Pratica di Shadowing: The Future Mark Zuckerberg Is Trying To Build - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
Scegli una modalità di pratica
Ogni modalità apre una sala di pratica a schermo intero.
619 frasi
Se le frasi sono troppo corte o troppo lunghe, clicca su Edit per modificarle.
1
So I'd love to start with these.
2
10 years of work right there.
3
Someone on your team call these the real life Tony Stark glasses.
4
Very hard to make each one of these.
5
That makes me feel incredibly optimistic.
6
In a world where AI gets smarter and smarter, this is probably going to be the next major platform after phones.
7
I miss hugging my mom.
8
Yeah, haptics is hard.
9
How does generative AI change how social media feels?
10
We haven't found the end yet.
11
The average American has fewer friends now than they did 15 years ago.
12
Why do you think that's happening?
13
I mean, there's a lot going on to unpack there.
14
I'm about to interview Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg.
15
Mark Zuckerberg.
16
There are not that many people with more power over what our future might look like.
17
Nearly half the total human population now uses Meta products.
18
And I just tested some of their new tech that feels like science fiction.
19
Stop!
20
This is crazy.
21
Mark Zuckerberg and the team at Meta are imagining a future that billions of other people might actually end up living in.
22
So my goal for this conversation is to try to figure out what that future really looks like.
23
To paint a picture of the future Mark Zuckerberg is trying to build, so that you can decide for yourself what you think of it.
24
Welcome to the first episode of our new series, Huge Conversations.
25
Awesome.
26
I'd love to tell you what my goal is of this conversation.
27
Go for it.
28
So we have a show called Huge If True, which is this very optimistic show about science and technology and the potential futures that we can build.
29
and in every episode we're sort of exploring what does it look like if you play a certain technological future out.
30
And so my goal in this conversation is to try to help people see the future
31
that you're imagining when you're building the products that you and the meta team are building.
32
What are you imagining this looks like in the future?
33
How are you imagining people use this?
34
All of that.
35
Yeah.
36
Cool.
37
Awesome.
38
So I'd love to start with these.
39
Let's do it.
40
10 years of work right there.
41
I got to demo them a little bit earlier today.
42
I heard someone on your team call these the real life Tony Stark glasses.
43
We're getting there.
44
But I'd love to just hear in your voice, what are these?
45
Well, these are the first full holographic augmented reality glasses, I think, that exist in the world.
46
We've made, I think it's a few thousand or something, right? very hard to make each one of these
47
but this is the culmination of 10 years of research
48
and development that we've done to basically miniaturize all the computing
49
that you need to have glasses not a headset but glasses
50
that can put full holograms into the world with a wide field of view
51
so you can imagine sort of in the future we'd be having a version of this conversation where you know, maybe I or you are not even here.
52
It's like one of us is physically here and the other one is here as a, as kind of a full body hologram.
53
And it's not just a video call.
54
You can actually interact.
55
You can do things.
56
I mean, in the demo, we had the, you know, ping pong and games and things like that.
57
But I mean, you could, you can interact, you can work together, you can, you know, play poker, play chess, whatever, like the holographic cards, holographic board game.
58
I just think it's going to be wild.
59
It's going to remake, I think,
60
so many different fields that we think about today from how we work and productivity to a lot of things around science,
61
a lot of things around education, entertainment, fun, gaming.
62
But this is just the beginning.
63
This is the first version.
64
It's a prototype version that we've made in order to develop the next version, which is hopefully going to be the consumer one that we sell to a lot of people.
65
Why build this?
66
Well, I think it's going to be the next major computing platform.
67
So if you look at like the grand arc of computing over time,
68
you've gone from like mainframes to computers that basically like live on your desk
69
or on a tower to phones that you have in your hand that you basically like, you know, can take with you everywhere that you want, but it's pretty unnatural, right?
70
It takes you away from the world around you.
71
And I think that the trend in computing is it gets more ubiquitous,
72
it gets more natural, and it just gets more social, right?
73
So you want to be able to interact with people in the world around you
74
and I think that this is probably gonna be the next major platform after phones.
75
Look at these two.
76
These are the clear ones that show all the technology.
77
Yeah, the whole thing is a special edition and this is like a really special edition.
78
There's not a single millimeter of.. space.
79
It's, you know, everything in here from the micro projectors that basically shoot light into the waveguides, right?
80
It's a special type of display system.
81
I mean, these aren't normal displays like you have in a phone or a TV or computer, like the type of displays that people have been building for decades.
82
It's a waveguide system.
83
The projector that's shooting light basically goes into these nano etchings across the waveguide that are what catches and creates the holograms.
84
In order to synchronize that with where you're looking, there's eye tracking and little cameras.
85
They illuminate your eyes.
86
And then, of course, there's all the basic stuff that you need, all the computing, the batteries to power the whole thing, microphones,
87
the speakers, because it needs to be able to play audio
88
and speak with you and the cameras
89
and sensors to see things around you in the world so
90
that way when it's placing holograms in the world it can do
91
that in the right place and understand where you are so
92
that probably is still not covering everything because there's a lot of things
93
that need to go into syncing up the holographic images between the two displays
94
because you don't just have a single display like you have in a phone
95
or TV you have two and it moves around and you know physical things are hard and need to be synced up.
96
There's also the radio that has to communicate with your other computing devices to do heavier computing
97
and the wrist -based neural interface that you probably got to try out.
