Pratica di Shadowing: What's New in Zephyr 4.5? - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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Hey everyone, this is Benjamin from the Zephyr Project, back for a new Zephyr release.
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Zephyr 4 .5 is being released today, or at least as you're watching this.
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It should be out, and there's lots of new features and things that I want to demo, as I always do.
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It's been six months since the last release.
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That's our new release cadence, in case you didn't get the memo.
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Next one is planned for April of next year, 2027.
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This is going to be our next long -term support release, But of course, today we are here to talk about all things 4 .5.
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And there's a lot that's happened, probably more than usual.
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There's something that the project has been sort of like embracing, I would say, which is AI and AI agents.
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This has been just like many other open source projects.
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This has had a significant impact on the development.
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So we've seen lots of new contributors.
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In fact, we have a record trying to look at my notes.
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You had nearly 1 ,300 contributors to the release.
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Lots and lots of bug fixes, like people using AI agents to help them find bugs.
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And of course, new features as well.
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And also something interesting, performance improvements.
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We've seen many areas and many maintainers, and we will be talking about that throughout the demo.
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Something else that's worth highlighting, and let me pull the release notes.
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As always, this is going to be where you want to go
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if you want to catch up on what's new we also have the migration guide
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that accompanies those release notes in case
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you come from a previous version of Zephyr you always want to know what API is changed and whatnot
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but yeah the release notes I will be walking through them with my own take on them plus some demos
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that I've put together like I mentioned but this time I think the fact
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that we are having two new processor architectures supported should be probably
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it is one of like the top highlights it's not often
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that we we get one Zephyr again has been around for many years the the typical processor architectures
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that are supported are the super well -known ARM Cortex like
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Cortex -M or Intel architectures
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Intel x86 32 -bit 64 -bits RISC -V etc etc those kind of like general processor architectures,
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but in some verticals, in some industries, there's dedicated silicon, right?
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And like dedicated architectures.
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One is Infineon Tricore.
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If you've been driving a car in the past, sorry, 10, 15 years, it's very,
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very, very likely that your engine or your brakes or both are running on the Tricore architecture from Infineon.
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So it's, as the name indicates, It's a multi -core architecture, which is all about functional safety and automotive scenarios.
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So this is now supported in Zephyr, as in the Zephyr kernel can run on those platforms.
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And some of the peripherals of the platform are supported as well.
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This is landing in 4 .5 as initial support.
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There's still lots of work lined up to make it even better over the next few months.
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But you can already try it if you have access and
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or as always with Zephyr there's good support in emulators in the form of Kimu so you can run your first
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Halo Worlds and whatnot on Kimu.
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The Qualcomm hexagon architecture is also supported now so it's a DSP slash NPU,
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a neural processor processing unit which typically you will find alongside the Snapdragon SoCs.
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And so that's, yeah, for all things, signal processing and hardware acceleration for AI inference and whatnot.
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This comes with its own toolchain and compilers, etc. And also supported in Zephyr.
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This brings us to, I don't know, like 13 plus, I think, different processor architectures supported in Zephyr.
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So pretty unique, pretty interesting.
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With that, let's move on to some of the features the also top of the list
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because this has been keeping many people busy
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and this is also something that's landing in 4 .5
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but there's so much lined up
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that maybe in 4 .6 there will be another demo
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because there's a lot of activity around mpipe or the multimedia pipeline
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if you come from a Linux background or
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if you're a Linux user
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you may have been interacting with a gstreamer the idea is for all things multimedia as the name indicates
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you often have many streams video audio
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that you need to process right
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you need to maybe multiplex them like you need to combine your audio with your video okay fair enough
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that's an easy one
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but you want to apply some filtering some processing some AI
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inference engines to do people detection to do object detection people counting printing.
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whatever and you want those pipelines to be efficient to run sometimes in parallel
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to not eat up lots of memory especially since i mean it's zephyr
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so it's constrained environments so that's what mpipe is all about
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and for this one
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i have a nice demo lined up showing a pretty complex
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pipeline as you can see here on the on the on the diagram
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we would want to to analyze different streams in parallel, right?
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And so you want to analyze a video coming from, in my case, a video camera,
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and you want to run object detection in the form of the YOLO well -known algorithm, and you will detect objects,
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people, and based on that you want to overlay some information on top of the video
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so that you have like those bounding boxes being drawn and then more, right?
