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Hello everybody, welcome back to American Textbook Reading Series.
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I'm your host, Brian Stewart.
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Today we're taking a look at Science Book 3, Unit 1.
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And the topic for Unit 1 is Living and Nonliving Things.
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In this unit, you will discover what living things do.
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And you will also discover how living and non -living things are different Hmm, interesting unit.
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So, let's get started with a list of the vocabulary.
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Okay, so let's go over the vocabulary.
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The first word is live as in to live
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Live to live means to be alive to be in the process of being alive now be careful with live
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Because it can also be pronounced in another way you can pronounce this Live
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but that has a different meaning if you say live that is an adjective, right?
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So live here this live is a verb
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to live I want to live a long time
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but live as an adjective we can say it is a live concert right?
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That means that people are playing.
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It's not recorded music.
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People are actually playing the music.
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You can see the people.
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It's live music, live concert.
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But live, okay?
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So be careful.
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Live live.
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Okay?
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In this case, live.
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Live means to be alive.
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Next word is to grow.
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Things that live grow.
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They grow during their lives, right?
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They become bigger or taller over a period of time.
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You are growing right now, right?
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You can't see it, right?
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Grow, to grow usually means it takes a long time, right?
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It takes many months, maybe years, for you to notice a change as you grow.
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But some animals grow very quickly, right?
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Like pets, dogs and cats, they grow very quickly.
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It's still hard to see, you don't see it happening right now, but you know over weeks or months very quickly they change, they grow.
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They become bigger or taller.
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Our next word is to change.
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To change means to become different.
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That's a good picture, right?
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You've all seen an egg, right?
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Sometimes you eat eggs for breakfast, right?
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Well, those are not eggs that will become chickens.
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Don't worry.
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But they are, but an egg that is a able to become a chicken will hatch after a while, right?
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The egg will change.
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It'll break open and a little chick will come out of it.
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That's a big change, right?
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To become different.
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You also change, right?
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When you were a baby, now you were a child or a teenager, you changed, right?
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And you will continue to change through your life.
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We all do.
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Okay
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Reproduce reproduce reproduce Reproduce means to make more living things of the same kind all living things are able to
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Reproduce that means that they can make more of living things that look like them.
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When you get older you might get married and have children.
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That means you will reproduce, right?
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When your dog gets older, it can meet another dog, become a parent, and they will have children, right?
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Plants, when they get older, they send out seeds or
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Pollen and they will reproduce and more plants will grow
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so to make more living things of the same kind that's to reproduce.
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Next word is A sad word.
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Die.
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to no longer be alive.
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Here we have a sad picture of a bird, probably an old bird, who became too old and then died.
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All living things.
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Become old and die.
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It's part of life.
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The thing is enjoy your life while you're alive, while you are living, right?
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To enjoy your life and be good to other people.
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That's the important thing.
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Okay, our next word is move. To move.
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To move means to go from place A to place B, right?
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Something is at place A and it moves over to place B.
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Now here we have a picture of a snail.
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Snails are famous for moving very slowly.
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Somebody might say, "You move like a snail." Means you move very slowly.
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And probably not a good idea, especially if you're going to school.
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Okay, so actually we have a video of a snail moving and you can see, I'll start the video here, you can see Okay, the snail is moving,
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but it's taking a long time.
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Right?
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Very slow.
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In the background, you saw the cars going by very quickly.
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Cars move fast. Be careful.
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Snails move really slow.
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This snail's very slow.
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Okay, we don't have time to watch him move.
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It would take a long time to see him move from one side to the other.
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We don't have time.
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Okay, so next we have breathe.
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Breathe.
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Okay, we have the E at the end, that's important.
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I will explain soon.
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But to breathe means to...
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take air into the body, actually you take it into your lungs, right?
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And then you send it out again.
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All living things breathe.
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animals and plants have different ways to breathe, but for animals, right, we breathe in the air,
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the air goes into our lungs, we take the oxygen out and it goes into our blood and this gives us energy.
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We need the oxygen to live.
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So we breathe in the air.
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We don't need all of the air, just a little part of it is oxygen, but we take that oxygen and we breathe out the breath,
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the air that we don't need or the the gas that is coming out of our body.
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So it's important to think about breathe in, breathe out.
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So we can also say that you breathe in and you breathe.
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out.
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Okay, breathe in Breathe out.
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Breathe in, breathe out.
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And we do it all the time.
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We don't even think about it because it's a natural part of living.
