शैडोइंग अभ्यास: These Crimes Will Send You To Death Row - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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For the worst of the worst, death row awaits, the final living quarters for prisoners awaiting execution.

But what are the crimes that can get you sent to death row?

The laws have changed over the years, but these are the crimes that can get you the death penalty today.

Let's start with the big one, murder.

Just about every person on death row in the United States today is accused of killing a person or causing their death.

But in many cases, not just any murder will do.

There are a lot of murderers in prison who were never eligible for the death penalty.

Third degree murder is when someone causes the death of someone unintentionally by committing an act with indifference for human life, and is usually punished similarly to manslaughter.

As for second degree murder, it's not eligible for the death penalty in the United States either because it's considered a crime of passion.

Someone who gets into a bar fight and stabs their rival to death will likely face life in prison at the most, and that leaves one degree of murder that could leave you facing the needle.

First -degree murder This is a crime where the person intended to murder the victim and planned for it.

This can be any level of planning.

If someone decides to kill their wife's lover and waits outside their house with a gun for several hours,

a prosecutor can make the case that this is a first -degree murder because they schemed in advance.

However, other first -degree murders take much more planning, such as someone who aims to get their rich aunt's insurance

by making her arsenic tea with a side of cyanide scones for several weeks before she expires.

But there is another big category of crimes that can bring the death penalty, and it's controversial.

To get the death penalty in the United States, it doesn't have to be a first -degree murder.

The category of felony murder classifies any death caused in the commission of a crime as a murder, as a deterrent to the criminal.

This means that if a gun accidentally goes off in the commission of a robbery, even if the gunman didn't intend to press the trigger, it's a murder if someone dies.

And it goes further, if they hit someone and kill them during the getaway drive it also counts as a murder.

Different states practice it differently, and some states require the criminal to commit a dangerous felony during the crime to trigger the rule.

The others extend it to any act dangerous to human life, regardless of if it's a felony.

But some felony murder cases are a little more loosely connected.

The Supreme Court has given conflicting rulings on whether someone who

is only a small part of a felony murder case can be given the death penalty.

According to the last ruling, Tyson vs. Arizona, a death penalty is allowed for a felony murderer who played a major role in the underlying felony

and showed reckless disregard for human life.

That was probably what spared Ryan Hawley in 2004.

The Florida man discussed a plan to rob and assault a young woman with his friends, and the friends then decided to make it a reality.

Hawley lent them his car, and when the woman was found dead, he was charged with felony murder and sentenced to life in prison.

His sentence was eventually commuted, but likely he wouldn't have been eligible for the death penalty

because the prosecutors couldn't prove he had knowledge that a murder was likely.

Other cases are more thorny.

The public outrage was swift when word got out

that Lakeith Smith had been sentenced to 65 years in prison

for the murder of his friend after his friend was killed by a police officer in Alabama.

Smith, only 15 at the time, broke into two houses with his friend, Adante, and burglarized them.

When a police officer caught up to them they ran and Adonte was shot and killed.

Smith, as the surviving culprit, was charged with felony murder because he was a participant in the crime that led to Adonte getting killed.

Lakeith never faced the death penalty because of his age, but Alabama has enforced it on others accused of being accomplices to murder,

and in some cases depraved indifference can send someone straight to death row.

It was 2006 when a devastating fire swept through Cabazon, California and burned over 40 ,000 acres, and it tragically claimed the lives of five firefighters.

An investigation into the cause began and they soon discovered that Raymond Lee Euler was responsible.

The mechanic seemed to have a fascination with fire

and was found to have deliberately set it with a slingshot and homemade incendiary devices.

He wasn't just charged with arson, he was charged with first -degree murder for the deaths of the firefighters.

While there was controversy over the death penalty for a crime where there was no proof he intended to kill anyone, whether he was convicted and sits on California's death row to this day.

But are there any places where non -murder crimes can still get you the death penalty?

For a while, it was surprisingly easy.

Back when the United States was young, crimes like horse theft could get you hung in the West.

The argument was that stealing horses can deprive people of their livelihood and lead to deaths, so it was fair game.

Heinous sexual offenses could also lead to a trip to death row, but most states did away with those laws fairly early, except Louisiana.