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If you detect people, you want to maybe do even more filtering when a person enters the frame, you want to capture the event,
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send it to the network and or save it to the disk.
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So let me show you actually the code briefly before I show the demo, just to show like just a tiny hint as to how
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you would typically get the code in your code editor and how the mPype APIs look like.
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Those boxes or like those building blocks that you've seen before
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that are all chained to one another input on the left
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and output on the right and you feed all your pipeline this way.
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This is exactly how the code will look like
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when you start assembling your pipeline and have like the T operator to split the pipeline in two,
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et cetera, et cetera you end up basically just doing just that.
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And you can basically assemble your different building blocks.
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And when you have them, you build the wires and you wire everything together.
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So that's just like a tiny bit of the code, but I think you get the idea. In fact, let's look at the demo
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and let's use it as an opportunity also to mention something that's new in the release and
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that I will be using the demo
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I will be running on native simulator like I often do for those demos
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so the Zephyr running on my Linux PC how do I do video on something
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that I mean
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if I'm in a simulator
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I don't have necessarily a physical webcam attached to a physical board right yet on my PC
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I do have a webcam I do have video files
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that I could use as an input
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so one thing worth highlighting in the context of native sim is
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that as of this new release many many many more peripherals are supported
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and you can use them in their emulated form or simulated form
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and hook them up to your native simulator target
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so whether it's audio video or anything else that
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that you see here on the list you can easily add them to your device tree basically and
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so in my case the video is going to be my
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webcam is going to be piped into my native sim process
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so that i can easily visualize it i'm going to use the webcam
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but you can also pipe a file like a video file
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which is actually really nice
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and interesting in the context of continuous integration you want to test
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that your application behaves like it should when it gets video
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or audio feed and so you can have repeatable samples
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and repeatable files that you always feed into your CI and that will or should always give you the same output.
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So back to the demo, how does it look like?
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Well, I have again, this is going to run on native sim
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and so it's going to pick up my video camera and that's what the shell script here does,
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like the few command lines I need to wire and feed my video cam into the Linux native SIM process.
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And now this is my demo running.
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And so this is like that window, that Zephyr display window, that's the same you would get on a physical device, right?
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If you have an LCD display and the webcam would be whatever camera you have on your actual device.
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And this is Zephyr.
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So I have my Zephyr shell here and the application is starting to do apparently people detection or caps or whatever.
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And I can interact with the shell to do like to interact with the system.
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My pipeline has several layers, right?
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And one of them is, well, detecting people through the neural network.
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Another one is overlaying based on the output on the neural network, overlaying the bounding boxes like that yellow rectangle that you see right here.
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But there's also more features like maybe applying some special effects.
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I can tune the image so that it's a plane.
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Whatever, different effects. And then...
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There's also the ability to be like, okay, if there is someone in the picture, I want to actually blur them, right?
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And so that's something that I want to do.
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It's kind of like a layer that's on or off.
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And that's exactly what M -Pipe allows you to do.
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Enabling the privacy mode, I would start basically blurring people being detected in the frame.
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And this is all happening in real time as you saw or remember maybe in that diagram,
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we feed the video feed into the pipeline.
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And first thing we do is we split in two queues.
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One is the one that's going to be going through the neural network.
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And this one is a so -called leaky queue, which means that knowing that the neural network will likely take some time to process the images,
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it's going to do just that.
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And whenever it's done, it picks up the latest image
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but it's fine if it's if it loses images you wouldn't want to basically try
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and process those 30 images per second
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because i mean the device won't be able to catch up
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but then there's the other branch or the other leg of the pipeline
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which is displaying the video in real time and
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so this one is a queue that's not leaky at all and that's meant to really display everything.
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And so yeah that's my privacy mode right here and if I start hiding people, let's see if hiding people, putting someone back in the frame,
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you can see that it's capturing and logging the fact that someone entered the room.
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That's also something that's part of the pipeline.
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And so if I quit the application I essentially have on my virtual SD card on my native simulator.
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I should have saved some files and basically whenever someone enters the picture it's being saved.
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Let me see I should have right here the yep this is what it captured
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and so that would end up on the SD card
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and I could stream to the network etc etc. So I think this is this is pretty impressive.
