शैडोइंग अभ्यास: How To Organize Your Life Like A Stoic Philosopher - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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There's nothing less Stoic than disorganization, than chaos, than winging it.
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And that's why the Stoics develop routines, why they set standards, developed habits, practices.
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They took the structure of things seriously.
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Life without design, Seneca says, is erratic.
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And so their ability to make order from this chaos, why we organize the trivial parts of our lives,
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is to free up resources to do important and meaningful stuff.
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We get freedom from the order and the structure.
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So that's what we're going to talk about in today's video.
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I'm going to share some daily habits,
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some lifestyle practices, standards, and structures set forth by the Stoics that you can use today to get your life in order.
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When practiced consistently, these are habits that will help you achieve your goals
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and make you someone that people can count on and respect.
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We're going to split this video up into two parts.
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First part is going to take you through a day in the life of a Stoic, outlining some of the non -negotiables they're committed to for a well -designed day.
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And then the second part is going to be some Stoic lifestyle principles, high -level standards and practices to keep in mind that will give you a more organized and peaceful life.
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You have to win the morning.
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In of Marcus Aurelius' meditations is book five, where Marcus Aurelius has an argument with himself.
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He says, at dawn, when you have trouble getting out of bed, tell yourself, I have to go to work as a human being.
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It says, or is this what you were created for, to huddle under the blankets and stay warm?
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Right, a stoic attacks the morning, a stoic wins the morning, a stoic gets up early.
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And it's impressive when we realize that he didn't have to do this.
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He didn't really have to do anything.
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One of his predecessors basically abandons the throne for an exotic island the emperor had
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so much power so much responsibility
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and yet marcus is practicing a foundational daily habit is getting up early
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and he is getting after it
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because winning the morning is key to winning the day
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and winning at life i want to get up get my
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most important things done i want to get the hard things out of the way
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while i still have the most energy while i'm still the freshest
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while i haven't been dragged down into the muck of distraction or frustration, or any of those things.
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So a foundational daily stoic practice is get up early, get after it, don't huddle under the covers and stay warm,
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don't hit the snooze button a million times.
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Life is short, we got to get up and get after it, and we got to get after it early.
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So how do we know that Marcus Rios got up early?
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We know he got up early because of another foundational daily practice.
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He journaled.
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That's what meditations is, the journal of the most powerful man in the world.
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And the list of people, ancient and modern, who practice the art of journaling is almost comically long, and it's fascinatingly diverse.
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We have Oscar Wilde and Susan Sontag, Queen Victoria, John Quincy Adams, Emerson, Virginia Woolf, Joan Didion, Sean Green, the baseball player,
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Mary Chestnut, Brian Koppelman, Anise Nin, Franz Kafka, Ben Franklin, and countless others, right?
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Some people journal in the morning, some did it sporadically, some like da Vinci kept their notebooks on them at all times.
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The idea is you've got to make time and space for reflection, not sometimes, but every day.
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Seneca, the Stoic philosopher, talks about how he did his writing and reflecting time in the evening.
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He said, when darkness had fallen and his wife had gone to sleep, he examined his entire day.
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He says, I go back over what I've done and said, i hide nothing from myself and i pass nothing by
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and then he would go to bed and he said he found
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that the sleep
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which follows self -examination was particularly sweet you got a nice
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evening journaling routine it leads right into a good night of sleep
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and then an early wake up foucault who was a big
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fan of the stoics would talk about this ancient genre of
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writing notes to themselves he actually called the journal a weapon for spiritual combat a way to practice philosophy
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and purge the mind of agitation and foolishness to overcome difficulty, to silence those barking dogs in your head, reflect on the day that's passed,
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take note of things that struck you throughout the course of the day, to feel wisdom flow through your fingertips and onto the page.
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Anne Frank writes in her beautiful diary about how paper is more patient than people.
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That's why journaling is such an important daily practice.
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Life is frustrating, life is confusing, life is overwhelming.
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And on the page, we can slow the mind down we can find a way
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to peace we can ask ourselves tough questions you know where
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am i standing in my own way what's a step i can take towards getting better why am i
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so worked up on this what blessings can i count why do i care
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so much about these people what am i avoiding here why My fears deciding what I do
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or don't do journaling is as Julia.
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Cameron said, a kind of spiritual windshield wipers, a break from the world, a framework for the day ahead, a way to break down and analyze the day that you just had.
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And it may well be the most important thing you do.
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And that is why the Stoics did it every day.
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We all have to be readers.
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The foundation of Stoicism comes from a prophecy from the Oracle of Delphi.
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A young Zeno is visiting the oracle, and the oracle tells him, you will become wise when you begin to have conversations with the dead.
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And it's not until many years later that he ends up in a bookstore in Athens, and he hears the bookseller reading some of the dialogues of Socrates,
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a man who had died some years previous.