98
We kind of miniaturized all of this
99
and fit it into you know normal looking pair of glasses
100
which is you know when I told the team
101
that we're going to do this ten years ago you know people weren't sure if we were going to be able to.
102
But I think not only are we going to be able to do this, but I think we're going to be able to get it cheaper
103
and higher quality and even smaller and more stylish over time.
104
So I think this is going to be a pretty wild future.
105
There are so many versions of trying to get a similar idea of digital objects in physical space.
106
I'm thinking of, for example, glasses that have heads -up displays where it's headlocked
107
and it's moving with my eyes glasses that are really creating digital objects in physical space that don't move as I move.
108
I'm thinking of these.
109
I'm also thinking of the Snapchat spectacles that they just announced.
110
Then, on the other hand, there are headsets like the Quest and also like the Apple Vision Pro that seem to fall into a different category.
111
I'm curious how you would organize this landscape for people
112
and how you think about people using these tools in their real lives in the near future.
113
Yeah, so when we were getting started on this about 10 years ago, I thought that something like this was going to be the ultimate product for everyone.
114
You get to a normal looking pair of glasses, and we'll continue improving that, that can have full holographic images.
115
I think it's super powerful and it is sort of the science fiction future
116
that I think we all hope to get to.
117
On the journey, we took a few other approaches as well to help us develop towards that,
118
including building glasses that don't have displays to try to learn just take a stylish pair of glasses today
119
and put as much technology into it as you can
120
but really focus on the form factor and that's the ray -ban meta glasses
121
and it's doing really well and initially we thought that
122
that was sort of intro product for us to learn how to build this
123
but one of the things that's clear now is you're going to be able to make
124
that product a lot more affordable than this, probably permanently.
125
So I actually think that there are going to be a bunch of different of these paths
126
that we've taken are going to be kind of permanent product lines that people will choose.
127
I think you'll see displayless glasses like the Ray -Ban metas continue to get better and better.
128
Great for AI.
129
No display, but you can talk to it.
130
It can talk back.
131
I think there's going to be something in between these that's basically a heads up display.
132
So it's not a 70 degree field of view.
133
Maybe it's a 20 degree or 30 degree field of view.
134
So that's not going to be what you want for putting kind of a full hologram of a person
135
or interacting with the world around you.
136
But it's going to be great for, you know, when you're talking to AI, not just having voice, but also being able to see what it's saying.
137
Or being able to text someone with your wrist based neural interface
138
and then have their text show up rather than having it read to you, which is we read faster than we can listen.
139
Or getting directions right or I'm just being able to search for information
140
and get all that So there's a lot of value for a heads -up display
141
that will be somewhat more expensive than the displayless glasses
142
But somewhat cheaper than this then I think you're gonna get this it's going to be
143
Probably the most premium and an expensive of the glasses products, but hopefully still something that you know,
144
like a computer, is generally accessible to most people in the world.
145
But I think that there are going to be all of those, and I think people will like them.
146
I also think that the headsets that people are using around mixed reality will continue to be a thing, too, because no matter how good we get at miniaturizing the tech for this,
147
you're just going to be able to fit more compute into a full headset.
148
Fundamentally, our mission is not build something that is advanced and only a few people can use.
149
We want to take it the last mile and do all the innovation to get it to everyone.
150
We just shipped or announced Quest 3S, the new mixed reality headset.
151
We basically are delivering high quality mixed reality for $299.
152
I was really proud last year when we delivered Quest 3, the first kind of really high quality,
153
high resolution color mixed reality device for $500.
154
It's like a fraction of the cost of what the competitors are doing.
155
And I think it's actually higher quality in a lot of ways.
156
And now we've just doubled down on that.
157
So I think that they're all actually going to end up being important long -term product lines.
158
Display lists, heads -up display, full holographic AR, full headsets.
159
I think that they're all going to be important.
160
Yeah.
161
If you play out the future of not just the hardware that we've been talking about.
162
So, Meta Ray -Bans, Quest, Orion, but also the Llama models.
163
If everything goes according to you and the team's wildest dreams.
164
I'd love for you to just begin to describe what that feels like.
165
Sure.
166
I mean, I think that there are two primary values that we're trying to bring.
167
On the AR and kind of mixed reality side, the main value we're trying to bring is this feeling of presence.
168
So there's something that I think is just really deep about being physically present with another person
169
that you don't get from any other technology today.
170
And I think that's the thing when people have a very visceral reaction to experiencing virtual or mixed reality.
171
What they're really reacting to is that they actually, for the first time with technology, feel a sense of presence.
172
Like they're in a place with a person.
173
And that's super powerful.
174
Like I focused on designing social apps and experiences for 20 years.
175
That's sort of like the holy grail of
176
that is being able to build a technology platform that delivers this like deep sense of social presence.
177
The other big track is around personalized AI.
178
And for that, and that's sort of where Lama and MetAI and all those things are going.
179
There's all this development that's going into making the models smarter
180
and smarter over time but I think where this is gonna get really compelling is
181
when it's personalized for you
182
and in order for it to be personalized for you it has to have context
183
and understand what's going on in your life both kind of at a global level
184
and like what's physically happening around you right now
185
and in order to do that I think
186
that glasses are going to be the ideal form factor
187
because they're positioned on your face in a way where they can let them see what you see
188
and hear what you hear, which are the two most important senses that we use for kind of taking an information and context about the world.