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This disclaimer
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that what you've seen it's using some of the pull requests like I mentioned this is still in development
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so the the video plugin the display plugin are things for
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which I mean you might not find the stuff readily available in 4 .5
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but those are plugins
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that will be probably merged really soon what you have in
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4 .5 is everything else like all the plumbing for building your multimedia pipelines
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so I think this one was pretty interesting right let's go back to the release note
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and see what we have i mentioned networking let's maybe spend
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some time on networking the uh the networking subsystem is really rich
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and has been uh really rich pretty much since since day one
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but there was a recent presentation at the zafir developer summit
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where one of the main uh one of the maintainers of the zafir networking subsystem gave an update on everything
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that's happened over the past few um releases and there's a lot because like I mentioned, thanks to AI, LLMs, etc.,
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it's easier to implement protocols and make sure that we test them and have the proper test suits in place.
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So there's many, many new protocols that were added to the release, things like Quick and HTTP 3 support.
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If you're browsing pretty much any modern website on the internet, browsing the Zafir documentation and whatnot, this is being served over HTTP 3.
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So you get support for that in Zafir now.
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It's making more efficient use of the bandwidth of the of your memory etc
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so that's that's an interesting one ssh you can now ssh into a zafford device
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or the other way around your zafford device can connect to an ssh server we're going to see
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that in the demo in in a moment and so on
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and so forth
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but before i dive into more of those features one thing
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that's also highlighted here at the top of the list is something really impressive if you think about it.
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Just by reviewing the code and using agents to help us review the code,
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we've been able to identify many bottlenecks in the TCP and UDP implementation as well, to the point where in many scenarios,
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you will have the low throughput that will be improved by 10 -20 % even on TCP,
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which is kind of a big deal like it can really make the difference.
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Also latency -wise, this actually comes with a new benchmark that's available also now for everyone to run,
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which allows to easily test on Kymu your networking performance.
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One thing that I did not mention, but it's kind of like, it feels like it's going to be AI no matter what.
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Yes, we used AI agents to improve the networking stack and more.
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And in fact, you can even, as of Zephyr 4 .5, have your Zephyr board, your Zephyr application,
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behave as a Zephyr MCP server.
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So what is MCP?
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If you're not familiar, it's the Model Context Protocol.
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It's a standard for anything, usually an application or some kind of server,
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to expose and make available so -called tools and services, so that an AI agent,
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if it feels like those tools might be useful to whatever task it has to do,
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will call the tools and will use them to do its job.
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And so what you get in Zephyr 4 .5 is a framework to declare in your system new services,
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new tools, and probably hook them to some Zephyr subsystems.
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What I did is basically I've been working on bringing up a new board,
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which is effectively a flight controller for drones.
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And so it's packed with sensors.
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And some of those sensors had the drivers in Zephyr, some not.
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So I built new drivers for them and I've enabled
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and built and deployed onto the board an MCP server that's going to be looking at
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and let's maybe look at the code actually I think
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it's this guy this yeah this is a board where the MCP server what I want
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it to do is expose all the all the various sensors
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that are on the board and basically declare them as tools
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so that if the AI agent wants to interact with the sensors,
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it will be able to understand what quantities the sensors manipulate,
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etc. Well, but what the MCP server does is enumerate all the sensors in the system.
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And for that, there's actually a new notion in Zephyr 4 .5, which is classes of drivers,
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like when all the sensor bindings in Zephyr now declare that they are of type sensor,
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which means that you have macros that allow you to directly know, hey, in my device tree, what are all the sensors that I have?
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And based on that, well, the MCP server is going to expose that information for the AI agent to consume.
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and so the demo is
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that I will be plugging the board to my to my pc over USB one thing
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that I've done also is that over USB I can have a network interface
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so in fact the board is going to be visible from my pc over internet
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I've also enabled just for the sake of showing you that it basically just works.
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I mentioned the SSH server before.
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The board that I just connected to the PC
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exposes its host name over MDNS and so on and so I can easily basically just log into it.
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But the point is that I'm not sure exactly what sensors I have connected to the board, what they mean, what they do.
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So this is where I want to use the AI agent for that.
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So let's try basically to use whatever agent I have, I have Andy to just start asking questions.
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Let me see.
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Is this board ready to fly?
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I mean the control N1 that I've just connected to the PC.
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Let's see what it has to offer.
