シャドーイング練習: AI & Education: Generative AI & the Future of Critical Thinking - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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AI is changing everything, including the way we learn.
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I'm an adjunct professor, and the first time I saw what a chatbot leveraging generative AI could do,
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I knew immediately there was no point in assigning essays to my students to write because I'd only be grading chatbot output, and I don't need the practice.
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tried to use AI to detect AI, but it's inevitable that chatbots will keep improving to the point where there's nothing left to detect.
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I'm thinking we need to do the exact opposite
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and figure out how to embrace this technology and use it to elevate education.
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I'm hoping others will start thinking this way too.
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Look, the train has already left the station.
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We can either get on board or get run over by it, but standing in front and yelling stop isn't going to work.
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So in this video, I'm going to cover
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cons of AI in the classroom with an eye toward how we elevate learning to a new level.
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Let's take a look historically at the past, some of the skills that we used to think were really important
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and we trained all students on this kind of stuff versus what we're doing today because there have been some changes.
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For instance, there was a time when we taught all kids how to write in cursive.
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Now, if you're above a certain or below a certain age, you can't even read what I just wrote because you were never taught that.
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And my handwriting is not all that good anyway.
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But that goes to another subject that was often taught in my grandparents' generation, penmanship.
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That was actually a course.
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And that was something that was considered of extreme importance.
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Now, we don't care so much about that.
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We, some people might still care about cursive.
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But the bottom line is we're not teaching it because it's not as critical.
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Because today, most of our writing is not done by hand, it's done on computers.
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So how good your penmanship is doesn't really matter all that much, does it?
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And how about in the past, we also used to really value the ability to memorize.
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And I'm still suffering PTSD from having to remember the periodic table of elements, all 106 of them as there were at the time when I did it,
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had to know where all of them were placed,
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Well, Why would you learn something like that and spend so much time of your scarce educational
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instructional time trying to memorize stuff that Now you could just look up in a database.
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Um, You know, understand the principles, because understanding the periodic table and where the elements are located tells us something.
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And that is interesting.
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That is important to know.
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But remembering the precise number of all of these things when it's so easily looked up, maybe not so much.
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How about another skill that we use to drill students on?
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I certainly had to do this a lot.
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But these complex arithmetic problems like this,
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you're going to look at that and spend a lot of time and drilling and doing and doing and doing versus
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Now we just use a calculator.
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because once you've learned how to do
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that then there's really not a great deal of value in just continuing to do it
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and do it and do it if in fact in virtually every case, we're just going to go use a calculator anyway.
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So I'm not saying don't learn the fundamentals, but once you've proven that you know how to do arithmetic, we know now that in classes,
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certainly in college, people are expected to use calculators.
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Or how about something like map skills, reading a map?
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Okay, I think that's still a useful skill, but it's not nearly as important as today, the ability to use a GPS.
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because that's how we're getting around with things.
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Again, you could talk about, yeah, but what about if the GPS system fails?
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All that kind of stuff is true.
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But I'm just saying how much time we have only so much time to educate students.
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Do we want to educate them on these things or these things?
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And so we need to really start thinking about if we're responsible teachers, this is what we're trying to prepare our students for.
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How well prepared are they?
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for the future.
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Let's say we train them in these skills.
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How well do these skills project into the future, into the job markets, into the things that they're going to need to know every day.
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or look at it a different way.
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If I had students that I have just produced, how well prepared would they be if they couldn't do these kinds of things?
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Not very well at all.
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So again, there's a lot of things.
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Another way to look at this would be if you were hiring someone, if you were trying to get an employee,
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would you want an employee who was really good at this or really good at that?
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These are the tools of the future, really of the present.
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And the tools of the future are going to be things like AI.
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So the question is, do we want to continue to drill students in doing things this way,
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or do we want to prepare them to use the tools of the present and the tools of the future?
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OK, so we've talked about skills that were really important
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and taught in the past that we don't spend as much time or at all on in the future.
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And in the present, the kinds of skills
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that we know students need to have in order to survive in the world that we're in now.
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How about as we move into that era of AI.
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What kinds of skills are going to be really important there?
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Well, I give you some broad picture ideas, big picture ideas, of what's going to be important here.
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And I think one that's really important, is flexibility it's a mindset of flexibility
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and adaptability we cannot always think inside the box
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that we've always been in the past ai is going to present new possibilities for us
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and we need to also be creative thinkers we need to be able to think outside
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that box in many cases
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but we're also going to have to in addition to being flexible
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and adaptable and creative we're going to also have to govern all of that, with critical thinking skills.