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And that's when it hits Zeno.
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Books are a way to have conversations with the dead.
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We are talking to people who are no longer with us, benefiting from their wisdom.
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So the Stoics are readers.
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You just have to be.
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Seneca talks about how we have to linger on the works of the master thinkers, not just read, but read and reread and reread.
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That's what a book like Meditations is about.
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It's a book you don't just read once, but a book you are reading on an ongoing basis.
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So part of your Stoic practice, your daily Stoic practice, has to be making time for reading and for wisdom.
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And this ties in well to the journaling practice you read, you journal about what you're reading, you go out and experience things that's informed by what you're reading,
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or it directs you to things that you should read.
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So a stoic makes time for reading, but not just any book.
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There's a joke.
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Epictetus, here's one of his students bragging about reading some obscure philosopher who is particularly dense.
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And he says, you know, if they had been a better writer, you have less to brag about.
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And so the reading that we do, it shouldn't be to impress people.
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It's not to check a box.
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We're reading for information we can use in our lives.
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General James Mattis, a modern day Stoic, talks about how if you haven't read hundreds of books, particularly about what you do for a living,
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about your space, he says you are functionally illiterate.
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We don't want to learn by trial and error that which we can learn from the trials and errors of others.
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We have to read every single day.
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It's a basic Stoic practice.
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we have to treat the body rigorously.
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When we think of an ancient philosopher, when we think of a philosopher generally, we don't tend to think of an athlete.
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We don't think of someone who's strong and tough.
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We tend to think of a nerd.
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We think of a turtleneck university professor, an old guy in a toga, but the philosophers were active.
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Socrates wasn't just a soldier who was brave in battle.
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Socrates was also known by his friends as someone who could wear a thin cloak in wintertime.
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He was tough.
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He liked to harden himself against the elements.
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Seneca was not only active, a big walker.
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He took these cold plunges every day.
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When Nero went to kill Seneca, he found that he had trouble finding an opportunity to poison him
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because Seneca was subsisting on food he could forage for himself out in the woods.
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The point is, the Stoics were active.
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They were outdoorsy.
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They were not simply your bookish philosopher.
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Actually, when I was introduced to the Stoics, the same day I bought Marx Releases Meditations, I bought this book called The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt.
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It's an amazing book.
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I tell this story in The Obstacle is the Way and Discipline is Destiny.
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Theodore Roosevelt was born a sickly young boy.
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He had asthma, and his interests were academic.
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He liked to be inside.
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He was nearsighted.
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And one day his father sat him down and said, look, Theodore, you've got the mind, but I don't think you have the body.
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He was actually expressing a timeless bit of wisdom, this idea of mensano incorpora sano, or a strong mind and a strong body.
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And young Theodore looks at his father and he says, okay, I will make my body.
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And this is where we get the active, outdoorsy, adventurous Theodore Roosevelt, the man who embraced the strenuous life.
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And you know, after he was president, he took this journey down the Amazon on an unexplored river.
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And you know what he brought with him?
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He brought a copy of Marcus Aurelius's Meditations, as well as Epictetus's handbook.
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So the Stoic philosopher is active.
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Marcus Aurelius hunted and wrestled.
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There was a Stoic boxer.
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There were Stoic runners.
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Roosevelt tried to get a couple of hours of exercise in a day as president
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so what do you think teddy would have thought of our sedentary digital lives our excuse
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that we're too busy or too tired or that we we weren't born
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that way like we're meant for
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so much more musonius rufus the teacher of epictetus said obviously
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the philosopher's body should be well prepared for physical activity
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because often he said the virtues make use of this as a necessary instrument.
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for the affairs of life.
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He says we must train ourselves, discipline ourselves to cold and heat and thirst and hunger, meager rations, hard beds, and avoidance of pleasures and patience under sufferings.
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He says from this, the body becomes strengthened and becomes capable of enduring hardship.
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It's ready for any task.
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A daily practice for the Stoics had nothing to do with reading or writing, but getting out there, getting active, getting after it.
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Retreat the body rigorously, Seneca says, so that it is not disobedient to the mind.
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Men sana, incorpore sano, strong mind in a strong body.
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So in addition to their daily practices,
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there were some sort of philosophical conceptions or beliefs that helped the Stoics live well -ordered, productive lives.
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And the first is that they try to avoid procrastination.
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The one thing all fools have in common, Seneca says, is they're always getting ready to live.
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They say, oh, I got to wait for things to go back to normal.
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I got to wait for the right conditions.
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I got to do this first.
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I got to do that.
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I'll do it tomorrow.
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I'll do it in the morning.
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And where does this get them?
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It gets them nowhere.
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It gets them nothing.
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They never do it.
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I'll do it tomorrow is the biggest lie in the world.