Up until 2008, Louisiana had laws on their books allowing the death penalty for particularly heinous crimes involving children, even if the victim didn't die.

But Patrick O 'Neill Kennedy appealed his 1998 conviction, and the Supreme Court ruled five to four that execution for a crime

that didn't result in the death of a victim was cruel and unusual punishment.

That was the end of the death penalty for crimes other than murder.

Or was it?

The 27 states that still have the death penalty are all bound by the Supreme Court ruling, but other institutions in the United States have their own systems,

and there are surprising cases that can result in the death sentence.

The US military has its own court system, with enlisted criminals facing court -martials.

There are currently four inmates on the US military's death row, two convicted for brutal murders while they were members of the military,

and the other two convicted of murdering their fellow servicemen in attacks abroad or on US military bases.

But one crime isn't likely to be applied now, but it's still on the books.

Those who watched Steven Spielberg's biography of Abraham Lincoln found one scene particularly memorable.

The kindly president kept on commuting the sentences of soldiers convicted of desertion.

Back then, abandoning your post and going AWOL in the middle of a war could get you executed, and it still can now.

But it's unlikely to happen any time soon.

The last soldier executed for desertion was Private Edward Slovic in World War II.

The case was highly controversial, with his defenders portraying Slovic as a scared young man who was desperate to escape the war by any means necessary.

But why has no soldier who deserted faced the death penalty since?

Simple, the crime only applies during wartime.

And no matter how many military conflicts the military has been involved in since World War II, the United States has never formally declared war again.

The military engagements since have a different class, and the crimes of desertion and disobeying an order in combat carry lesser penalties, including prison time.

But the laws are still on the books, and should a major war with a formal declaration begin again, those who turn tail and run could face a firing squad.

But another area of the United States carries its own laws.

The federal government has its own death penalty system and currently has 46 people on death row.

This is where many of the worst of worst crimes are tried, with the assumption being that these crimes are so heinous they're not just against the person, they're against the whole society.

But all of these crimes still aggravate murder, and the circumstances make them federal affairs.

For instance, someone who goes hiking with their lover

and murders them in the woods to keep their secret could face the federal death penalty

if they killed the victim in a national park.

Other factors can turn a state crime into a federal crime in a hurry.

Federal law covers murders that take place during a hijacking, which includes a carjacking, or a kidnapping, even if the crime doesn't cross state lines.

The criminal is eligible for the federal death penalty.

Massachusetts and New Hampshire don't have the death penalty anymore, but when Gary Lee Sampson murdered three people in a carjacking spree in the early 2000s, he was tried under federal law.

While he briefly escaped death row due to accusations of jury misconduct, the next jury reached the exact same verdict.

Sometimes it has less to do with where you do something than why you do it.

Caboni Savage was a notorious drug kingpin in Philadelphia, but the feds were closing in on him.

He was likely to be convicted at trial due to the testimony of a federal witness, and so he decided to do something about it.

He didn't have easy access to the location of the witness, so he cast a wide net, hiring someone to firebomb the house where he was staying and killing six people inside.

That made it a federal crime, murder in aid of racketeering and retaliating against a witnessed by murder, and he sits on death row at ADX Florence.

And sometimes it's who the target is that makes the difference.

New Orleans officer Len Davis was a notorious abuser of his authority, and when he brutally beat a suspect, a woman named Kim Groves saw him and filed a complaint.

So Davis decided to silence her permanently by hiring a drug dealer to assassinate her.

This led to him being convicted of conspiracy to violate her civil rights through murder, a death penalty crime time.

He would later be joined on death row by Dylan Roof, the notorious Charleston church shooter.

While Roof was guilty of murdering parishioners in South Carolina, his racist views made him guilty of violating federal hate crime statutes,

and the feds swooped in and made sure they were the first to sentence him to death.

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Some crimes are so large they require a federal response - terrorism.

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That word itself strikes fear in people's hearts, and it refers to any sort of mass attack designed to cause casualties for political reasons.

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Federal death row has held some notorious homegrown terrorists, including Timothy McVeigh, the anti -government bomber of the Alfred P.

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Murrah Federal Building that killed 168 people.