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So AI will in fact do some things, say some things that might not even be true.
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So we're going to have to be the judge.
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It might also, for some of the things that it says are true, they might not actually be useful.
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So I need to decide, is that really something I want to do?
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Have I really thought through what all of the unintended consequences might be
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if we were to do that particular thing or do it in that particular way?
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So literally the critical skill is critical thinking.
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really be preparing the students of today for living in the world of tomorrow is things like this.
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Now, they're very general.
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But what are the advantages that AI brings to the table in terms of teaching?
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Well, one of the things it can do is just in time.
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education.
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So if I need to learn a particular subject right now, I need obviously to have a general background if I'm going to understand the concepts.
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But if I just need a refresher or if I need to know something about a particular topic,
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I can go into an AI into a chatbot and I can get a decent education on a lot of these things, at least at a fairly high level,
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just in time, just when I need it, which is really, really pretty nice.
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This is also a really big one is a tutor.
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We could use AI to do personalized education.
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Not every student thinks the same way or learns in the same way or responds at the same speed.
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Some get mathematics instantly.
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Others, it needs to be explained in different ways.
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An AI based tutor would be infinitely patient and would keep trying other alternatives, even when the best teacher might run out of patience
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or be pulled in a different direction because they're trying to manage an entire classroom.
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and really figure out what kinds of things work for them and what don't.
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It doesn't obfuscate or eliminate the need for a teacher, but it just allows an augmentation there.
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Another one, and I think this is really good, is it could serve as an editor.
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So if I write something, well, we already have spell check and grammar check and things like that.
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And the AI systems can do that sort of stuff as well.
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So they could be the editor and point out where I've made mistakes and maybe even teach me, oh, yeah, that grammar was wrong.
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And here's why.
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And here's the rule for it.
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And on and on.
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That would be really useful.
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It would save a lot of teacher time in terms of grading some of those things.
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And teachers then could focus more on the content of the papers, maybe that they're grading.
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Thank you is a big one here also.
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Not everyone has the same ability to process information the same ways.
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Some people that may have disabilities,
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then a system that's able to translate text into speech or other things like that or images into speech,
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then that could be particularly useful for someone.
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So helping someone that might have certain learning disabilities and overcoming those accessibility
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One of the things that would be nice is if AI could serve as my teaching assistant.
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It might help me with lesson planning.
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Right now, I use a TA to do some of the grading and some of the more mundane tasks, which are really helpful to me.
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It frees me up to think more about content and about actually teaching.
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What if I could use an AI to do some of those kinds of things?
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Other things
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that I would like to do is to do some of
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those kinds of things about practicing let's say i want to put some skills into practice well some things
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that that would make this more practical
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if we've just talked about a particular kind of idea is
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maybe a debate having students prepare for a debate using ai
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but then when they want to actually do and prove
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that they know something well then they're going to actually have to defend it themselves but this thinking for them.
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We don't want it to do that, but we want it to suggest ideas.
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And then they can decide which ones they think they would put forward in the debate, for instance.
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And it can do drills and practice.
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Like if a student wants to take a position, they could debate with the AI.
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and have it find holes in their arguments and make them hone their critical thinking skills, the way that they think about systems,
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the way they think about the things around them.
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It also could create more equity in education.
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Right now, if you think about it, certain students are very fortunate in that they have certain resources.
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Money is a big factor in this.
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And the ability to afford the latest and greatest tools, the latest and greatest teachers, with the best education and all of these kinds of things,
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that's not available to every single one everywhere in the world.
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But if we had an AI system running in a cloud, all someone needs is a browser
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and they can be anywhere as long as they have internet access they have access to this kind of
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educational resource so imagine what help
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that would do for teachers who are taxed in the classroom
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and they've got way too many students
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and they can't give the one -on -one time that they'd like to but they could
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they could leverage tools like this
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and all of a sudden even in in parts of the
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world where what this these capabilities this technology would not be available now all of a sudden it is
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and then it allows a teacher and this is a big one, I think, for me, to focus more on the big picture.
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I want to be able to to look at, you know, what are the main learning objectives that we have here?
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And If I can focus on that and focus on more one on one instructional time with students, I think that's a lot better educational experience.
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So here we could see, I think, where AI could be a big help in the classroom if we leverage it well.
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Now, what are we going to need to do, though, if we're going to teach this?
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I think we're going to need a good deal of AI literacy.
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We're going to need to be able to understand what AI can do.
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and what it can't do.
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What are its limitations and what are its possibilities?
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So, It's not always clear to everyone what those things are, but that's going to be critical.