189
I think that this is all going to be kind of really deep and profound stuff.
190
But it's basically those two things.
191
It's this feeling of presence and this capability of really personalized intelligence that can help you.
192
I'd love to talk about each of those two things.
193
The first on presence, I owe a lot to being able to connect with people online, right? this job
194
that i have is by definition yeah yeah also with my
195
family my parents don't live anywhere close to me i video call them a lot
196
and when i think about the progress of technology like this
197
in a timeline from like the telegram to the telephone to
198
video call to some feeling of presence with another person who's feels like they're right there in front of me
199
that makes me feel incredibly optimistic i would love a future
200
where like i can lose in scrabble to my mom
201
and feel like she's really there in front of me yeah
202
and it feels like we're not that far away from something i agree
203
that persuades my brain that that's happening yeah totally and also i miss
204
hugging my mom right like that never goes away yeah haptics is hard yeah
205
and so my question is And my question is about that.
206
It's about this feeling of like,
207
it's hard for me to imagine a future where real physical presence is not different and special in some way,
208
where I don't miss literally hugging my mom.
209
And I'm curious how you think about the parts of human connection
210
that are eye contact and physical touch and things that our eight brains value for connection with other people.
211
Mm -hmm.
212
Yeah, well, eye contact I think we're going to get to a lot before the touch part.
213
For haptics, I do think we'll make progress on that, but it's obviously there's a spectrum there too from kind of hands, which is where
214
if you draw out the kind of like homunculus version of
215
a person in terms of like what are our kind of sensory, you know, what's like the majority of what we're sensing.
216
Yeah, it looks funny.
217
Yeah, yeah, yeah.
218
So I think being able to do that for your hands is probably the most important place to start.
219
And you have a rough version of that with controllers today.
220
I think that'll get even more over time.
221
We have this demo playing ping pong where you have a controller where as the digital ball hits the ping pong paddle,
222
you feel it hit as if it's hitting the ping pong paddle wherever it is.
223
So you actually have a sense of where it's hitting the paddle.
224
So I think that was just a wild demo.
225
So I think we'll get some of that.
226
The most extreme version of this is wanting force feedback, right?
227
So, I mean, like for doing a lot of sports, right, it's like, okay,
228
we can kind of do a good approximation of like boxing today where you get like good feedback on your hands.
229
But it would be hard to do a virtual reality version of jujitsu where you're like grappling with someone
230
and you need like real kind of force feedback on it.
231
So that's probably like the hardest thing to go do.
232
But I think we'll get there.
233
You know, I think like most science fiction, it's not this binary thing that you just like wake up one day and we're like, oh, we've realized all the dreams.
234
But I do think that these platforms are going to be the first time
235
that I think that there's a realistic sense of presence in all the ways
236
that that's special to people for most things that people want to do, which are not the most physical ones.
237
And even some of the basic physical ones I think we'll get.
238
But then there's a long tail of other stuff.
239
I mean smell is also really important for people.
240
Yeah.
241
Right?
242
I think it's disproportionately important for memories.
243
And that's not really a thing
244
that I think in the next few years we're going to have in any of these devices.
245
I mean that's a very difficult and challenging thing on its own.
246
What is the piece of that that you feel most interested in that you keep coming back to in your mind?
247
This has the frustrating property to develop
248
that the sense of presence is almost like when you're designing something that that's sort of trying to artificially deliver it.
249
You're delivering an illusion to a person and more than any one thing that provides a sense of presence.
250
It's actually more the case
251
that any one thing done wrong breaks the sense of presence you kind of know that you're interacting with technology,
252
but it's so convincing that you just kind of go along with it.
253
And you're like, okay, yeah, no, this person feels like they're there.
254
When I did that ping pong demo, at the end of it, I dropped the ping pong paddle on the virtual table and it shattered.
255
So that was not the best for our internal development.
256
But that's winning in our development right?
257
It's like when you feel like something is kind of so realistic that you're just convinced that it's there.
258
And there are a lot of things that can break that, right?
259
So I think a field of view that's too low, right?
260
So something feels real, but then you turn your head and it's not there.
261
Latency, right?
262
Physics that don't behave like realistic physics.
263
It also is interesting in some ways what people can accept as physically real even though it's not right
264
so like we've done a ton of work on avatars we
265
we have this whole work stream on codec avatars to do these photorealistic avatars
266
and it's i think it's going to be incredibly compelling and people are going to love it but
267
one of the things that i found interesting is the ability to mix photorealistic
268
and expressive kind of the cartoony avatars with photorealistic worlds and kind of more cartoony computer game type worlds.
269
So you can have the, a codec kind of photorealistic avatar of a person in what is clearly like a video game or cartoon world.
270
And people are generally pretty fine with that.
271
It's like, okay, that, that feels pretty good.
272
And similarly having a photorealistic world, but good, increasingly good kind of cartoon avatars,
273
as long as the avatars move in a way that feels authentic to the person you're interacting with, it actually feels pretty good.
274
You know, when you look at a 2D still frame of it, some of the stuff can look a little bit silly.
275
And we've certainly, you know, had our share of memes around that.
276
But when you're in there, you know, and you've played around with a lot of the stuff,
277
it feels realistic because it's basically mimicking the kind of authentic mannerisms of a person that you're interacting with.