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I might need to speed things up or maybe not.
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Let's see.
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It should be able to figure out on its own.
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No polarizing against the board.
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I'll read the sensors.
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And this is where, yeah it starts using the mcp server behind the scenes
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and it will be telling me i don't know
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it will help me understand what the board has to offer
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are these sensors readings accurate are they consistent with what you
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would expect from a from a magnetometer an accelerometer etc let's see that's an interesting report
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so no cheating here i actually did this in real time apparently the
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so there's two imus on the board they seem to agree with one another they seem to sort of confirm
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that the board is sitting still with like a 9 .80 newton blah blah blah of acceleration etc etc
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but then apparently the compass is off it's reading 1 .22 goes
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and it shouldn't i this is actually a new driver
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so maybe i did something wrong with that driver and i'm guessing
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that this would certainly mess up my flight control algorithm if this is off
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So I could, it being an agent, right, and it being able also to access the code of my driver, probably my next question will be,
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is there a bug in the driver that justifies or explains this?
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Similarly, the sensor that provides the power supply is supposed to read 5 volts.
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It doesn't.
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So there's something wrong here, apparently.
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And, like, that's...
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An interesting one, right?
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Because I have sort of like a generic MCP server deployed on the board.
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Something that's just here to expose the sensors and make the sensors available as tools.
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But then the knowledge of what is required for flying a drone, what is good or a bad reading for a compass,
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etc. This is certainly not something that I would bake in Zephyr.
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This is something and knowledge that comes from the agent.
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And yeah, I could sort of like continue on
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that maybe I will prompt with something else and we will see if that comes up with something post.
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But can we create a small web -based dashboard, I guess in JavaScript, that would show me the readings of the sensors in real time?
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And yeah, this one, I will speed things up.
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I will show you when it's done.
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I likely will just include the rendering of the app.
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I've been trying this a couple of times.
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It usually comes up with a really fancy web -based UI
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that uses the yeah that pulls the sensors in real time
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and that helps you understand what your device does
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and then the sky is the limit I guess like when
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when you start exposing MCP tools services from your Zephyr board it can be anything
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that taps into the physical world
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that taps into the sensors the APIs you can control motors you can control power supplies probably bad things too
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but it's it's really up to you and
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so yeah let's see this one I'll keep it on screen for maybe a few more seconds
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and then you'll see as a small screenshot the final rendering
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but it usually takes only only a couple minutes and I will just kill it.
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Oh
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and another one real quick on the networking front this I think
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this was not showing before I was showing a previous version of the release notes RTP don't miss this one
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if you do well multimedia as well just like we saw with MediaPipe streaming audio feeds and video feeds over UDP,
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sending, receiving, we have now support for that in Zephyr.
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So the really quick demo that I built for this one, it should be fun.
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This is actually an opportunity to briefly walk you through this list of new driver classes.
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It's always like, there's always a handful, every Zephyr release.
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I won't be demoing all of them.
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I mean, some of them are exactly what it says on the bullet point you have a new API for controlling browsers.
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So it's kind of like on and off.
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Maybe it wouldn't make for a great demo anyway, but clock monitor, Dali, Lin, back to, I guess, the automotive topic.
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Lin is kind of can, I think.
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It's an automotive serial bus, and so on and so forth.
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The one that I think is interesting, I mean, they all are, but the one that's going to be demoed together with RTP
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in just a few seconds is Pulse .io where you have this new API for building
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and implementing those protocols that are really sensitive to timing.
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You want to control those fancy RGB LEDs with like really
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well -timed pulses usually backed with some dedicated IP for that in your silicon.
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But yeah that's the one I want to use and demo.
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Let me pull the device on screen maybe first.
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This is this guy right here.
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This is an LED matrix.
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So connected to, you barely see it right here, but I have an ESP32,
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like a wireless, a Wi -Fi device connected to nothing but Wi -Fi.
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Like it's not connected to my laptop in any way.
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It's actually connected to a power bank.
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And so this is connected to my local network at home.
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And this is running PulseIO to control the RGB LEDs on that LED matrix.
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And this is running code where an RTP client is listening
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to multicast RTP packets coming from somewhere else on the local network and feeding video and audio.
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Sorry, in this case, audio streams.
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So what I'm going to do is from my main computer, I will be, let me make sure that you all see the webcam right here.