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You could be good today, Mark Ceruleus says in meditations, but instead you choose tomorrow.
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What the Stoics try to do is if something is worth doing, they want to do it now.
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They want to get started now.
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They're disciplined enough and also humble enough to know that there's something entitled about procrastination.
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It assumes that you'll have the discipline and the time and the opportunity to do it later.
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And we don't know that for sure.
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The graveyard of lost potential, we might say, of wasted time and wasted years is people who needed to do something else first.
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Putting things off is the biggest waste of life, Seneca wrote.
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He says it snatches away each day as it comes and it denies us the present by promising us the future.
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He said the whole future lies in uncertainty.
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Live immediately.
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I think he's saying do it now.
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Get rid of, I'll get to it later from your lexicon.
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Do it now.
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If you've watched even like a handful of my stuff, you probably notice I wear kind of a uniform, kind of wear the same things most days.
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It's usually because I'm sort of doing the same things each day.
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I get up, I take my kids outside, go for a walk, take them to school.
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I sit down, I write for a while.
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Then I go for another walk.
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I try to work out in the afternoons.
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I'm in the pool with my kids.
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I live a pretty active life, which is why you've seen me in a lot of these
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Marcus Aurelius had a pretty simple recipe for a better life.
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He said, if you seek tranquility, do less.
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He said, the question we have to ask ourselves with everything is, is this essential?
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And he says, because when you eliminate the inessential, you get the double satisfaction of doing less better.
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So much of what we do, what we spend our days on, what we spend our lives on, we don't need to do.
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We do it out of habit.
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We do it out of guilt.
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We do it out of laziness.
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We do it out of not wanting to seem rude.
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We do it because we think we have forever
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or we have unlimited time
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and then we wonder why our heart isn't in it we
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wonder why we don't have time to do the actual important things
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if we could do less in essential stuff we'd be able to do what is essential better
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and we get that tranquility
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that marcus aurelius is talking about we have to cultivate the
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power the ability to say no the ability to prioritize the ability to eliminate
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if we want tranquility if we want productivity it's about more wood behind fewer arrows it's about really sticking with the things.
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that are important and eliminating the inessential and the unnecessary
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there was a greek word that we get from the stoics cosmiotis
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and this is about order this is about keeping things clean
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when i'm feeling overwhelmed when i'm feeling behind i often look down at my desk
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and go of course i feel this way of course my life is this way look at it this is a metaphor.
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Gretchen Rubin, who I've interviewed on the Daily Stoic podcast, has this great line.
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She says, outer order, inner calm.
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So one of the things we have to do is get our stuff organized, keep things clean and simple and elegant.
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What does your desktop look like?
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Your digital desktop and your actual desktop?
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Are you drowning in papers?
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Is your office a mess?
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Do you have a million unread emails is your phone filled with alerts creating order
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and systems eliminating noise and interruptions creating order from the chaos of life is key to protecting
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that sort of stoic sense of purpose and direction and clarity seneca talks about how look sometimes life is messy and chaotic,
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but to needlessly be plunged into that is irresponsible.
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So how do we create order and structure in our lives?
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How do we set up systems?
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How do we automate things?
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If everything in your life is dependent on willpower, is dependent on constant excavations, you're going to be exhausted.
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So you got to create order and systems.
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You got to keep things clean.
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You got to stick with systems and structure or you're going to get overwhelmed
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in a world of social media and instant gratification shamelessness and awfulness we
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need boundaries more than ever you know like minding your own
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business keeping your private life private not over sharing not letting
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people drag you down not getting entangled in other people's dysfunctions
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or entangling them in yours being strong enough to communicate what you like
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and dislike respecting other people's space and preferences it's like basic stuff
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but it's pretty rare these days we're you know we're surrounded by over shares
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and hot messes doormats drama queens busybodies pushovers gossip mongers boundaries are about drawing some lines around yourself healthy borders
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that help determine what you share
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and what you want what you let in what you don't what you focus on
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and what you don't actually one of the the opening passages
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in meditations is about this very idea marcus aurelius starts book two he says
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when you wake up in the morning tell yourself the people
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i will deal with today will be meddling ungrateful arrogant dishonest
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and jealous and surly right
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but he's not just saying hey the world is going to be awful he's saying this is what boundaries are about.
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He says, but I won't let them implicate me in ugliness.
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He says, none of them can hurt me.
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And I think what boundaries are about creating space, creating buffers, so not everyone and everything has access to your mind.
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This is the stoic concept of an inner citadel.
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Things that are outside us can't be allowed to touch us.
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The news of the world, the annoying coworker, the noises coming in.
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One of Seneca's letters I open stillness is the key with this, is Seneca trying to concentrate in work in the midst of a very busy
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and noisy Rome where people were always trying to get at him, where he had to tune out a lot of distraction.
