शैडोइंग अभ्यास: The Magic of Thorium Nuclear Reactors - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
अभ्यास मोड चुनें
हर मोड पूरी स्क्रीन का अभ्यास कक्ष खोलता है।
98 वाक्य
यदि वाक्य बहुत छोटे या लंबे हों, तो समायोजित करने के लिए Edit पर क्लिक करें।
1
Thorium is a kind of miraculous element.
2
Thorium found in nature isn't fissile – the atom's nucleus won't split when it absorbs a neutron.
3
And yet, if you put a chunk of this same thorium in a special nuclear reactor,
4
after a while most of the thorium will be gone,
5
a whole bunch of energy will have been generated,
6
and you'll be left with typical byproducts of fission.
7
It's as if thorium is fissile, even though it's not.
8
This is the genius of thorium breeder reactors.
9
Oh, and I should disclose here that this video is sponsored by Copenhagen Atomics,
10
who are working to make thorium power a reality,
11
but they didn't get any say in the video and didn't get to review it before posting.
12
The standard oversimplified picture of a fission reactor is,
13
a uranium nucleus splits apart,
14
or fissions, releasing heat energy and two or three neutrons,
15
and those neutrons go on to be captured by more uranium nuclei and cause them to fission,
16
releasing more heat energy and more neutrons, and so on.
17
The heat is used to generate electricity,
18
the neutrons to maintain the fission chain reaction.
19
However, the actual story is more complicated.
20
When a nucleus splits, there are actually four things that can happen to the neutrons it emits.
21
One, like we've already mentioned,
22
they can be captured by a fissile atom like uranium-235,
23
causing it to fission and release more neutrons,
24
and this part has to happen on average at least once per fission to sustain the chain reaction.
25
Two, neutrons can be captured by the nuclei of other atoms in the reactor,
26
without causing fission, like maybe the metal case,
27
or the moderator, or the control rods, or whatever.
28
3 Neutrons can escape and leave the reactor entirely.
29
Or 4 A neutron can be captured by an atom that's not fissile,
30
and transmute it into an atom that is fissile.
31
Because remember, these are atomic nuclei we're dealing with.
32
Absorption of a neutron will turn uranium-238 into uranium-239,
33
the number is just the total number of protons and neutrons.
34
And uranium-239 can then radioactively decay into neptunium-239,
35
which can then decay into plutonium-239, which is fissile.
36
If the capture of a neutron transforms a non-fissile element into a fissile one,
37
it's called a fertile capture.
38
And fertile capture is what makes thorium useful.
39
In fact, even in a normal uranium reactor,
40
fertile capture accounts for over a third of the energy generated by the reactor.
41
A normal nuclear reactor uses uranium-235,
42
which is fissile, but naturally occurring uranium ore contains only 0.7% uranium-235.
43
Almost all the rest is uranium-238,
44
which is essentially non-fissile, but it is fertile.
45
Even when using fuels with enriched levels of uranium-235 undergoing fission,
46
there's so much non-fissile U-238 around that some of the chain reaction neutrons instead transform U-238 into plutonium-239,
47
which can then fission.
48
But U-235 doesn't make enough neutrons,
49
and U-238 doesn't turn into plutonium easily enough
50
that you can both sustain a fission chain reaction and continue to transform new fissile fuel.
51
So at the end you're left with a big chunk of unfissioned but still full of radioactive waste, uranium-238.
52
There's a different kind of reactor,
53
called a fast breeder reactor,
54
that uses plutonium as the primary fissile fuel,
55
and uranium-238 as a fertile secondary source.
56
This combination can both sustain the fission chain reaction and transform new fuel in a self-sustaining way.
57
But fast breeder reactors are less researched,
58
more expensive, and harder to run effectively.
59
For now.
60
This is where thorium comes in.
61
The same route used in the transformation of uranium-238 to plutonium-239 can be replicated down here,
62
starting instead with thorium-232.
63
By adding a neutron, we get thorium-233,
64
which decays to protactinium-233, which decays to uranium-233,
65
which is fissile and can be used to generate energy.
66
So if you load your reactor with thorium-232,
67
which, remember, is not fissile,
68
and you throw in some starter fissile fuel,
69
then for each fission reaction,
70
the number of new fissile atoms created is more than one on average,
71
and the number of new atoms split is more than one on average,
72
and remember those atoms give you more neutrons.
73
So the transformation of thorium,
74
and the fission of uranium,
75
can keep going and going and going,
76
until in principle, all of the thorium is gone.
77
And crucially, thorium transformation can happen in a reactor that doesn't have the same challenges as a fast breeder reactor,
78
and it gets rid of most of the long-lived radioactive waste.
79
And thorium is more abundant than uranium,
80
and doesn't need the expensive refining process to concentrate the fissile uranium-235,
81
and so you can see why people get excited about thorium.
82
There are, of course, challenges and downsides to making thorium reactors,
83
which is why we don't have and so far have never had commercial energy generation from thorium.
84
But that's fertile material for another time.
85
Getting commercial power from thorium may soon be possible thanks to the work of organizations such as this video's sponsor, Copenhagen Atomics.
86
Copenhagen Atomics is building compact,
87
modular thorium reactors to produce cheap energy.