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Now, I said it's important.
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The E at the end.
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Now there's a very similar word.
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It's called, it's spelled this way, and this is different so be careful.
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Breath.
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Breathe is a verb.
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It's the action, right?
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I showed you.
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That's to breathe.
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Breath is a noun Okay, so be careful.
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Don't get those two words confused.
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We can say take a breath. That is a breath.
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Breathe in and breathe out.
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That is one breath.
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Okay, so when you talk about a breath as a noun, it's no E and we pronounce it breath, but if you're talking about the action,
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that's a verb, we put an e on the end and we pronounce it Breathe.
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Okay, so breath.
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Breathe. Be careful.
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Don't get them mixed up.
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Okay, good.
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Okay, next.
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We have a video.
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Now fish can breathe.
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How can fish breathe?
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They're underwater.
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Where do they get the air?
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Well, it's interesting because even in water there is gas.
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Water is hydrogen and oxygen.
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And fish are designed to be able to get the gas, the oxygen that they need, through their gills, right?
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They don't breathe in through their mouth.
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They have gills on the side You know,
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we can see the little fish moving around.
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It's hard to see their gills.
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You can see their mouths moving, but they're not really breathing through their mouth.
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They're breathing through their gills.
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Let me write that for you.
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gills.
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And I put S because
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fish have two gills on either side right
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and they're kind of their neck and they kind of open up
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and close as they're swimming and that's where the water passes through
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and they can catch the air or the oxygen that they need through their gills.
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So fish obviously are much different than mammals because they breathe differently and they can breathe underwater.
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but they have to come up
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and they have a hole in the back of their head
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that opens up and they take in the air and they breathe through that hole.
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So mammals and whales are not really fish, they're mammals.
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But true fish have gills.
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Okay, interesting.
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Next, we have oxygen, and I've said that word before.
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Oxygen, oxygen, or oxygen.
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If you say it quickly, it sounds like Oxygen.
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Oxygen.
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Oxygen is very important.
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Obviously, I just said when we breathe in, we need the oxygen in the air.
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The air around us actually,
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you know, it's kind of maybe a bigger Lesson, nitrogen and oxygen.
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The air right now around me and around you is
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21 % only 21 % oxygen the rest what is that that's 79 % Nitrogen, right?
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So we don't need nitrogen.
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Our bodies don't use nitrogen.
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Nitrogen is, it's like nothing to our body.
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We don't react to nitrogen, but we do react with oxygen and we need oxygen to live.
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Oxygen goes into our blood.
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It helps us do many of the functions that our cells need to be able to do what they do.
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And there's so many different cells that do have different tasks.
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So, oxygen is a gas, right?
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It's a gas that living things need.
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We need it, fish need it, many different living things need oxygen.
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So, oxygen is a gas, right?
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oxygen and mostly the air is 79 % nitrogen, 21 % oxygen.
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Yes there are other gases but they're very small they're not really measurable in any situation, any typical situation, okay, that we,
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you know, in the outside.
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Okay, good.
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So oxygen is very important for us and most living things.
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Next we have healthy.
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Healthy means to be strong and well.
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I hope you are healthy and your parents are very interested or they're very worried, hopefully not too worried, that you stay healthy.
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And you should eat well, eat good things, eat vegetables, eat, you know, depending on, you know, meat is good,
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vegetables of course are very important.
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Make sure you eat a balanced diet You also need to exercise.
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This boy is exercising because you need to give your muscles the practice or the chance to grow strong.
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And you want to stay healthy.
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And not just eating and exercise, you also need sleep.
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So make sure you get enough sleep.
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Put your phone away.
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Don't play video games too long.
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Get enough sleep at night.
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All of these things help you remain healthy.
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And you want to be healthy all your life.
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Of course, when you're young, you're very strong and healthy.
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As you get older, you have to work harder to stay healthy.
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Okay.
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Good.
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Okay.
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Now, let's take a look at the difference between living things and non -living things.
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So that's what this unit is about really, living and non -living things.
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How are they different?
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Well, we've learned a lot of words in the vocabulary section about living things.
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We learned grow, right?
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Living things grow.
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They get bigger and taller.
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And So you can see the picture of the swan and the little baby swans.
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The babies will grow, they'll get taller.
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They will become adult swans.
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Do non -living things grow?
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Well, Oxygen is a non -living thing, it's a gas.
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Does it grow?
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No, we use it, but oxygen by itself, it doesn't get bigger, it stays the same.
