शैडोइंग अभ्यास: How English Has Changed - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

Welcome to the Listening Time Podcast.

Hey everybody, this is Connor and you're listening to episode 149 of the Listening Time Podcast.

I hope you're all ready for some English practice and this episode in particular is going to be about English itself.

In today's episode, I want to talk about how English has changed over the centuries.

And I had this idea

and I thought it would be really cool to look at some different verses from the King James Bible,

which is from 1611, so over 400 years ago.

and I thought it would be cool to show you how the language has changed a little bit since then.

It hasn't changed that much.

It's still completely understandable if you read the King James Bible nowadays and you're a native English speaker.

However, there are some interesting changes that we can see.

And I'm a language nerd.

I like languages and I like learning about languages.

So this type of topic is really interesting for me.

And I know that not all of you are language nerds like me,

but I'm sure that you'll still find this episode interesting and

you'll like learning a little bit about some of the different ways that English has changed over the years.

And I want to read another review that I received on Apple Podcasts

because I did that a couple episodes ago and I want to do

that from time to time just to thank my listeners who are also leaving reviews for me.

This one is from Darwish B and this person says,

your episode helps me a lot to gain more vocabulary and ideas, nice words, slow speech, anyone can understand.

Many thanks.

Darwish, thank you for listening and for writing a review.

I really appreciate that.

And if any of you listeners leave me a review on any of the podcast apps,

then I might read it here in an episode.

And of course, remember that if you want my advanced podcast episodes, you can sign up to become a Listening Time family member.

The link is in the description below this episode.

And you also have the link down there to sign up for my U.S.

Conversations podcast, in which I talk to different English teachers from around the country about many things.

It's a lot of fun and great practice for your listening.

So both of those links are down below.

Alright, let's get started.

Are your ears ready?

You know what time it is.

It's listening time.

Okay, let's talk about some of the ways that English has changed over the years.

But first, before we talk about modern English,

I want to mention Old English and Middle English.

Most of you probably aren't too familiar with the different types of English that have been spoken

throughout the centuries.

So Old English is the earliest form of English.

It was the earliest form of English,

and it was spoken between the 5th and 11th centuries, okay?

So a long time ago.

And what's really interesting about Old English is

that native English speakers nowadays can't understand it unless they have studied it before.

So before recording this episode, I read an excerpt.

An excerpt is a short part of a book or an article.

I read a short excerpt from Beowulf.

This is one of the most famous,

if not the most famous works of Old English,

and from this excerpt I understood maybe 5% of the words.

So that shows you how different Old English was from modern English.

So it's almost completely incomprehensible,

meaning it's not understandable at all, even to native English speakers nowadays.

So Old English was a different language really,

and many people make the mistake of using the term

Old English to refer to older modern English like English from the 1600s

or the 1700s for example.

That's not old English.

That's still modern English.

It's just older than today's English.

But the term Old English actually refers to an older language that doesn't really resemble today's English.

So just be careful with that phrase Old English because many people use it incorrectly.

And then after Old English,

there was Middle English from the 12th to the 15th century.

And maybe the most famous or one of the most famous works of literature from this period

was the Canterbury Tales, and before recording this episode,

I also tried to read an excerpt from this work,

and I understood much more of it than Beowulf.

So Middle English is a lot closer to modern English than Old English is.

So Middle English has a lot of words that we can still understand nowadays in modern English.

However, there are a lot of words that we don't understand.

So it's still a different language, kind of.

It's not a different language in the sense that it's Spanish, right?

It's still English, but it can still be very hard to understand for a native English speaker nowadays.

So that was Middle English.

And then after that is when modern English was established, let's say.

And so from that point until now, people have spoken modern English.

However, maybe today, the English that we speak in 2024,

this might be considered contemporary English.

It's not a different language.

It's still modern English.

But if we want to differentiate between the English spoken today and the English spoken in the 1600s,

for example, maybe we can use the term contemporary English for today's version of the language.

So that was a little bit of the history of English.

So now I want to talk about a few different changes

that English has undergone in the past 400 years or so.

By the way, the past participle undergone,

this comes from undergo, this means that you go through some process.

So in this case, English underwent changes.

It went through this process of changing.

So there are many examples that I could point out.

The phrasal verb point out means that you highlight something,

you draw people's attention to that thing.

So I could point out a lot of examples,

but I chose just a few because my time is limited.

100

So maybe the first thing that people will notice

101

if they read something from the 1600s or a little earlier,

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maybe, they'll notice some different pronouns being used.

103

Pronouns like thou, thee, thy, thine.

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These pronouns that start with th and then also the pronoun ye, y-e.

105

So let me read you a verse from the King James Bible.

106

This is Romans 10, 9,

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chapter 10, verse 9, and this has three of these different pronouns in this verse.

108

So listen while I read it.

109

That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus

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and shall believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved.

111

So you'll notice that we have some interesting pronouns there.