88
Unlike traditional nuclear power stations,
89
which are giant infrastructure projects,
90
Copenhagen Atomics are designing a self-contained reactor unit that can fit inside a shipping container.
91
The reactors are based on a design pioneered over 50 years ago that uses molten salt to carry the fuel,
92
resulting in fewer lost neutrons and more complete combustion,
93
so you get more energy for less waste.
94
These reactors can also use plutonium waste from classic nuclear reactors as fuel,
95
extracting ten times more energy out of spent nuclear fuel than the initial reactor did in the first place,
96
and in doing so converting long-lived radioactive waste into short-lived radioactive waste.
97
In theory, these reactors could run anything from grids to ships to moon bases.
98
Check out Copenhagen Atomics website to learn more about their work.
ऐप डाउनलोड करें
धाराप्रवाह बोलने के लिए ज़रूरी सब कुछ
AI उच्चारण स्कोरहर वाक्य का स्कोर
IPA अभ्यासहर ध्वनि में महारत
शब्दावलीअपना शब्द भंडार बनाएँ
शब्द गेमखेलते हुए सीखें
उसी चैनल से
FOR YOU
अनुशंसित वीडियो
C268
46 वाक्य
Nuclear Energy Explained: How does it work? 1/3
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C18
70 वाक्य
Neutron Stars – The Most Extreme Things that are not Black Holes
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C28
66 वाक्य
What Is A Semiconductor?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C168
44 वाक्य
Why is it Hot Underground?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
76 वाक्य
The Nucleus: Crash Course Chemistry #1
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B25
50 वाक्य
Recreating the Nuclear Boy Scout Reactor
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C212
105 वाक्य
2 The Principle of the Electron Microscope
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C16
32 वाक्य
Anti-matter & nuclear weapons: Why technology is always a double-edge sword | Don Lincoln
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C15
28 वाक्य
How to Blow Up the Earth - Nuclear Engineer Reacts to Zack D. Films
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
28 वाक्य
What is Nuclear Medicine | Dr. Paulien Moyaert
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
198 वाक्य
NASA tested my chain theory in space
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
198 वाक्य
The Only Video on Maxwell’s Equations You’ll Ever Need
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
इस वीडियो के साथ बोलने का अभ्यास क्यों करें?
यूट्यूब से अंग्रेजी सीखें और अंग्रेजी बोलने का अभ्यास कर रहे हैं, तो इस वीडियो को देखकर आपकी बोलने की क्षमता में सुधार होगा। वीडियो में थोरियम परमाणु रिएक्टर के जादू के बारे में चर्चा की गई है, जो न केवल वैज्ञानिक तथ्य प्रदान करता है, बल्कि एक संवादात्मक प्रारूप में है। इस प्रकार के वीडियो देखने से आप अपने बोलने के कौशल को प्रैक्टिस करते हैं और वास्तविक जीवन की स्थिति में संवाद करने के लिए तैयार होते हैं। यहाँ पर आप शेडो स्पीच तकनीक का उपयोग कर सकते हैं, जहाँ आप वक्ता की बातें सुनते हुए उनका अनुकरण करते हैं। इससे आपकी उच्चारण और भाषा की समझ में सुधार होगा।
व्याकरण और संदर्भ में वाक्यांश
- न्यूट्रॉन को अवशोषित करना - यह व्याकरण संरचना बताती है कि कैसे न्यूट्रॉन रिएक्टर के भीतर संवाद करता है।
- फिसाइल और नॉन-फिसाइल तत्वों का प्रयोग - इस वाक्यांश का उपयोग करते समय यह ध्यान में रखना चाहिए कि यह वैज्ञानिक संदर्भ में कितना महत्वपूर्ण है।
- ऊर्जा उत्पन्न करना - यह क्रिया किसी प्रक्रिया के परिणाम स्वरूप ऊर्जा का निर्माण दर्शाती है।
इन वाक्यांशों का सही ढंग से उपयोग करके आप अपनी बातचीत में विविधता और गहराई ला सकते हैं। अंग्रेजी शैडोइंग तकनीक का प्रयोग करके इन वाक्यांशों को बोलने का अभ्यास करना आपके लिए फायदेमंद होगा।
सामान्य उच्चारण के जाल
वीडियो में कुछ कठिन शब्दों और उच्चारणों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है जैसे कि थोरियम, फिसाइल, और न्यूट्रॉन। ये शब्द अक्सर उच्चारण में भ्रम पैदा करते हैं। अंग्रेजी बोलने का अभ्यास करते समय, इन शब्दों को विशेष ध्यान देकर उच्चारित करें। आप इन शब्दों को कई बार सुनकर और उन्हें दोहराकर अपने उच्चारण को सुधर सकते हैं। शेडोइंग तकनीक का उपयोग करते हुए, आप वक्ता की आवाज़ के साथ-साथ उनका उच्चारण भी अनुकरण कर सकते हैं। इस प्रकार, आप सही उच्चारण में सुधार ला सकते हैं और अपने बोलने की क्षमता को बढ़ा सकते हैं।
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | have been generated · be left · is sponsored |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | we've already mentioned · have never had |
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।