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It doesn't have a process where it gets bigger or taller.
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It just stays the same.
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Okay, next living things change.
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Yeah, they change of course as they grow they get bigger they get taller,
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but some living things change as they grow grow or as they become from a baby to a child to an adult,
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they actually change form.
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For example butterflies, caterpillars, they will change form.
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they grow so they change
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and we saw the example of the egg becoming the chick they change but do non -living things change?
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No, they do not change, right?
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You see a rock and That rock will always be the same.
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It doesn't change by itself.
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I mean, yeah, sure, I can take a hammer and break it and then it changes, but I had to do that or something else had to do that.
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The rock by itself will not change by itself.
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Living things do change by themselves.
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Okay, next we have move.
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Move from one place to another.
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We saw the snail.
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The snail takes a long time.
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move more quickly, right?
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And of course birds move very fast and horses, as we can see in the picture, they move very quickly from one place to another.
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But do non -living things move by themselves?
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No, they don't.
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I mean you might have a doll on your shelf in your bedroom, but if you put it there and you leave it there, it's not going to move.
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I hope, no I'm just kidding, no it won't move, don't worry.
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Okay, so you have to pick it up and put it somewhere.
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And before the snail video I said look at the cars, of course people are making those cars move.
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If you park the car and leave it, the car is not going to move by itself, right?
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So non -living things do not move by themselves.
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Okay, next, last, we have reproduce.
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And we can see the mother and the father and a baby.
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I don't know if it's a girl or a boy, but it's a baby and they have a baby.
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Mother and the father got together, they created a baby.
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All living things have the ability to reproduce, to make younger copies of themselves.
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They're not perfect copies, they're a little bit different.
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We wouldn't, that would be very boring if everybody was the same.
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So it's very interesting that they're a little bit different, but we have the ability to reproduce all living things.
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Do non -living things, can they reproduce?
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No, even though in the picture we see many houses that look like they're the same, right?
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But those houses didn't reproduce by themselves.
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No. People, construction workers, came and built those houses you know, but the houses don't get together and have babies.
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What's a baby house?
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That's crazy.
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We don't, that doesn't happen.
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So non -living things do not reproduce.
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Living things do.
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So this chart shows us many differences between living things and non -living things.
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What do living things do?
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And living things do not do those things.
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Okay, interesting.
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Now, when we take a look at living things, we can say that all living things do these three things in our chart.
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First, we can see that all living things grow.
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The baby drinks milk from her mother.
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So she can grow right when the mothers have the baby they will give milk to their babies
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So the baby needs milk and after the baby gets older the baby doesn't need the milk anymore, but they still need to eat We all need to eat.
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I hope you eat well during the day and you eat healthy foods to stay healthy so you
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if you do that you will grow strong you will grow well okay that's that's important obviously
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so all living things grow the second thing is change, right?
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In the first picture we see the baby, but maybe after a few years now we have a young girl, right?
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So change the girl, you know before the girl is a baby, right?
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She can't talk.
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Maybe she's a gag gag gag gag bo bo bo bo, but that's not talking really, right?
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But when she gets older she can say words, she can make sentences, she can say talk, say what she's thinking, that's to talk.
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She can walk by herself.
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Babies don't walk, they crawl, right?
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And she can eat by herself.
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Mom doesn't have to give her the food, right?
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It goes down.
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The child can eat by herself.
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So the baby girl changed into a child.
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You changed from a baby to a child or a teenager and later on you will become an adult.
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You changed throughout your life.
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most of my changing.
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Still have some change left in me but we all change.
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Everybody changes.
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Reproduce.
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Reproduce is the third thing and that of course is when, you know, we can talk about this girl.
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Actually, let's imagine that this is the same person in each of the picture.
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First we see the little baby, right?
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Then she grows a little bit older, she's a baby, she changes into a child.
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Many years later she becomes a woman and look, she has a baby of her own.
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So she reproduced, she grew older, she became a woman, and with a man she was able to reproduce.
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So the woman has a baby of her own.
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So again, all living things are able to reproduce, to make copies of themselves, not exact copies.
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but copies of themselves.
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New living things.
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And that's life.
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Okay, so living things can do that.
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Okay, now it's time for the reading.
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As usual, read along with me.
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Maybe you can read out loud as I read
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or read along in your head and think about the pronunciation of the words.
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And of course, remember the vocabulary that we learned at the beginning of this unit.
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Are you ready?
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Let's begin.
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Thank you.