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We have thou, that if thou shalt confess.

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We have thy, thy mouth.

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And we also have thine, thine heart.

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You might be wondering what those mean.

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Well, in the past, English distinguished between the second person singular and the second person plural.

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What does that mean?

118

Well, if you're talking to one person, you're talking in the second person singular,

119

but if you're talking to more than one person, you're talking to the second person plural.

120

So in the second person singular, in the past, in English,

121

people would use these TH pronouns.

122

Instead of saying you, they would say thou,

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if they are using you as a subject.

124

And if if they wanted to use it as an object.

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Instead of saying, to you, they would say, to thee.

126

And then the possessive pronouns,

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instead of saying, you're, if it's just one person,

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people would say thy or thine depending on the word after it.

129

If the word after this pronoun was a word starting with a vowel

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or an H many times like in this verse thine heart then people would say thine

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but if it was any other word with a consonant other than H then it would be thy,

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thy mouth, like it says in this verse.

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And then I'll read one other verse that has the word thee in it.

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So in John 3, 3, it says, Jesus answered and said unto him, verily, verily, I say unto thee,

135

except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.

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So here, Jesus is addressing one person.

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He's talking to one person here.

138

So he uses the instead of you.

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And then what about if someone was talking to multiple people?

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Well, instead of using these th pronouns, they would use the y pronouns, right?

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Ye, you, etc. So, for example, in John 8, 32, Jesus says,

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and ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.

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So, you see there that he uses ye as the subject and then he uses you as an object later on.

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So in that case, he's speaking to more than one person.

145

So you might wonder why were there different pronouns?

146

what was the purpose of differentiating like that?

147

Well in many other languages,

148

probably most other languages, there is a difference when you address one person and when you address more than one person.

149

If you speak Spanish or if you speak French or many other languages,

150

you know what I'm talking about.

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You use a different pronoun and probably a different verb conjugation if you're talking to one person or more than one person.

152

And this is actually a very helpful thing

153

because it allows your audience to know if you're talking to just one person

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or if you're talking to all of them because nowadays we don't know

155

that we only say you whether or not we're addressing a single person

156

or multiple people so for example if I call you

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and you're with a friend and I say what are you doing

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and you say I'm at John's house

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if I say you should come over to my house you don't know

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if I'm only referring to you or if I'm referring to you and John I could be saying either thing, right?

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You should come over.

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That could be used for one person or multiple people.

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So I actually think that the way

164

that people used to speak in the past was more helpful because it eliminated this mystery.

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It it made it clearer who you were speaking to, right?

166

So that's a big change that we can see.

167

Obviously, we still understand when we read this in the Bible or in other texts.

168

However, it is a notable difference, right?

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And another notable change is with th endings.

170

So nowadays when we talk in the third person singular,

171

the verb usually ends with an s, like he walks.

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I walk, he walks, right?

173

However, in the past, this third-person singular verb ending had a TH instead of an S.

174

So, for example, we can see this in the most famous verse of the Bible,

175

John 3.16, which says, For God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten Son,

176

that whosoever believeth in him should not perish but have everlasting life.

177

So you see that instead of saying believes, it says believeth.

178

That th represented the third person singular in the past.

179

So walketh instead of walks.

180

Pretty interesting, huh?

181

I actually really like how that sounds.

182

I like that extra syllable, that if at the end of verbs.

183

I think it sounds really cool,

184

but maybe that's just because older styles tend to sound interesting and cool.

185

to modern ears like mine.

186

Maybe that's why, but I really like the way that sounds.

187

He doeth instead of he does.

188

To me, that sounds pretty cool.

189

You might not agree, but I actually really like that,

190

but I doubt that we'll ever go back to speaking like that again

191

and then one other kind of category of changes I wanted to highlight is just certain words

192

that had different forms in the past that are kind of archaic now,

193

but we can still understand them.

194

So for example, the past tense of the word speak is spoke, right?

195

However, in the past, people would say spake.

196

So for example, in John 8 30,

197

it says, as he spake the these words, many believed on him.

198

So really it's saying when Jesus spoke these words, that's how we would say it in modern terms.

199

However, at that time it was spake, as he spake these words, many believed on him.

200

So that's one example.

201

Another word I can think of is art, for example, instead of saying are,

202

like you are in the past,

203

they might have said thou art, right?

204

So for example, in John 6,

205

69, it says, and we believe and are sure that thou art that Christ, the son of the living God.

206

He doesn't say you are, he says thou art.

207

I also really like that form.

208

I like that art instead of are,

209

but again that might just be me thinking that the archaic version sounds cool.

210

And then another one that you'll notice if you read the King James Bible

211

or some other text that is from that time, you'll hear the word shout,

212

which is like shall, which nowadays in the US we don't even really use this word anymore.

213

So that's already kind of old sounding to us.

214

And then shout with a T on the end is even older.

215

So thou shalt not kill, for example.