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And so the ability to have these boundaries to be self -contained,
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self -sufficient is just a key Stoic practice to having a well -ordered and well -functioning life.
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so you might think if the stoics were all about routine
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and structure and order that they were really rigid
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and it might seem contradictory for me to tell you
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that they're not right this is a video about organizing your life
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and here i am telling you this idea of formlessness
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but formlessness comes to us from the great robert green he says it's the most stoic law of power
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and again that might not be what you think of the stoics
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because the stoics were all about rules and structure and discipline.
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But life is unpredictable.
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There is so much outside of our control.
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If you need things to be a certain way, if you can't adapt and adjust, you're going to have a hard time.
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In meditations, Marx really says that adaptability is the ability to look at what life deals to you and say, yes, that's just what I was looking for.
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So yes, we have our preferred way of doing things, but we can handle them however they are.
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Cato was one of the most vaunted and towering of the stoic.
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But he never gave an inch on anything, even in the face of the most unrelenting pressure.
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And this, in the end, made him not so effective politician.
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He refused compromise in every form.
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He insisted on tradition down to the letter.
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And that rigidity became a kind of fragility.
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We need the ability to adjust and embrace change.
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One of the Queen's mottos, which I loved was if things are going to stay the same, then things are going to have to change.
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My routine has changed so much since I had kids, since I moved to Texas, since I became a writer, different phases and seasons of my life.
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My routine is always changing.
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But these overarching principles, these deeper ideas,
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these commitments that allows me to shuffle those things around but still hold true to the same basic concept.
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Epictetus was once asked by one of his students like what he was supposed to do
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and Epictetus didn't have an answer for him
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and the student finally said no you got to tell me what to do
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and Epictetus said it would be better
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if you asked me to help make you adaptable to circumstances
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that's what we have to ultimately be as stoics adaptable to any
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and all circumstances no matter what's going on in the outside world we find ways to be productive
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and efficient and and focus on what's essential inside of them.
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And the last final, and I think most brief thing the Stoics use to shape their days
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and lives is a reminder of how short life is.
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You could leave life right now, Mark Schroeder says in meditations, let that determine what you do and say and think.
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Seneca's view was even more of a paradigm shift.
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He says, don't think of death as this thing in the future that you're moving slowly towards.
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He says, death is happening right now.
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He says, the time that passes belongs to death.
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So as we decide how to structure our days, whether to procrastinate or not, what order to put them in or not, to do things or not,
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we have to remember, we are purchasing these things in front of us with our most precious resource, our time, something we can never get back.
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And so we have to be present.
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We have to prioritize.
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We have to be humble.
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We have to be flexible because life is short.
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Memento more.
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You could go at any moment let that determine what you do and say and think and how you live.
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Every day I send out one stoic inspired email to hundreds of thousands of people all over the world.
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If you want more stoic wisdom in your inbox, you can sign up at dailystoic .com slash email.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 319 वाक्य और 4000 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 22:31 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 178 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। 82% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| philosopher संज्ञा | /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/ | दार्शनिक |
| wisdom संज्ञा | /ˈwɪzdəm/ | बुद्धिमत्ता, पांडित्य |
| habit संज्ञा | /ˈhæb.ɪt/ | अभ्यास, आदत |
| boundary संज्ञा | /ˈbaʊndɹi/ | सीमा |
| routine संज्ञा | /ɹuˈtin/ | दिनचर्या |
| discipline संज्ञा | /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ | अनुशासन |
| chaos संज्ञा | /ˈkeɪˌɑs/ | अव्यवस्था |
| clothing संज्ञा | /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/ | वस्त्र, कपड़े |
| spiritual विशेषण | /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/ | आध्यात्मिक |
| reflect क्रिया | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | प्रतिबिंबित करना |
| principle संज्ञा | /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/ | जड़सूत्र, असूल |
| reader संज्ञा | /ˈɹi.dɚ/ | पाठक, पाठिका |
| lifestyle संज्ञा | /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ | जीवनशैली, जीवनचर्या |
| dependent विशेषण | /dɪˈpɛndənt/ | आश्रित, निर्भर |
| embrace क्रिया | /ɛmˈbɹes/ | आलिंगन करना |
वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| get up क्रिया | उठना | |
| go out क्रिया | बाहर निकलना, निकलना | |
| sit down क्रिया | बैठना | |
| wake up क्रिया | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | जागना |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 65 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे don't, I'm, we're। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “th” की ध्वनियाँ: clothing /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/, thin /ˈθɪn/, athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, throne /θɹəʊ̯n/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: distraction /dɪsˈtɹæk.ʃən/, shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfɚ/, eliminate /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, consistently /kənˈsɪstəntli/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर philosopher, wisdom, habit जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | were created · been dragged · was also known |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | haven't been dragged · I've done · haven't read |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | man who had · people who are · someone who could |
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।