Pratica di Shadowing: Using Primary and Secondary Research | Episode 33 - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
Scegli una modalità di pratica
Ogni modalità apre una sala di pratica a schermo intero.
190 frasi
Se le frasi sono troppo corte o troppo lunghe, clicca su Edit per modificarle.
1
Over the course of this video, I'm going to discuss using primary as well as secondary research.
2
In addition, I'll go over some scenarios in terms of which method would be appropriate.
3
Obviously, like most things, one particular method of research isn't necessarily appropriate in all situations.
4
And also provide some examples of some of the different research methods
5
that would fall underneath the umbrella of both primary as well as secondary research.
6
conducting some type of research.
7
Usually we start with some type of problem.
8
And we have to be presented with some type of issue first
9
and have a clear depiction of what that problem is before we can get to the stage in which we're conducting research.
10
Because typically in a business setting, research is conducted for the sake of answering some type of question or solving some type of problem.
11
to answer that particular question.
12
Now, there are two different types of research, the first of which, as I mentioned before, is known as primary research.
13
Primary research is research that you actually go out and conduct research on your own.
14
This is best served when your particular issue is not necessarily presented already.
15
It isn't something that is widely researched.
16
And so if you have a specific problem, you may not be able to find existing sources of information to answer your particular question.
17
It may be so specific, maybe you can find more general information,
18
demographic specifically the types of issues that are affecting your particular group.
19
So for example, maybe you're conducting some type of research study to assess the effect of
20
television viewing habits within a specific demographic.
21
Now maybe there are certain statistics available for television use with regards to general populations
22
and even geographic information but what
23
if you're looking for a specific show that's on during a specific time
24
and you're trying to whittle it down to a specific audience?
25
It'd be very difficult to do and the more specific that you get, the less likely you are to find some existing those circumstances,
26
it would be appropriate to go through what we call primary research.
27
And that means you're actually going to be conducting the research on your own.
28
Existing research is not available specifically for your issue and
29
so your job is going to be developing an instrument to obtain the information that you need, gather the data, analyze it,
30
and evaluate what that says and obviously answer your particular question or hope to whatever that might be.
31
Now primary research typically is not done initially.
32
And the reason for that is it can be very expensive, not only from a monetary standpoint, but also from a time standpoint.
33
And so usually what most people do first is they do some secondary research.
34
It's very more common.
35
Before I go on to the different primary research methods, I do want to go into secondary research.
36
And the reason that you want to do this initially that is already made available to you, you simply have to find it.
37
And so the research has already been done, the information is already presented,
38
maybe it's not necessarily quite geared towards your particular problem or issue, but you can still use the information.
39
And so typically in a research setting, usually we start with the secondary research because it is relatively easy
40
process in trying to create different surveys and various instruments for the purpose of gathering information.
41
So if you were to utilize a secondary research method, if you were doing research for some type of report or anything similar to that,
42
what would you do?
43
Some common secondary research methods.
44
There are printed sources and then obviously with technology we have a wealth of electronic sources as well.
45
Printed sources include books, either textbooks or just other kind of non -fiction type books,
46
periodicals, newspapers, things like the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, as well as government documents as well.
47
towards the issue that you're researching.
48
But once again, you can gather information and at least apply it possibly to your particular situation.
49
Another great thing that secondary research allows you to do is frame your problem even further.
50
Maybe you start off by thinking your problem is one thing and after conducting a little bit of secondary research, you gather a little more information.
51
Maybe you start to fine tune what your problem is.
52
You start with.
53
Now, electronic sources are obviously in great supply as well, and those include generally academic databases.
54
Most colleges and four -year universities usually provide academic databases for their students
55
and for those enrolled for the sake of gathering information.
56
Things like EBSCOhost and LexisNexis and ProQuest are all databases geared towards specific subjects.
57
And depending upon what you're researching, a certain database will be more conducive to that.
58
So you will want to research generally where the database pulls the information from.
59
But they provide a wealth of information, usually different periodicals that are kind of consolidated from the internet.
60
And the great thing that it does is it builds credible sources.