278
And even if it's not a Kodak, but a realistic avatar, if it's kind of a more cartoony, expressive one.
279
So I think that that's...
280
It's very interesting to see kind of which pieces you need to unlock
281
and where you just need to be like very technically excellent and consistent.
282
But this isn't a space where it's like you deliver one thing and it's good.
283
This is like there's a wide breadth of things that you need to nail and then have it all come together.
284
And that's why these are 10 -year projects.
285
It seems like an interesting way to learn about the human brain
286
and what we actually care about with respect to what feels real.
287
I was wondering about, there was this moment in an interview that you did with Lex Friedman.
288
You quoted research that says that the average American has fewer friends now than they did 15 years ago.
289
Yeah.
290
And I was so interested in that because it seems like
291
if we want to get to a world where there's more human connection, this is the trend that we're going to have to grapple with.
292
And just to give some data on this, in the American Time Use Survey, over the last 20 years,
293
the amount of time American adults spend socializing in person has dropped by nearly 30%.
294
For ages 15 to 24, according to the Surgeon General, it's nearly 70%.
295
And I look at that data and I think to myself, well, maybe if we're all socializing digitally, that doesn't matter so much.
296
Maybe there's a future where that's actually fine.
297
But there's also data that suggests that we're struggling somewhat.
298
The number of Americans who say that they don't have a single close friend,
299
that share has jumped from 3 % to 12 % in the last 30 years.
300
It feels to me like with all the tools that we've built for human connection, we're struggling to connect.
301
And I'm curious, why do you think that's happening?
302
I mean, there's a lot going on to unpack there.
303
A lot has changed sort of economically and socially during that period.
304
And a lot of those trends go back before a lot of the modern technology.
305
So, I mean, this is something that a lot of academics and folks have studied, but it is an interesting lens to look at this,
306
though, because I think whenever you're talking about building digital types of connection, one of the first questions that you get is,
307
is that going to replace the physical connection? and my answer to
308
that especially in the case of something like this is that no because
309
people already don't have as much connection as they would like
310
to have it's not like this is replacing some sort of better physical connection
311
that they would have otherwise had it's
312
that the average person would like to have 10 friends
313
and they have two right or three
314
and there's just more demand to socialize than what people are able to do given the current construct
315
and giving people the ability to be present with people who
316
are in other places physically just seems like it will unlock more it's not going to make it
317
so if I have glasses it's not gonna make it
318
that I spend less time with my wife it's going to make it
319
so that I spend more time with you know my sister who lives across the country
320
and um that's I think that that's that's good I think people need that.
321
As for the rest, I think we could probably spend a multi -hour podcast just going into all of the different kind of socio -economic,
322
political dynamics that are going on.
323
But none of the trends that I've seen, does it seem like the primary thing that's going on, is that because people are interacting online,
324
they're now not interacting with people physically.
325
It's, no, certainly I think you, I do interact with people online who I also like to interact with physically,
326
but, and I think that that's kind of like a combination, like more combined, richer relationship that you have overall.
327
But I think that there's a lot going on with the loss of, of kind of social capital and connections that really predates a lot of the modern technology.
328
The goal of what I'm trying most to learn about is how we can structure the technologies
329
that we use in the future to get toward this future I think you're imagining of more human connection in more ways.
330
I'm curious, you brought up the other big pillar of AI.
331
And in some of your conversations, I'm thinking of a conversation with Tim Ferriss in particular, you talked about a lot of different use cases of AI.
332
And they seem to me to fall on somewhat of a spectrum.
333
Like, for example, you mentioned automatic real -time translation.
334
It's like basically the Star Trek translator, universal translator.
335
I think we're pretty much there.
336
Yeah.
337
And that's one example on one end of the spectrum where some people might argue
338
that there is a chance that someone is less likely, for example, to learn a language because we can all speak to each other in real time in different languages.
339
I think nobody would really argue that therefore we shouldn't have that kind of universal translator.
340
Also, a lot of people still learn Latin and Greek.
341
Right, exactly.
342
And so I think that end of the spectrum is something like technologies
343
that really measurably unlock our humanity because they remove a struggle between people.
344
And then on the other end of the spectrum, there are a lot of educational things, for example, where the struggle is kind of the point.
345
It's like building a muscle.
346
I can think of so many times in my life where the reason why I was doing something was not the output, it was the fact that I was trying so hard to do it.
347
There's one example in the Tim Ferriss interview where you talked about your kids struggling to articulate themselves emotionally.
348
And adults very much have the same problem.
349
And you talked about AI as a way to help them articulate those emotions.
350
Yeah.
351
And I thought about all of the many times in my life where I have struggled to articulate my emotions
352
and how I really could have used some help in those moments.
353
And I also find myself thinking about the times when that was really building a muscle,
354
where like the act of struggling to communicate with someone and understand what they wanted from me was important to my development.
355
And so my question is, if you think about that as a spectrum between things
356
that are really important to our humanity
357
and the struggle being removed is helpful versus things where the struggle is the point
358
and it unlocks something about our humanity and is important to preserve, like building a muscle.
359
How do you draw the line between those things
360
and how do we ensure that the muscles that we're building for this future are stronger and not weaker?
361
Yeah, it's interesting.
362
I mean, I think we're always going to find new things to struggle with.
363
And I mean, it's you can always get better at communicating with other people
364
and kind of expressing yourself and understanding other people.