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Two decades later, the surviving Boston Marathon bomber Zrokhar Tsarnaev would join him for the mass casualty attack that killed three people,

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although his death sentence is pending a new trial.

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And one of the masterminds of the September 11, 2001 attacks, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, still awaits trial on the murder of almost 3 ,000 US citizens,

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and will no doubt head to death row if convicted.

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But one federal crime is thornier than any other.

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Treason is defined as the crime of attacking a state authority that the person owes allegiance to, which allows for a little wiggle room.

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And that means the government can charge people with treason for many different actions, but not all charges stick.

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Treason charges in the United States date back to the Whiskey Rebellion under George Washington, but the two men sentenced to hang were pardoned.

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That would become a common pattern, with the majority of treason convicts eventually being released, but some weren't so lucky.

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The first execution for treason in the United States was the controversial anti -slavery activist John Brown, who led a slave insurrection and a raid on Harper's Ferry.

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Both he and his fellow abolitionist Aaron Dwight Stevens were executed, as were William Bruce Mumford, who tore down a US flag during the Civil War,

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and Mary Surrett for her involvement in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

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Of the many convictions for treason in World War II, all would be commuted to life in prison.

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But treason isn't the only crime against the country that can carry the death penalty.

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It was the height of the Cold War when Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were arrested for a shocking crime, providing top -secret intel about American weapons,

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including the nuclear program, to the Soviet Union.

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Both were charged with espionage, a capital crime, and sentenced to death in the electric chair.

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While there were protests that Ethel was at most a minor player in her brother's scheme, it couldn't save them from execution.

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The government accused her of being an active participant who recruited other spies, including her brother.

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While most spies before and after received lengthy prison terms, the Rosenbergs were the only civilians executed for espionage, and the only people executed for the crime during peacetime.

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For more on the death penalty, why not watch Scary Last Words from Death Row Inmates Before Execution, or watch this video instead.

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वास्तविक परिदृश्य

कुछ अपराध ऐसे होते हैं जो व्यक्ति को दंडित करने के सबसे कठोर तरीके, अर्थात् मृत्यु दंड का सामना कराते हैं। यह वीडियो एक ऐसे गंभीर वार्तालाप का हिस्सा है, जहाँ विभिन्न अपराधों पर चर्चा की गई है जो सीधे तौर पर मृत्यु दंड की सजा दिला सकते हैं। हत्या के विभिन्न प्रकार, जैसे कि पहले दर्जे की हत्या और फेलोनी हत्या, को समझना न केवल कानूनी दृष्टिकोण से महत्वपूर्ण है, बल्कि हमारी रोजमर्रा की बातचीत में भी सहायक हो सकता है। ऐसे मामलों में जानकारी होना, हमें बेहतर अंग्रेजी बोलने में मदद कर सकता है।

उपयोगी शब्द समूह और संयोजन

पहलवान हत्या - First-degree murder
खतरनाक अपराध - Dangerous felony
मौसमी हमले - Mass attacks
अधिकारों का उल्लंघन - Violation of rights
आपराधिक साजिश - Criminal conspiracy

आपकी छाया बोलने की चुनौती

अब समय है आपकी छाया बोलने की चुनौती का! वीडियो से अंग्रेजी सीखें और इन संवादों को सुनकर उन्हें दोहराने की कोशिश करें। आप shadowspeaks की तकनीक का उपयोग करके अपनी उच्चारण शक्ति को सुधार सकते हैं। विशेष रूप से पहले दर्जे की हत्या के बारे में वाक्यांशों का ध्यानपूर्वक अभ्यास करें। अपने उच्चारण को सही करने के लिए अपनी आवाज रिकॉर्ड करें और फिर से सुनें। इससे आपको अपनी shadow speech को बेहतर करने में मदद मिलेगी। यह एक मजेदार और उपयोगी तरीका है अपनी अंग्रेजी बोलने की क्षमता को सुधारने का!

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचना	वीडियो में
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है	is accused · is usually punished · can be given
Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी	Someone who gets · someone who aims · Those who watched
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है	have changed · has given · has enforced

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

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शैडोइंग अभ्यास: These Crimes Will Send You To Death Row - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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