61
So you don't necessarily have to worry about if the information is reliable.
62
The database ensures the information they
63
So that's a great place to start if you have access to those databases with your particular institution.
64
That would be a great place to look.
65
Obviously you can do what many of us do
66
and that's go through a search engine like Google or Yahoo
67
or Bing and try to look for or search for our particular issue here.
68
The problem that you get into is obviously trusting the source.
69
You're going to pull information from a wide variety of sources.
70
It can be credible.
71
It cannot be credible, it can be blogs which really are more of someone's opinion potentially.
72
And so you do want to be careful with that because
73
if you're doing any type of objective analysis where you're drawing conclusions and you're making recommendations to anyone,
74
If you're making your recommendation off of inaccurate information, obviously your recommendation is not going to be accurate and that's going to reflect poorly on you.
75
So you do want to make sure that you do your due diligence
76
and you check your sources to make sure that they're certainly credible.
77
Now, in the event that you go through the process of conducting your secondary research and you discover that, "You know what?
78
I can't adequately answer my question here.
79
There isn't research available based upon my particular problem because it's
80
so specific that the chances of somebody doing this may be in my specific geographic area,
81
wherever you're located, then maybe you have to do the research your own." Then you would go to primary research, which as I said before,
82
It is more expensive, it is more taxing on your time, but you're going to get more valid information.
83
You're going to get information that is geared specifically towards your problem, versus maybe information that was gathered for another purpose,
84
and you're trying to use it for your purposes of course.
85
There may be a problem with that.
86
So let's say you have to conduct some primary research.
87
There's a number of different options available to just so you get kind of an idea on what this looks like,
88
you have first mailed surveys.
89
So in this particular type of secondary or primary research, you would actually create a survey
90
obtain a database of some sort where you have access to people's home addresses
91
or you can purchase these from various places as well.
92
And you would essentially send out your particular survey en masse to a number of addresses
93
and kind of cross your fingers and just hope and pray that people actually fill them out and send them back.
94
zip codes or certain areas.
95
The problem though Although they're relatively inexpensive, Obviously, if you're sending them out en masse, you have to pay for postage and then printing and all those different things.
96
But if you're dividing that by the number of people you reach, then it is relatively inexpensive.
97
But they have very, very low response rates.
98
And if you think about when you get something in the mail that you don't recognize the sender, do you really open it?
99
Do you even look at it?
100
If you do, how long is it before you actually toss it in the trash?
101
If you're like me, you're literally looking at some of your mail near a trash can, and as your hand is dropping down into the trash can,
102
you're kind of looking through it just to see if there's anything important, and then, boom, you drop it in the trash can, you never see it again.
103
So it's very difficult to get a very high response rate with these types of mailed surveys we say,
104
it's not someone that necessarily is probably interested in the actual survey, so chances are they're not going to take the time to do that.
105
They also have low response rates because people's time are valuable.
106
Unless you offer them some type of incentive or reason to participate, we all think about it, what's in it for me, then you're not likely to get very good responses.
107
The difficult thing too, is that you're not going to get is you don't really know who is actually completing that survey.
108
And so it's really difficult when you talk about inferential statistics
109
and being able to infer certain things based upon how people respond.
110
It's very difficult to do that when you don't know who it is that's responding.
111
And so there may be some disconnect there.
112
The person that's responding may not be part of the target market that you're trying to get their opinion for.
113
It might be somebody else.
114
Also, with surveys, it's very difficult to obtain detailed information.
115
And the reason for that is the surveys can't be very complex, because if they're complex, people aren't going to respond to them.
116
And so they have to be very basic, questions are very short, very direct, not requiring a whole lot of thought process, because if people have to think in great detail about them,
117
they're likely not to respond.
118
The next thing you can do are telephone surveys.
119
And telephone surveys attempt to kind of counteract some of the disadvantages of mailed surveys, mainly with the allowing for clarification.
120
Because if someone is confused, if you have more of a complex survey you're trying to administer,
121
it generally helps to have someone on the phone who can explain maybe how to complete the survey
122
if you're actually mailing them a survey or if they're taking it over the phone.