365
So having a tool that can help you do that better isn't going to mean that like, oh, now we perfectly understand every, you know, it's.
366
Yeah.
367
And I mean, I think the maybe one of the most functional aspects of this, you're already seeing a lot of these AI models really help
368
people with coding right like a generation ago before I was
369
getting started a lot of coding was like really low -level system software
370
and you know then by the time
371
that I got into it there's a little bit of that
372
but you can make websites pretty easily make apps pretty easily
373
and I think in 20 years or a lot sooner than
374
that you're gonna basically be in a world where kids will be able to just describe the things
375
that they want and build incredibly complex pieces of software.
376
So it's, um, in that world, are kids going to be not struggling?
377
I don't think so.
378
I think that they're going to be just, um, expressing their creativity and it'll, it'll be this kind of constant iterative feedback loop around like,
379
okay, like, yeah, I, you know, took a few minutes to describe this thing and like,
380
yeah, this whole like amazing virtual world was created that I can now see on my glasses or whatever, but like these things are not exactly what I want them to be.
381
So now I need to like go back and edit them.
382
It just, I don't know.
383
I think that there's always more.
384
That's one of the things that makes people so good.
385
It just, there's always more to do.
386
We'll always find the struggle.
387
Yeah.
388
Another way to get at this is if you play this out to make the tools even better, in like 10 years, let's say your kids are in high school,
389
are there ways that you would want them using AI
390
because you think it would accelerate them intellectually and ways that you would
391
Advocate for them not to use it or things that you would have concerns about.
392
I Mean I think that there are some things
393
that you need to be able to do yourself I think that's a lot of the basic fear
394
that people have around this is that while we're building these amazing tools
395
We get away from the self -confidence and ability of being able to do like this basic stuff yourself So it's like, all right, you have a calculator,
396
but it's still good to be able to do kind of basic math in your head
397
because there are a lot of things that come up throughout the day
398
that you just want to have a general numeracy around, right?
399
That often they're not expressed in numerical terms, but just in terms of understanding trends or understanding arguments that people are making,
400
you kind of need to understand the shape of how numbers come together.
401
And so I think one of the big debates is like, should we still teach our kids to program computers,
402
even though you're going to have these these tools in the future that are just so.
403
much more powerful than anything that we have now to produce incredibly complicated pieces of software?
404
I think the answer to that is probably yes, because I think teaching someone how to code is teaching them a way to think rigorously.
405
And that even if they're not doing most of the code production, I think it's important that you kind of have the ability to think in that way.
406
And I think it's going to just make you generally a better thinker and better person.
407
So yeah, maybe that's like this generation's version of calculators.
408
It's like, so you'll want to use the calculator, but you'll also want to be able to generally do without it.
409
Other ones like language, I don't know, I mean, different people can come out.
410
I mean, I think this is one of the interesting questions about parenting these days is like,
411
is just kind of like what's important to teach your kids in an era where
412
so much is going to change over the time that they're even in school.
413
language I think you can make similar arguments I know there's
414
a lot of it's like it's probably gonna be less functionally relevant in the future to learn multiple languages
415
but it sort of helps you think in different ways you know I found from the languages
416
that I've studied
417
that a lot of it yeah you learn about the structure
418
of your own language you can you know you also learn about the culture right
419
because so much of how things are expressed in different places is tied to the nuance
420
and the history of of kind of what how so I I think that's all valuable and interesting stuff to get into.
421
But then, I don't know, at the same time, we only have so many hours in the day, so people need to prioritize what they're going to learn.
422
And it may be that, okay, in a world with perfect translation, which, by the way, we basically just announced on the Ray -Ban Metas
423
that now you're going to be able to just go to different countries.
424
I was testing that as well.
425
Yeah, we're starting out with just a few languages, but we'll roll it out to more.
426
And you could be traveling anywhere, and you have your glasses, and they just translate in real time in your ear. So it's wild.
427
Yeah, so I think people are going to need to choose what they want to focus on going forward.
428
How do the developments that we've been talking about in AI intersect with social media
429
and the platforms that most people use today?
430
There's a future where there's generated images and generated text and maybe AI influencers.
431
How does generative AI change how social media feels in the future?
432
Yeah, I mean, I think that that's a really deep one.
433
You know, there's already been one big shift, which is that social media started out as people primarily interacting with their friends.
434
And now it is, you know, at least half of the content is basically people interacting with creators
435
or content that's not created by people who they kind of personally know.
436
So we sort of already have that paradigm
437
and I think AI is probably going to accelerate that it will give all these people additional tools Right,
438
so your friends will create kind of funnier memes and more interesting content
439
That will come from a lot of different ways I think
440
some of it will be okay your friends have glasses
441
and they capture a bunch of stuff
442
and Before they might have not been able to edit it to make it interesting
443
Or maybe it was just too much work or they didn't realize
444
that they captured something amazing but now the AI is like, hey, I like made this thing for you out of your content.
445
It's like, okay, that's awesome.
446
Like people enjoy that.
447
Creators, obviously kind of much more specialized skills are going to
448
be able to use even more advanced AI tools to make more compelling content.
449
But then I think
450
that there will be a bunch of kind of green field
451
type stuff where maybe in the future there will be content
452
that is purely generated by AI by the system personalized for you.
453
Maybe it's summarizing things that are out there that are going to be interesting.
454
Maybe it's just producing something funny that makes you laugh.