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I'm going to be running an app that's going to be streaming
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or like playing video on my laptop and also pushing the video,
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sorry, again, pushing the audio feed over UDP.
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broadcasting or multicasting the audio feed to to the network and so let's see what this does
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we have main engine start four three two one
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You get the idea.
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This works really well.
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I could have, should have shown multiple devices.
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I think I also have a mode where it would stream the audio from my, like if I were to just talk into my mic.
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Yeah, I think that's the one actually.
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Yeah, there you go.
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And you can see this might not show up super clearly on the recording,
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but RTP also gives you the ability to actually synchronize all the feeds.
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So you can do something that's actually looking really cool.
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It looks like it's actually synchronized.
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Maybe I should keep it for the rest of the demo.
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Yeah, I think this should give you a sense of the breadth of all the things that went into,
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well, networking in this case, but drivers as well.
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And there's also a lot about all things beyond all things gateways all things routers um
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so check it out basically uh moving on like i said
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i mean no particular order uh let's pick the next one security
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and sbomb improvements this one i'm going to show a quick demo
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but first i want to talk briefly through what what happened around the spdx tooling
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and around maybe also some of the the regulations that
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that emerged over the past few months maybe we covered it in in 4 .4 i don't quite remember
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but the cyber resilience act is something that every product makers out there are going to have to be aware of.
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I mean, you have to be aware of if you're putting a product with so -called digital elements on the EU market.
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There's lots of things you need to do to carefully manage the provenance of your software, to disclose vulnerabilities when you're being made aware of them.
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And so how do you do that?
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Well, you need some tooling.
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Zephyr has had some tooling around
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that for many years now in this release
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we've improved the tooling to to let you do SPDX 3 as bombs
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so SPDX is an ISO standard
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which the SPDX 3 version is actually standardized now as well
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that allows you to capture in a well -described manner the
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what your software is about what are your dependencies what are the the licenses what are the the CVs
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and the vulnerabilities that apply to them like using some well -known identifiers for your different software packages.
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You can match them against public vulnerability databases and so on.
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So just showing you real quick what that means
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when you want to generate this S -BOM in your system or for your Zephyr build.
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You would basically build your application.
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As usual, the only thing is that you need to enable
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or to tell the build system that it needs to capture some additional metadata for your build.
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And once all the metadata is there, you can then ask the west spdx command to generate the output for use.
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There we go.
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So we're going to scan all the files for licenses, for dependencies, for build configuration and build options,
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etc. To the point where you get in your build output folder,
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you'll get the JSON files that correspond to your SBOM and you can then use some tools,
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commercial tools, open source tools to load them, visualize them, and analyze them.
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There is one such tool on the SPDX website.
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If you go to the visualizer that's being made available there, you can actually visualize your S -BOM.
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So I'm going to do just that here.
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I'm going to browse my local file system.
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You might not see me pick up the files, but trust me those are the same files that I just built.
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Loading them in the tool and then being able to visualize, analyze the data, visualize the dependencies.
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We're like what are the sources that I am pulling into my build?
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I am pulling some libraries from Zephyr, I am pulling some things from the HAL, from the vendor apparently.
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And I mean you can visualize all those dependencies, licenses associated to them and navigate the whole thing apparently there is this build right here
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that takes as an input quite a few c files
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and does what a build step does which is compiling and
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so you have to get a sense of all the all the options
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that are there it might i mean some security vulnerabilities might be hidden in there
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if you didn't tweak your build properly so
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It's nice to be able to have that and have sort of like this manifest of how you build your application.
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You get the ability, like all those libraries, modules, packages that you pull into your build.
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Oftentimes, they will have well -known identifiers, like unique identifiers that.. are the ones that when CVEs and vulnerabilities get reported,
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those are the ones that would match public databases, right?
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So the tool, given your SBOM and its contents, can tell you that you might actually be impacted by some vulnerabilities.
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And so you might want to have a look.
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I think on this one, I was intentionally using an old version of Zephyr to get some hits there.
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But yeah, that's basically what you can do with this new SPDX 3 tooling.
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I highly encourage you to use it.
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Report bugs as you find limitations in it, just like any other area of Zephyr.
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Something that's also an addition to Zephyr in this cycle, or at least a rework, is the hardening tool.