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In the world, there are living things and non -living things.
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A living thing is something that is alive.
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Thank you.
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A chick is a living thing.
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A chick lives in a nest.
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It needs space to live in.
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a chick breathes air Air has oxygen in it.
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Do you remember how much?
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Right?
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Usually 21 % oxygen.
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Okay?
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Okay.
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Air has oxygen in it.
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Almost all living things need oxygen to live.
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A chick needs to eat and drink.
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Food and water help keep the chick healthy.
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Thank you.
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Keep healthy, also stay healthy.
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These are very common expressions.
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Stay healthy.
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I hope you stay healthy.
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Please keep healthy.
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Okay, don't say keep your health.
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That's strange.
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Just say keep healthy or stay healthy.
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I Okay, next.
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It grows and changes into a chicken.
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Right?
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So a baby chick will grow and change into an adult chicken.
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Okay, next.
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Living things can reproduce.
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A chicken can make an egg.
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A chick comes from an egg.
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One day the chicken will die.
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All living things die.
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Okay, so living things reproduce, right?
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A chicken makes an egg, chick comes from the egg and then The chick is born, grows older, becomes an adult,
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and it lays an egg too, so you know it goes around and around.
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And then after a while it will die.
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All living things die.
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Thank you.
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Some things do not die because they have never been alive.
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They are called non -living things.
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Rocks are non -living things.
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They do not breathe or grow.
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Rocks do not need to eat or drink.
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A rock does not move by itself.
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Non -living things cannot reproduce.
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Okay. So, that's interesting.
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That passage obviously we had two different things we were talking about.
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Now, when you read about two different things or you write about two different things,
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probably you want to say how were they? the same or how are they different?
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This passage obviously was talking about two different things and they are different.
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They're not the same, they're different.
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One thing, first we saw and we read about living things and we learned what living things do,
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then In the middle of the passage, we changed, we switched, we transitioned, right?
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We had a transition, sorry, a transition.
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A transition is when you change from one subject to another.
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So in the middle of this of the paragraph,
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we had a transition and we started talking about we transitioned into talking about non -living things,
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and we showed how they are different.
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So this is contrast, not comparison, contrast Okay, so when your teacher says,
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you know, compare or contrast, should really be compare or contrast, two different things, you can compare them.
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Oh, you could compare and contrast.
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That would be a bit longer.
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You can say how they're the same and then how they're different.
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You could also do that.
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That's another.
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plan for your essay or for your writing passage.
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But anyway, this was contrast.
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So on the left -hand side, we have living things.
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On the right -hand side, we have non -living things.
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How are they different?
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How do they contrast? contrast equals different, right?
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Show difference.
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So let's start with the left side at the top.
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It says living things are Beep.
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Living things are what?
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Well, living things are, it was similar to a vocabulary word.
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It's not exactly the same, but in the reading passage, remember, it said living things are, what do they do?
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They live.
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If something lives, it is life.
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alive, right?
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So living things are Alive living things are alive alive.
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We say it is alive because we say it lives
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So to live is a verb alive is an adjective right they are alive It is alive.
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Living things need food, water and what else do they need?
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We talked about food, water,
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In the vocabulary section, we talked about something that living things need and to get it,
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To get that thing, we have to do something, We have to breathe.
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What are we getting when we breathe?
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We are getting oxygen.
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Oxygen.
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So, living things need food, water, and oxygen.
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in order to continue living.
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If you don't get food, you die.
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If you don't get water, you die.
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If you don't get oxygen, you die.
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So don't die.
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Get food, get water, get oxygen, stay healthy.
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Okay, good.
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So, living things, beep, and change.
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Now, that kind of means the same thing, right?
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But they're a little bit different, right?
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Because they change, how do they change?
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They get bigger and they get taller.
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When something gets bigger or taller, what are they doing?
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What's the vocabulary word?
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Grow, that's right, grow.
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So, living things grow and change.
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As they grow, of course, they change.
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Now, living things can beep.
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What?
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do living things do that non -living things cannot do.
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Now there's a lot of choices we could use for D, but we can just go over to the right hand side
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and see ah it's the opposite of what is on the right hand side.
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So we say living things can breathe well or living things can grow or living things can reproduce, which one is it?
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So let's look over.
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Non -living things cannot make new things like themselves.
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Aha!
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Make new things like themselves, what does that mean?
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The vocabulary word was reproduce, so we want to show the exact difference,
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so we need to put that here re - Pro deuce oops.