455
This is going to be a very kind of deep zone that there's a lot to experiment with.
456
I know there There are going to be AI creators as well as creators building AI versions of themselves.
457
I mean, that's a thing that we just showed too at Connect is basically, I mean, if you're a creator, one of the big challenges is like, all right, there are only so many hours in the day
458
and your community probably has a nearly unlimited demand to interact with you
459
and you want to interact with them because you're trying to grow your community.
460
I mean, that's both socially and from a business perspective, that's sort of growing the community is an important part of what every creator does. So, okay,
461
if we can make it so that each creator can basically make an AI artifact that their community can interact with,
462
people will be clear that it's not the actual creator themselves, but it's almost like a piece of digital art that you're producing, like an interactive sculpture or something, that it's like you train it to,
463
here's the context that I wanted to have, here's the topics I wanted to communicate on, here's stuff that I wanted to stay away from.
464
You're giving your community something to interact with when you can't be there to kind of answer all the questions.
465
And I know that's going to be super compelling.
466
So there's like all these interesting things, but I think it's AI.
467
It's kind of like the Internet in a way where it's probably going to change almost every field
468
and almost every feature of every application that we use.
469
It seems sort of hyperbolic to say that, but I do think that's true.
470
And it's just hard to sort of enumerate all the different things up front.
471
But I think that over the next five to 10 years, we're just going to explore the impacts in each of these areas.
472
And it's going to be an amazing amount of innovation and really exciting.
473
I feel two things simultaneously when you say that.
474
I feel both like I really want to be optimistic about the future of these platforms
475
and I obviously have gained so much from an enormous pace of change, right?
476
Like everything that we're doing now.
477
And what I actually feel is worried.
478
I feel some specific concerns around the way that, you know, I might communicate with an audience and the way
479
that they might respond to that or the way that human communication might change, but also more generalized just sort of fear of the pace of change and worry.
480
And I don't think I'm alone in that feeling.
481
Yeah, and you're supposed to be the optimist.
482
I know.
483
And I'm curious, like, how you talk to people who feel that way.
484
What concerns do you feel are most legitimate?
485
And what do you feel most misunderstood?
486
I think the pace of change is always a concerning thing, right?
487
It's, um, there is a lot of uncertainty about how things will go in the future
488
and we're all going to get really amazing new tools to do both our hobbies and our jobs and
489
they'll make it so we can do better work
490
and have better lives
491
but at least on the professional side it's going to be our responsibility to keep up with that
492
or else it's going to be difficult for us to compete
493
with other people who are doing a good job of kind of keeping up with the new trend.
494
So I get it.
495
I mean, I think, um, um, you know, especially in the, you know, line of, of work of being a creator and it's a very sort of competitive space.
496
I don't think that like creators necessarily think about it as competitive, but it is right.
497
It's like, it's, you know, and, um, and so I get it.
498
I think that this is going to make it so
499
that like the quality of work that people produce
500
and how interesting it is and how much they can communicate
501
and and really efficiently is just gonna kind of go through the roof.
502
But when you're staring down a set of changes, like you know that there's some big change coming,
503
and you don't know what it is, that's always a time of anxiety.
504
So I get it.
505
If I take my creator hat off, and I'm just a person who is young -ish, starting out my career -ish,
506
starting out building a family,
507
how would you advise someone like me to prepare well for the future that we're headed toward,
508
to be able to learn new skills now or just think about this future in an educated way?
509
Yeah.
510
I mean, I just think maintaining curiosity about things is important.
511
I do think we can overstate to what extent the next
512
10 years is going to be sort of different from the last 10 or 15.
513
I mean, a ton of stuff changed over the last 10 or 15 years too.
514
It's not like this is the only time in history where there's some technology that's going to make it
515
so there's new opportunities and things change.
516
The internet coming into maturity and everyone having smartphones has already rewired things dramatically.
517
And I mean, maybe the next period will be a somewhat bigger change or maybe it won't.
518
Um, I think it'll feel different to different people, but, um, I don't think this is like going from zero to one.
519
It's not like, okay, everything's just kind of been normal.
520
And now like, now it's about to change.
521
It's like the technology evolves over time and, and like the opportunities that we have evolve and improve.
522
And I think that that's like the people who do well, I think are people who are generally, um, curious about it and dig in
523
and try to use it to live better lives rather than the people who basically try to fight it in some way.
524
One thing that I really want to ask you about is open sourced.
525
Yeah.
526
I think, imagine that we're talking to an audience that has maybe heard that term,
527
but doesn't have any real idea of how that might impact them in the development of AI.
528
Yeah.
529
How would you explain the reasonable debate that people in your field are having about this right now?
530
Well, I think there are two pieces.
531
I mean, so what does open source mean?
532
It means that people can build a lot of different things.
533
So at a high level, I look at the vision that a bunch of companies have.
534
So OpenAI, Google, they're building an AI, one AI that I think in general they're like, okay, this is going to be, it's like you're going to use,
535
they think you're going to use Gemini or ChatGPT for all of the different things that you want to interact with.
536
And at a high level, that's just not how I think the world is going to go.
537
I think we're going to have a lot of different AI systems, just like we're going to have, we have a lot of different apps.
538
I think in the future, every business, just like they have a website and a phone number
539
and an email address and a social media account is also going to have an AI
540
that can interact with their customers to help them sell things, to help them do support.