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The fact that when you build an application, there's going to be thousands, I guess kconfig options
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that you may be able to tweak usually
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we try to come up in in zephyr with sensible default values for making sure
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that you get kind of the best compromise in terms of performance security footprint
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but sometimes as part of prototyping and
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and bringing up your your application you might end up enabling options
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that are absolutely not suitable for production like you're exposing some some credentials
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or you're exposing some information to a potential attacker
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so the the tool that we've had for uh for a
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while has been improved so that whenever you have a config option
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that is not set to what it should it will sort of warn you
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so um for a given build you can run this command
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which um i can show you how it looks like on the very same built as before
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and I can see okay this application I built is this looking like it's providing me
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and using good values
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or not apparently not I mean
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this is kind of this is a debug build out of the box
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it looks like I should probably disable the the boot banner
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which usually shows a this is Zephyr 4 .5 welcome to your shell apparently I should remove it
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because this would give attacker information regarding whatever version I use.
406
Similarly, logging should probably be removed and I mean so on and so forth.
407
You get the idea.
408
If I'm using experimental features it might also not be a good idea
409
or at least I need to be aware that I might be using something that potentially is not rock solid.
410
And also related to security, no demo for that
411
but still worth knowing you want your MCU to be focusing on your actual application
412
and not necessarily running stuff that other peripherals on your system could take care of.
413
Typically crypto, when you do TLS and whatnot, there's usually support in silicon to have hardware acceleration.
414
So in this release cycle, we've introduced hardware acceleration for PSA crypto on many silicon vendors.
415
You have the list here.
416
With that, I think we can probably move on to the next topic or next demo.
417
What else do we have?
418
Simulation, testing.
419
I mentioned those new
420
Native SIM peripherals for audio, video, but there's more, like
421
Wi -Fi, LEDs.
422
You can more easily tap into your existing file system.
423
So check that out kind of related
424
or like the counterpart of what we've seen on native sim
425
but for among others for for keymu targets like
426
if you want your keymu simulator to have access to emulated peripherals over i2c spi
427
or like simulate input drivers block drivers thanks to virtual io
428
this is now possible we still probably need to add some some fancy wrappers
429
and scripts to to to simplify the usage of that
430
but this is whether you're using native sim
431
or keymu basically you now have a lot more freedom
432
and options to route or like to to connect emulated
433
and sometimes real devices to your zafari
434
so that's uh yeah like it's really nice to see how easy
435
and i mean you've seen
436
that in action right like the demo the mpipe demo
437
i was using lots of emulated peripherals i could have done the demo on the board
438
but I was just doing the exact same code on the simulator.
439
Twister also has lots of new improvements to check them out.
440
The networking I think back to networking but this is interesting to see
441
and I would like or hope to see that more in other subsystems.
442
There's usually test suites available for all those protocol stacks out there and for networking
443
There's a test suite called TTCN, which is now...
444
it's available like in the tree there's the ability to run those conformance suites to make sure
445
that basically the zephyr tcp ip and networking stack is follows all the rfcs
446
and all the standards out there and i mean you don't have to trust me
447
or believe me when i say
448
that zephyr does x you can actually run the tests for for yourself
449
which is quite nice if you also a few additions
450
or changes as always we do lots of we eat our own dog food
451
and we have always the we need better tools to do our day -to -day job
452
and they usually end up in the tree and
453
so things like the new the ability to tweak
454
and to enable asserts per per module
455
or per file as opposed to having just this big button
456
and this big red switch for turning them globally on
457
or off this is actually really nice
458
because you can have a better control on on
459
when you you enable them and you can also not over your device
460
and and your your memory by enabling too many assets at the same time
461
so really nice to see lots of new options as well for detecting memory
462
memory faults and memory errors etc
463
and tracing wise also this one totally worth a shout out
464
and you have a nice demo and a nice sample there
465
and in the blog post that goes together with this video you will see
466
that as well but tracing in Zephyr typically would require some dedicated tools
467
or scripts to process the traces depending on what trace format you're using etc
468
but usually the one format that's the sort of the easier to manipulate would be CTF, the common trace format.
469
But historically you would require a Python library to process them that would only work on Linux.