123
you know, obviously explain what it is that they're looking for and all those different things.
124
It is a little more expensive than mailed surveys because you do have somebody's time, obviously, to collect all the information.
125
And so they're calling people individually.
126
This also has a very low response rate.
127
And the reason for that is a lot of people don't necessarily even have home phones now.
128
We often just utilize our cell phones for both.
129
graphically.
130
But, another thing on top of that is with caller ID and that type of technology available, usually if we don't recognize the number,
131
we're less inclined to pick up the phone to begin with.
132
And so, it's very difficult to get someone on the line with the age of telemarketing
133
and the do not call and opt out lists.
134
This has become increasingly unpopular, people being bothered at home.
135
And so, you're seeing a lot of people kind of go away from this method of research simply standpoint,
136
it isn't very popular and it's relatively or very unsuccessful I might add.
137
The next thing you can do are personal interviews.
138
This can be either in a one -on -one setting
139
or you can do what we call a focus group in
140
which you have a group of people in a room
141
and you're asking them all similar questions or the same question and eliciting responses from them.
142
So those are various things you can do.
143
You can get more detailed information here which is great.
144
You can seek clarification because you have someone that's actually asking the questions person,
145
but you have a small reach here because if you're doing an interview one -on -one, The interviewer can only reach one person at a time.
146
And so you're paying for that person's time, and they're only interacting with one person.
147
So it gets very, very expensive.
148
The reach is very small.
149
It is very time consuming.
150
But another issue here is that when we start to introduce people into the equation and asking questions.
151
we have the potential for a lot of errors to occur.
152
I'm not going to go over specifically all the different rater biases and things that get introduced, but there are a lot of errors that interviewers can make that can throw off the results,
153
so they're not necessarily reliable, they're not what you would hope to obtain.
154
The last thing we can do is email polling and we've seen an insurgence of email polling
155
strictly because technology has allowed for it.
156
It allows to get quick responses.
157
Facebook now has a polling function in which you can poll certain people and ask them questions.
158
Survey Monkey is a very popular site in
159
which you can register for a free account
160
and create a survey of 10 questions and have that emailed out to a certain number of people or sent responses immediately.
161
It has a statistics function as well so it tabulates responses
162
and percentages so you know exactly how people responded on various questions.
163
Very easy to use.
164
You can pay a little extra and obviously increase the number of questions.
165
I've used it myself before and it's great for gathering just a little bit of information, basic questions.
166
Once again, you have a wide reach of people which is very helpful, relatively inexpensive.
167
response rates.
168
And the reason is that people are completely inundated with just emails and junk mail and different things.
169
And, you know, once again, a lot of times when I go through my inbox, I'm looking at who the subject or who it's from.
170
And if I don't necessarily recognize the sender, I don't even bother reading it.
171
So chances are if you're using email polling as a way of gathering information,
172
unless credibility with the viewer, you're going to have a very, very low response rate.
173
And similar to mailed surveys, you're going to have to sell the benefit for the user.
174
Why would they benefit participating in the survey?
175
Do they receive something?
176
Is it in their best interest too?
177
Because ultimately, if we don't feel like it's in our best interest, it's not worth our time, we're not going to follow through with it.
178
But it is still widely used, but there's different tricks that we can do to make it so that it's more effective.
179
Now, hopefully, if you're doing any type of research, you keep these different tools in mind.
180
And as I said before, there isn't one situation or one scenario that's conducive to all situations.
181
Ideally, maybe we'd like to do personal interviews all the time, right?
182
Maybe they're more effective because we're interacting directly with the person, but you have to also deal with feasibility.
183
don't have the time, maybe you don't have the skill set.
184
Interviewers specifically related to market research are trained very heavily, I might add, to ask questions a certain way
185
so they're not necessarily swaying the responses one way or another
186
because you want to get accurate information for better or for worse.
187
So keep these things in mind here.
188
Most likely you'll be looking at secondary research for the most part and gathering information in of the information you're gathering.