216

You might remember that from the Ten Commandments, right?

217

So that's another one that you'll see that we don't use nowadays.

218

So there are a lot of other examples that I could have pointed out,

219

but I just wanted to highlight a few.

220

And you might ask, can native speakers read English like this and understand it easily?

221

I would say yes.

222

We just have to get used to it.

223

The first time you encounter these words,

224

you might be a little bit confused if you've never heard this used before.

225

However, once you realize what that word means, then it's pretty obvious after that.

226

So you just have to get used to it, but it's very understandable.

227

And for example, in high school in the U.S., many of us had to read Shakespeare,

228

William Shakespeare, and his style of English was very similar to the style that we saw today,

229

and we read that in high school.

230

We were teenagers when we read that,

231

so it's definitely understandable, but you just have to get used to it, get used to those different words,

232

the different pronouns, the word endings,

233

things like that, but it's understandable and it's not a problem to read these things.

234

And how much will English change in the future?

235

400 years from now, will English be really different?

236

I don't know, to be honest.

237

I'm sure the slang will be very different.

238

Idioms and expressions will probably be pretty different.

239

The grammar will probably be slightly different because we can see grammar changes that happen over the years slowly but surely,

240

so I'm sure the grammar might be a little different.

241

So I don't know.

242

Hypothetically, If 300 years, 400 years from now,

243

people are speaking English, it will probably be similar to today's English,

244

but with some pretty noticeable differences like what we just saw.

245

But I would guess that it would still resemble the English that I'm speaking now.

246

So I don't know, but that's what I would guess.

247

All right, I hope that you found this episode interesting.

248

I know this one was a little bit different, but I really wanted to talk about this in an episode.

249

And if you feel ready to practice with my advanced episodes, make sure to become a Listening Time family member.

250

The link is in the episode description down below.

251

That's patreon.com slash listening time.

252

And if you want my other podcast in which I talk to different English teachers about different topics,

253

you can go down and click on that link.

254

It's also down below.

255

That's patreon.com slash US Conversations.

256

And remember to give this podcast a five-star rating and write a review, and I might read it in the future.

257

All right, thank you for listening to this episode and I'll talk to you on the next episode of Listening Time.

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 257 वाक्य और 2745 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 28:02 लंबा है। वक्ता धीरे बोलता है, लगभग 98 शब्द प्रति मिनट, इसलिए हर ध्वनि की नकल करने का समय मिलता है। 86% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 कम प्रचलित शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

nowadays /ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/ (क्रिया विशेषण) — आज कल. At the present time; in the current era.
verse /ˈvɝs/ (संज्ञा) — छंद. A poetic form with regular meter and a fixed rhyme scheme.
podcast /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ (संज्ञा) — पॉडकास्ट, कोशसत्र. A program, especially an audio program, produced on a regular basis, delivered over the Internet in a compressed digital format and designed for playback on…
verb /vɝb/ (संज्ञा) — क्रिया, क्रियापद. A word that indicates an action, event, or state of being.
grammar /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/ (संज्ञा) — व्याकरण, ब्याकरण. A system of rules and principles for the structure of a language, or of languages in general.
topic /ˈtɑpɪk/ (संज्ञा) — प्रसंग, विषय. A subject; a theme; a category or general area of interest.
ear /ˈɪə̯/ (संज्ञा) — कान. The organ of hearing, consisting of the pinna or auricle, auditory canal, eardrum, malleus, incus, stapes and cochlea.
helpful /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ (विशेषण) — मददगार. Furnishing help; giving aid; useful.
shout /ʃaʊt/ (क्रिया) — चिल्लाना. To utter a sudden and loud cry, as in joy, triumph, exultation or anger, or to attract attention, to animate others, etc.
plural /ˈplʊəɹəl/ (संज्ञा) — बहुवचन. The plural number. In English, referring to more or less than one of something.
listener /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ (संज्ञा) — श्रोता. Someone who listens, especially to a speech or a broadcast.
confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ (विशेषण) — भ्रमित. unable to think clearly or understand
establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ (क्रिया) — स्थापना. To make stable or firm; to confirm.
mystery /ˈmɪs.t(ə.)ɹi/ (संज्ञा) — रहस्य, राज़. Something secret or unexplainable; an unknown.
phrase /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/ (संज्ञा) — मुहावरा, वाक्यांश. A short written or spoken expression.

वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब

look at (क्रिया) — हेरना. To observe or watch.

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 46 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे you're, I'm, don't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

“sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: shout /ʃaʊt/, differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, conjugation /ˌkɑnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/
लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/, eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, incorrectly /ˌɪnkəˈɹɛk(t).li/, conjugation /ˌkɑnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर nowadays, verse, podcast जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचना	वीडियो में
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है	has changed · hasn't changed · have been spoken
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है	have been spoken · was spoken · was established

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →

शैडोइंग अभ्यास: How English Has Changed - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

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