470
With some of the changes in this new version of Zephyr you have a new tool
471
that allows you to visualize the um there's basically a terminal viewer
472
that shows you the traces in real time
473
if you do semi hosting in particular you can uh you can visualize the traces really easily
474
or there's also new tools to do uh per photo export etc etc
475
so i think that's that's really nice um with
476
that let me double check that i've gone through the entire list i think i have
477
please make sure to join us on discord
478
if you're not already on the zaffyr discord
479
this is where you can learn more about what the community
480
is up to there is lots of news being discussed there all of the meetups
481
that are being organized in all the cities worldwide
482
you can also learn about them from our discord channel from our website of course
483
we have a zephyr podcast also which i highly encourage you all to subscribe to
484
and and and listen if you are not already
485
and uh yeah just wrapping things up on the release notes like nearly 200 new boards are supported
486
so it's like it's likely
487
that whatever is the new cool board on the block it's something
488
that you can already just run on zephyr check out like
489
i mentioned also the migration guide like that's an important one we try
490
and make it really complete maybe to the point where a human would be overwhelmed looking at it but
491
if you are starting to use AI agents etc
492
they will love being fed with with this information to help you migrate your existing Zephyr code base
493
so do not hesitate I mean you probably don't even have to say anything
494
they will figure it out by themselves with that like
495
and subscribe the video if you've enjoyed it make sure to to tell me
496
if I forgot anything useful make sure to tell us what is the feature
497
that particularly interests you in this new release
498
and we will be back in six months time for the new Zephyr LTS release.
499
Thank you!
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “What's New in Zephyr 4.5?”. Questo video contiene 499 frasi e 6223 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 39:10. Chi parla ha un ritmo naturale di circa 159 parole al minuto, vicino a una conversazione quotidiana. Il 82% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| demo sostantivo | /ˈdɛm.oʊ/ | demo |
| sensor sostantivo | /ˈsɛn.sɚ/ | sensore |
| server sostantivo | /ˈsɝvɚ/ | server |
| architecture sostantivo | /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/ | architettura |
| enable verbo | /ɪˈneɪ.bəl/ | permettere |
| trace sostantivo | /tɹeɪs/ | orma |
| expose verbo | /ɪkˈspoʊz/ | esporre, evidenziare |
| peripheral aggettivo | /pəˈɹɪf(ə)ɹ(ə)l/ | periferico |
| simulator sostantivo | /ˈsɪmjəˌleɪtɚ/ | simulatore |
| output sostantivo | /ˈaʊtpʊt/ | risultato, produzione |
| processor sostantivo | /ˈpɹɑˌsɛsɚ/ | processore |
| neural aggettivo | /ˈnʊɹəl/ | neurale |
| vulnerability sostantivo | /ˌvʌln(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/ | vulnerabilità |
| capture verbo | /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/ | catturare, riprendere |
| shell sostantivo | /ʃɛl/ | conchiglia |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| pick up verbo | tirare su, sollevare | |
| bring up verbo | menzionare, nominare | |
| come up with verbo | ideare, escogitare | |
| end up verbo | andare a finire, finire | |
| go through verbo | attraversare | |
| line up verbo | /laɪnˈʌp/ | allineare |
| check out verbo | investigare | |
| mess up verbo | incasinare |
Frasi da ripetere
Frasi brevi e complete del video che puoi riutilizzare nella conversazione di tutti i giorni:
- Let's see what it has to offer.
- I will show you when it's done.
- I've been trying this a couple of times.
- I won't be demoing all of them.
- What else do we have?
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — un’azione iniziata prima e ancora in corso | you've been driving · has been keeping · I've been working |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | It's been · has been · has had |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | being released · is planned · is changed |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | say, which is · architecture, which is · queue, which means |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 63 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come you're, I'm, I've. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, shell /ʃɛl/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/, acceleration /əkˌsɛl.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: architecture /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/, peripheral /pəˈɹɪf(ə)ɹ(ə)l/, simulator /ˈsɪmjəˌleɪtɚ/, vulnerability /ˌvʌln(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/, acceleration /əkˌsɛl.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: hardware /ˈhɑɹdˌwɛɹ/, highlight /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/, hook /hʊk/
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: trace /tɹeɪs/, expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, output /ˈaʊtpʊt/, input /ˈɪnpʊt/, detect /dɪˈtɛkt/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/, format /ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/, fancy /ˈfæn.si/, interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come demo, sensor, server.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.