189
Look at the credibility of the person providing it, and do go through those academic databases if you have access to them, because they can provide a wealth of information,
190
but also make sure that the information is from a reliable source.
Scarica l'app
Tutto ciò che serve per parlare fluentemente
Pronuncia con IAVoto per ogni frase
Pratica IPAPadroneggia ogni suono
VocabolarioCostruisci il tuo lessico
Gioco di vocabolarioImpara giocando
📺 Stesso Canale
C11
Introduction to Marketing: The Marketing Mix
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Introduction to Marketing: The Importance of Product, Price, Place, & Promotion | Episode 118
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1What is business law?
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
✨ Video consigliato
C13
406 frasi
#03 Strategic Types of Human Resources Management
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1239 frasi
Learn how to SOLVE a data analytics case study problem
Business EnglishInterview EnglishUniversity Students
C11
111 frasi
Financial Analysis Fundamentals: How to Analyze Financial Statements Like a Pro Part 7 | CFI Course
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
84 frasi
How to go from B1/B2 to C1? (in 5 minutes)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
148 frasi
Forecasting METHODS - Qualitative and Quantitative Walkthrough in Excel
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
58 frasi
Ethnography in Business | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-4
IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
C13
29 frasi
Data vs. Findings vs. Insights
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
189 frasi
Using AI to read research articles
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
103 frasi
Critical Thinking Lecture: an introduction to critical thinking
IELTS PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
C13
613 frasi
S2 E16: Healthy Eating & Diets - Important Vocabulary in Advanced English Podcast - American British
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C136
14 frasi
D82_ ALBRECHT FUND SHADOWING_ Investing in personal development
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Perché praticare il parlato con questo video?
Questo video offre un'opportunità unica per migliorare la pronuncia inglese attraverso la pratica dello shadow speech. Utilizzare risorse come questa per esercitarsi nel parlato consente di conoscere varie situazioni in cui è necessario condurre ricerche e presentare dati. Praticando con il video, puoi imparare a formulare domande pertinenti e a esporre chiaramente i problemi, abilità fondamentali in conversazioni sia accademiche che lavorative. Inoltre, il contesto di ricerca presentato aiuta a integrare il linguaggio tecnico e specifico, migliorando così la tua confidenza nel parlare in inglese.
Grammatica & Espressioni nel Contesto
Nel video, il relatore utilizza diverse strutture grammaticali e frasi chiave che possono essere molto utili per gli studenti. Ecco alcune delle più rilevanti:
- “There are two different types of research...” - Questa frase introduce un confronto indispensabile, utile per strutturare discorsi accademici.
- “If you have a specific problem...” - Utilizzare l’if-clause è un ottimo modo per presentare condizioni, abitudine frequente nei dibattiti e discussioni.
- “It would be difficult to do...” - Frasi condizionali come questa mostrano come esprimere dubbi o scenari ipotetici.
- “You may not be able to find…” - Questo tipo di espressione aiuta a comunicare incertezze e a formulare strategie di ricerca.
Avere familiarità con queste strutture ti permiterà di parlare in modo più dinamico e persuasivo.
Trappole di Pronuncia Comuni
Ci sono alcune parole e frasi nel video che potrebbero presentare difficoltà di pronuncia. Ecco alcuni suggerimenti per affrontare queste trappole:
- “Research” - Fai attenzione alla pronuncia corretta di questa parola, spesso confusa. Pratica il suono "ree-surch" per assicurarti di pronunciarla correttamente.
- “Primary” e “Secondary” - Queste due parole sono fondamentali per comprendere il concetto di ricerca e possono risultare impegnative; assicurati di enfatizzare la sillaba corretta in ogni parola.
- “Conducting” e “Gathering” - Queste parole hanno suoni nasali che possono essere difficili da articolare. Concentrati sul far vibrare la voce per rendere la pronuncia più chiara.
Praticando questi termini nel tuo shadow speak, potrai migliorare notevolmente la tua capacità di comunicazione in inglese.
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | be presented · is conducted · is known |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | has already been done · has become · we've seen |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | here which is · people which is |
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.