ | सब्ज़ी, तरकारी |
| partition संज्ञा | /pɑɹˈtɪ.ʃən/ | बँटवारा, विभाजन |
| fertile विशेषण | /ˈfɝːtəl/ | उपजाऊ |
| intense विशेषण | /ɪnˈtɛns/ | प्रचंड, अतिमात्र |
दोहराने लायक वाक्य
वीडियो के छोटे, पूरे वाक्य जिन्हें आप रोज़ की बातचीत में इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं:
- How much farther can we go before they start to get worried?
- Would you like to have something else?
- I don't even understand why, what's going on.
- I'll put on my apron first.
- How do you enjoy that road?
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| “used to” used to + क्रिया — बीती आदत या स्थिति जो अब नहीं है | used to be |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | I've never seen · have showed · you've had |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | be built · be nominated · being born |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | people who live · people who owned · villages which were |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 51 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे I've, they're, I'm। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “th” की ध्वनियाँ: grandfather /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌfɑðɚ/, thick /θɪk/, theater /ˈθi(ə)tɚ/
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: delicious /dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/, partition /pɑɹˈtɪ.ʃən/, wash /wɑʃ/, establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, occasion /əˈkeɪ̯ʒən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: vegetarian /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/, legendary /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ənˌdɛɹ.i/, surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, architecture /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/, establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: vegetarian /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/, twin /twɪn/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/, aggressive /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/
- /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, exit /ˈɛɡzət/, terrorism /ˈtɛɹəɹɪzəm/, resist /ɹɪˈzɪst/
- शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: spicy /ˈspaɪsi/, stomach /ˈstʌmək/, spiritual /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/, scary /ˈskɛə.ɹi/, strict /stɹɪkt/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर delicious, tunnel, fence जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।