541
I think a lot of creators will have their own AIs, right?
542
I think like a lot of people will will interact with
543
with a bunch of different things there's a question of okay do you want a future
544
that's fundamentally kind of very concentrated
545
and where you're interacting with kind of one system for everything
546
or do you want one where a lot of different people are building a lot of different ais
547
and systems just kind of like you probably didn't want there to be you know just one app
548
or just one website it's like a richer world
549
when there's a diversity of different things So that's one piece is just giving people the ability to build it themselves.
550
And what open source does, it makes it so that everyone can take and modify the model and build stuff on top of it, which is different from the kind of closed and centralized approach.
551
The safety debate is a specific part of this, which is in a world where AI gets smarter and smarter.
552
What's the way that we have the highest chance of having a kind of positive future
553
and not having a lot of the safety concerns?
554
And I think some people think that if we keep the model closed and don't give it to a lot of developers,
555
that should make it safer because then you don't get bad developers doing bad things with the model.
556
Historically, I think what we've seen with open source is actually the opposite, which is that this is not the first open source project, right?
557
I mean, this is obviously, this has been a thing in the industry for decades.
558
And I think what we've traditionally seen is that open source software is safer and more secure, largely because you put it out there,
559
more people can scrutinize it because they can see all parts of the system.
560
And then there are inevitably issues with any software there are bugs, there are security issues, and initially with open source people thought,
561
hey, if you're putting the software out there and there are holes in it, isn't everyone just going to go exploit those holes, and especially the bad guys?
562
But it turned out that it sort of in this counterintuitive way that by adding more scrutiny to the systems,
563
the holes became apparent quicker and then were fixed.
564
And then people roll out a new version, just like we roll out a new version of our models
565
right llama 3 llama 3 .1 llama 3 .2 everyone upgrades
566
um
567
so i think the same thing is going to happen here
568
i think it's sort of this counterintuitive thing where even though
569
i think there's some concern around all right are bad guys
570
going to do bad things with these models i actually think you just get a kind of smarter
571
and safer model for everyone, the more it's rolled out, the more kind of scrutiny is on it.
572
And then part of that is we get feedback and we make the model safer.
573
So that as we roll it out to more people, it's safer for more people to use.
574
So I think that the history of open source and the software industry
575
generally would suggest that open source is going to lead to a more prosperous and safer future.
576
Our show is called Huge If True.
577
And what I mean by that is kind of testing the most optimistic, non -obvious thing.
578
And so my question to you is, what is the biggest open,
579
genuine question on your mind right now? In which field?
580
You're in so many.
581
I am particularly curious about the combination of AI and hardware, but I realize that we've covered a lot.
582
So I'm curious the direction you'd take this on a question that occupies you right now.
583
Gosh, I mean, I think maybe one that's a little more AI specific is the recurrent set of methods
584
that seem to be scaling very well, right?
585
So with past AI architectures, you could kind of feed an AI system a certain amount of data and use a certain amount of compute,
586
but eventually it hit a plateau.
587
And One of the interesting things about these new transformer -based architectures over the last,
588
you know, five to ten years is that we haven't found the end yet.
589
So that leads to this dynamic where Lama 3, you know, we could train on, you know, 10 ,000 to 20 ,000 GPUs.
590
Lama 4, we could train on more than 100 ,000 GPUs.
591
Lama 5, we can plan to scale even further.
592
And there's just an interesting question of how far
593
that goes it's totally possible that at some point we just like hit a limit
594
and just like previous systems there's an asymptote
595
and it doesn't keep on growing but it's also possible that
596
that limit is not gonna happen anytime soon and
597
that we're gonna be able to keep on just building more clusters
598
and generating more you know synthetic data to train the systems
599
and that they're just going to keep on getting more and more useful for people for quite a while to come.
600
And it's a really big and high stakes question, I think, for the companies,
601
because we're basically making these bets on how much infrastructure to build out for the future.
602
And this is like hundreds of billions of dollars of infrastructure.
603
So like I'm clearly betting that this is going to keep scaling for a while.
604
But it's one of the big questions, I think, in the field, because it is possible that it doesn't.
605
You know, that obviously would lead to a very different world where it's, I mean, I'm sure people still figure it out eventually,
606
just need to make some new fundamental improvements to the architecture in some way.
607
But that might be a somewhat longer trajectory for, okay, maybe, you know, the kind of fundamental AI advances slow down for a bit
608
and we just take some time to build new products around this.
609
Or it could be the case, and that's what I'm betting on, that the fundamental AI will just continue advancing for quite a
610
while and that we're going to get both a new set of products
611
that are just really compelling in all these ways and
612
that the technology landscape and what's possible will just continue being dynamic over like a 20 -year period and
613
That's probably what I guess is gonna happen
614
But it I think it's one of the bigger questions in the industry
615
and kind of for technology across the world today Is there anything else that you want to say?
616
I don't know.
617
We're good Amazing.
618
Thank you so much for doing this.
619
Yeah, no, thank you.
Scarica l'app
Tutto ciò che serve per parlare fluentemente
Pronuncia con IAVoto per ogni frase
Pratica IPAPadroneggia ogni suono
VocabolarioCostruisci il tuo lessico
Gioco di vocabolarioImpara giocando
Stesso Canale
B138
Antarctica Is Bigger Than You Think
American AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
Formula 1, Explained for Rookies
American AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B25
How Big Is The Biggest Black Hole?