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I'm sorry reproduce you see e okay.
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Let me write that again re Pro -duce.
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Okay.
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You're a little weird with this pen.
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Okay, reproduce.
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So living things can reproduce.
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Those are things that living things can do.
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They're opposite of the other thing, of the other side, non -living things.
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So we said living things are alive, non -living things are not.
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alive, okay, that would be the direct Opposite.
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direct.
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Opposite.
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How are they different?
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Right?
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How How do you contrast them?
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What is the direct opposite?
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Alive, not alive.
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Living things need food, water, and beep.
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oxygen, we already have that, but non -living things do not need food, water, or oxygen.
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Of course, we can just use the same word because Do not need is the direct opposite of need.
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Okay?
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Direct opposite.
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So living things grow and change.
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Non -living things do not grow.
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or change, grow, or change.
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So do not is the opposite of, we don't need do here, but actually, you know, do is kind of what we say implied,
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We don't need it.
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We don't say it.
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We don't say living things do grow and change.
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We don't need do.
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But if you say it negatively, then you say do not.
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Right?
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Non -living things do not grow or change.
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Okay?
475
That's the direct opposite of what they do do.
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Okay.
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And then finally, as we saw before, living things can reproduce.
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Non -living things cannot make new things like themselves.
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That's the same as saying reproduce.
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Okay.
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So basically, this chart shows us the difference the opposites characteristics between living things and non -living things.
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You know, what do living things do?
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What do non -living things Not do right.
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How are they different?
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Okay, so that was an interesting unit, right?
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We talked about the differences between living things and non -living things
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and we focused on what do living things do and and what non -living things don't do.
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Okay, so kind of an interesting lesson.
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Well, that's it for today.
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I hope you learned a lot as always and we'll see you in the next unit or the next lesson.
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Take care, everybody.
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Bye -bye.
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Thank you.
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Contesto e Background
In questo video, il nostro presentatore, Brian Stewart, ci guida attraverso la prima unità del libro di scienza, esplorando la differenza tra gli esseri viventi e le cose non viventi. L'unità si concentra su vocaboli importanti e concetti fondamentali legati alla vita e alla crescita. Questa lezione è particolarmente utile per chi desidera migliorare la propria comprensione e pronuncia in inglese, grazie a una pratica di conversazione in inglese efficace. Attraverso esempi inclusivi e spiegazioni chiare, Brian invita gli ascoltatori a riflettere e a interagire, rendendo l'apprendimento dell'inglese stimolante e accessibile.
Le 5 Frasi Chiave per la Comunicazione Quotidiana
- To live - "Vivere" è un concetto fondamentale.
- To grow - "Crescere" è un processo che avviene nel tempo.
- To change - "Cambiare" indica una trasformazione.
- Live music - Significa musica dal vivo, non registrata.
- It's important to understand - È importante comprendere le differenze.
Guida Passo Passo al Shadowing
Per affrontare la difficoltà di questo video e migliorare la pronuncia inglese, segui questi passaggi nel tuo esercizio di shadowing in inglese:
- Ascolta attentamente: Prima di tutto, ascolta il video senza sottotitoli. Fai attenzione a come Brian pronuncia le parole e le frasi.
- Ripeti immediatamente: Dopo aver ascoltato una frase, fermati e prova a ripeterla ad alta voce. Cerca di imitare l'intonazione e il ritmo.
- Analizza il vocabolario: Fai una lista delle parole chiave come to live, to grow, e to change. Comprendere il loro significato ti aiuterà a usarle correttamente.
- Pratica la ripetizione: Esegui il processo di ripetizione per ogni nuova frase chiave, assicurandoti di utilizzare la giusta intonazione e pronuncia.
- Registra te stesso: Dopo aver praticato, registra la tua voce mentre reciti le frasi. Riascoltati per valutare i tuoi progressi e apportare miglioramenti.
Incorporando queste tecniche nel tuo studio quotidiano, potrai migliorare la pronuncia inglese e diventare più sicuro nel tuo utilizzo della lingua. Ogni piccolo sforzo conta, e il shadow speak è un modo eccellente per familiarizzare con i suoni e le strutture dell'inglese.
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | be pronounced · are designed · is born |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | I've said · we've learned · have never been |
| Possibilità con “might / may” might/may + verbo — qualcosa di possibile ma non certo | might get · might say · might have |
| Past continuous was/were + -ing — un’azione in corso in un momento del passato | were talking · was talking |
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.