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And understand what things it may tell you it can do, but it really is quite limited on those.
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We also need a lot better understanding of ethics.
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What are the right things to do with this?
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Because one of the things I emphasize in my classes to my computer science students is just
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because you can do something doesn't mean you should do something.
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Think about unintended consequences.
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Think about responsible AI, trustworthy AI.
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What will be the impacts of this on society?
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OK, let's take a look at some practical examples of what I've been talking about just kind of in general.
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So we'll look at some rather than.
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have students write a ton of essays from scratch, which is still a good,
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useful activity, but maybe we spend a little more time having them do debates.
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where they're going to have to leverage their critical thinking skills that I told you were so important.
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Also, being able to communicate.
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So their communication skills will be tested in this and their ability to do quick thinking on their feet in the moment.
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That's something also they won't be able to rely on the A .I to give them the example, but I want them to be able to think on their feet.
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And not everything allows the sort of time for deep thinking.
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So we could do some of that kind of stuff.
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Again, I'm not saying we should never do essays, these other things might be more important going forward.
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Instead of doing memorization, Well, I don't know.
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And we're going to spend that time on principles.
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So for, again, the example of the periodic table, instead of memorizing where every element is,
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realize that certain parts of the table have certain characteristics and other parts of the table have certain other characteristics.
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And what does that mean then if we try to mix different things?
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To me, that's a lot more interesting kind of situation.
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It leads to more higher order thinking and it's a chance to do more applied knowledge and things of that sort.
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Another example that I already gave is the example of complex arithmetic.
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Instead of doing a lot of that, if I'm not spending all of my time doing long division, I can spend more time doing algebra and calculus.
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And that's a lot more interesting stuff.
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There's a lot more possibilities for analysis, for logical thinking, for reasoning, and things of that sort.
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So again, there are college courses where there's no way you could get through the class
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if you were having to do all of the arithmetic by hand.
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So we're not going to require that.
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We really want them to learn these kinds of things because that lets us accomplish a whole lot more in the end.
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AI is not some passing fad that will go away in a few years.
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It's here to stay.
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What boss is going to say, do this, but by the way, don't use AI?
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I'll help you with the answer.
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None.
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The jobs of the future will require the best tools in order to stay competitive.
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So the education we give students needs to assume that and leverage it.
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If we want our students to be able to use AI in the workplace, they should learn how to use AI in the classroom first.
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Otherwise, we're training the next generation to live in the past.
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making them ill -equipped to compete in the modern era of AI.
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And as you can see from my penmanship or lack thereof, that's a future I'm definitely looking forward to.
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文脈と背景
この動画では、教育におけるAIの役割と、特に生成AIが批判的思考に与える影響について発表されています。話し手は、AIが学習方法を根本的に変えていることを認識しており、その技術を教育に取り入れることの重要性を強調しています。従来の手法に固執することは、学生たちが未来の職場に備える上での障害になると警告しています。この文脈を理解することが、動画の内容を掴む手助けとなるでしょう。
日常会話に役立つ5つのフレーズ
- “AIは学習方法を変えています。” - 未来の教育についての理解を示します。
- “私たちは、この技術を受け入れる必要があります。” - 技術に対する積極的な姿勢を表現します。
- “批判的思考スキルが不可欠です。” - 新しいスキルの重要性を強調します。
- “学生たちにフレキシビリティを持たせるべきです。” - 適応力の重要性について意見を述べます。
- “AIは個別指導を可能にします。” - パーソナライズ教育の利点を紹介します。
ステップバイステップ シャドウイングガイド
この動画の難易度に取り組むための効果的な方法は、シャドウイングを活用することです。以下はその具体的な手順です：
- 視聴前の準備：動画を最初に視聴し、全体の流れを把握します。
- フレーズごとの練習：重要なフレーズを一つずつ繰り返し、発音を確認します。「AIは学習方法を変えています。」から始め、自然に発音できるようにします。
- 再生速度の調整：YouTubeの設定で再生速度を遅くし、発音を追いやすくします。
- 音声を重ねる：「shadowspeaks」のように、音声を重ねながら、自分の声を録音して確認します。
- 反復練習：何度も繰り返し練習し、英語の発音を良くすることを目指します。
この方法を通じて、英語のスピーキングスキルを向上させることができます。動画を見ながら実践することで、自然なコミュニケーション能力を育てましょう。YouTubeで英語学習を楽しむことができるでしょう。
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | has already left · have been · you've learned |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | were never taught · was often taught · was considered |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | tasks, which are · teachers who are · scratch, which is |
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。