American AccentUniversity Students
B22
What If The Earth Was Flat?
American AccentUniversity Students
B23
The Shoe That Broke Running
American AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
I Wrote a NEW Sci-Fi with Project Hail Mary Author Andy Weir
American AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1What If I Fell Into A Black Hole?
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
Formula 1 Cars, Explained with Max Verstappen
American AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
Would You Use An Artificial Womb? (I Would)
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
The New Hunt for the Colossal Squid
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B28
Humanity’s Real Plan to Stop This Asteroid (Feat. Mark Rober)
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
Why Gravity Is A Lie, explained in Zero G
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
The Ocean Is Deeper Than You Think. We Need Better Maps.
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B26
Something’s Happening to the Ozone Hole
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2The Big Lie About Nuclear Waste
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2How Did Dinosaurs Actually Go Extinct?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B2The Sun Is Weirder Than You Think
American AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1How Will The Universe Die?
American AccentUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
Video consigliato
B22
54 frasi
Meta is pivoting again... everything you missed from Connect 2026
American AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2635
38 frasi
Stop introducing yourself like this.
Business EnglishInterview EnglishDaily Conversation
B21
386 frasi
Communicating the Future: Defining Where We Want AI To Take Us
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B222
40 frasi
Zuckerberg tells Harvard grads: Don't be afraid to make mistakes
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
187 frasi
startup diaries ep. 9 - taking on quizlet and duolingo
Business EnglishDaily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
155 frasi
Want To Make Your Ideas Stick? Make It Into A Meme!
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
201 frasi
Cleo Abram Answers The Web's Most Searched Questions | WIRED
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
44 frasi
From Listening to Speaking | SHADOWING with Mark Zuckerberg | American Accent 🎧
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B215
184 frasi
ENGLISH SPEECH | ELON MUSK: Think Big & Dream Even Bigger (English Subtitles)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
347 frasi
How to actually get smarter (again)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B28
380 frasi
Social media and language learning - a British Council English podcast
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
176 frasi
Is Amazon Too Big?
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione di livello B2 si basa sul video “The Future Mark Zuckerberg Is Trying To Build”. Questo video contiene 619 frasi e 8442 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 46:58. Chi parla va veloce, circa 180 parole al minuto: aspettati suoni legati e ridotti. Il 86% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
Le 15 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| interact verbo | /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ | interagire |
| compute verbo | /kəmˈpjuːt/ | computare, elaborare |
| avatar sostantivo | /ˌæv.əˈtɑː(ɹ)/ | avatar, incarnazione |
| holographic aggettivo | olografico | |
| compel verbo | /kəmˈpɛl/ | forzare, costringere |
| personalize verbo | /ˈpɜː.sə.nə.laɪz/ | personalizzare |
| photorealistic aggettivo | /ˌfoʊ.toʊˌɹiː.əlˈɪs.tɪk/ | fotorealistico |
| optimistic aggettivo | /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/ | ottimista |
| demo sostantivo | /ˈdɛm.oʊ/ | demo |
| realistic aggettivo | /ˌɹɪəˈlɪs.tɪk/ | realistico |
| llama sostantivo | /ˈlɑː.mə/ | lama |
| paddle sostantivo | /ˈpædl̩/ | pagaia |
| translator sostantivo | /ˈtɹænzleɪtɚ/ | interprete |
| unlock verbo | /ʌnˈlɑk/ | aprire |
| hug verbo | /hʌɡ/ | abbracciare |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| end up verbo | andare a finire, finire |
| go back verbo | tornare |
| keep up with verbo | tenere dietro a |
| bring up verbo | menzionare, nominare |
| come up verbo | venire fuori, emergere |
| draw out verbo | prolungare |
| figure out verbo | scoprire, rendersi conto |
| go along with verbo | accettare, adeguarsi |
Frasi da ripetere
Frasi brevi e complete del video che puoi riutilizzare nella conversazione di tutti i giorni:
- We haven't found the end yet.
- Why do you think that's happening?
- How are you imagining people use this?
- What concerns do you feel are most legitimate?
- I mean, so what does open source mean?
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — un’azione iniziata prima e ancora in corso | we've been talking |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | haven't found · We've made · we've done |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | True, which is · version, which is · hear, which are |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | be synced · be personalized · being removed |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 185 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come you're, we're, don't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “th”: authentic /ɔˈθɛn.tɪk/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: socialize /ˈsoʊʃəlaɪz/, stylish /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: personalize /ˈpɜː.sə.nə.laɪz/, photorealistic /ˌfoʊ.toʊˌɹiː.əlˈɪs.tɪk/, optimistic /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/, articulate /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/, counterintuitive /ˌkaʊntəɹɪnˈtuɪtɪv/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: headset /ˈhɛdsɛt/, hologram /ˈhɑləˌɡɹæm/, haptics /ˈhæptɪks/, hug /hʌɡ/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/, compute /kəmˈpjuːt/, headset /ˈhɛdsɛt/, personalize /ˈpɜː.sə.nə.laɪz/, photorealistic /ˌfoʊ.toʊˌɹiː.əlˈɪs.tɪk/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/, avatar /ˌæv.əˈtɑː(ɹ)/, hologram /ˈhɑləˌɡɹæm/, paddle /ˈpædl̩/, haptics /ˈhæptɪks/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come interact, compute, avatar.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.