シャドーイング練習: Climate change: Are there too many people? - 6 Minute English - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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6 Minute English from the BBC.
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6 Minute English from the BBC.
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Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Neil.
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And I'm Sam.
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We're talking about the environment in this programme, specifically climate change.
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Now Sam, what do you think is the biggest cause of climate change?
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An obvious answer would be that climate change is the result of carbon emissions caused by humans.
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It's about people's carbon footprint – the measurement of how much carbon dioxide is produced by someone's everyday activities.
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That makes sense.
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But recently some scientists, especially in the West, have been focusing on another issue – the increasing number of people in the world, something known as overpopulation.
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In this programme, we'll be discussing the controversial link between overpopulation and climate change.
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And as usual, we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well.
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as well.
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Sounds good, Neil.
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But first I have a question for you.
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Over the last 100 years, within one lifetime, the world's population has soared.
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At the start of the 20th century, it was around one and a half billion.
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But how many people are there in the world today?
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Is it a 7 billion, b 8 billion or c 9 billion?
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I'll say around 8 billion people live on the planet today.
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I'll reveal the answer later in the program.
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Since climate change is caused by human activities, it seems common sense that fewer people would mean lower carbon emissions.
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But in fact, the connection isn't so simple.
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Not everyone emits carbon equally, and people in the Western world produce far more than people in sub-Saharan Africa or Asia.
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Arvind Ravikumar is Professor of Climate Policy at the University of Texas.
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He's made the surprising calculation that an extra two billion people born in low-consuming countries would actually add very little to global carbon emissions.
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Here, Kate Lamble and Neil Rozelle, presenters of BBC World Service programme The Climate Question, discuss Professor Ravikumar's findings.
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What he's saying is kind of astonishing, right?
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Two billion people is, to say the least, a lot.
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It's the combined population of Europe and Africa.
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He's crunched the numbers and found that an extra two billion low-income people, as defined by the World Bank – these are people without cars, without electricity often – would see global emissions rise by just 1.5%.
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Add 2 billion high-income earners – that's people with cars and power and all the mod cons – and Arvid reckons emissions would rise by more than 60%.
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So when it comes to climate change and population, where you were born matters.
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Professor Ravi Kumar made his discovery after crunching the numbers – an idiom meaning performing many mathematical calculations involving large amounts of data.
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He concluded that whereas 2 billion low-income people would increase carbon levels very little, 2 billion high-income people would increase it a lot.
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That's because high-income populations have mod cons, which is short for modern conveniences, technology and machines like cars, fridges and air conditioning that make life easier and more pleasant.
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According to this view, the real problem is not overpopulation, but overconsumption.
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Affluence – that's having lots of money and owning many things – has become a big factor in climate change.
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And that's true in poorer countries as well as richer ones.
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Listen to Rajesh Joshi, reporter for BBC World Service's The Climate Question, interviewing a rich Indian housewife, Priti Dagan, in her luxurious home in New Delhi.
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I need everything that I buy.
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You cannot be judgemental about anybody's needs.
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And I derive a lot of happiness out of being very, very drawn towards consumer things.
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and I love it and I'm not apologetic about it.
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So if I tell you that poor people have a smaller carbon footprint as compared to their richer counterparts, do you feel apologetic about it?
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So the brain says yes, we should be apologetic about it, but the heart does not agree.
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Yes, poor can't afford lots of stuff so their carbon imprint is small, but here my heart wins over my brain because it gives me happiness.
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Priti does not feel apologetic about her shopping.
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She doesn't think that she should feel sorry.
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Shopping makes her happy and she lets her heart rule her head – an idiom meaning that you do something based on emotions rather than reason.
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Priti is being very honest.
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She is consuming and looking for happiness in a way that people in the West have been doing for decades.
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It seems overconsumption is a bigger cause of climate change than raw population numbers.
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Speaking of which, what was the answer to your question, Sam?
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Ah yes, I asked about the current global population.
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You guessed it was around 8 billion people, which was the correct answer.
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According to the United Nations, the world's population reached 8 billion on November 15, 2022.
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Right, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, starting with carbon footprint, a measurement of how much carbon dioxide someone's activities produce.
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If you crunch numbers, you perform many mathematical calculations involving large amounts of data.
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Modcons is short for modern conveniences, conveniences – machines like cars, washing machines and fridges, which make life easier and more pleasant.
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Affluence means having lots of money or material possessions.
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If you are apologetic, you show that you feel sorry for something harmful you have said or done.
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And finally, the idiom let your heart rule your head means to do something based on emotion and personal desires, rather than for logical or practical reasons.
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For now, it's goodbye.
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Bye-bye.
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6 Minute English from the BBC.
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このビデオで話す練習をする理由は？
この「6分間英会話」のビデオは、気候変動や人口増加についての重要なディスカッションを提供します。特に、地球環境に関する議論は現代社会において非常に重要であり、英語の発音を良くするための話し合いのコンテキストを形成します。聞き取るだけでなく、話す練習をすることで、関連する語彙や表現を実際に使ってみることができ、より効果的に英語を学ぶことができます。また、リアルな会話を通じて、英語スピーキング練習の資質を向上させることも可能です。
文法と表現のコンテキスト
このビデオでは、以下のような重要な文法構造や表現が用いられています。
- Carbon emissions: 二酸化炭素排出量について言及することで、環境問題に関連する語彙を学べます。
- It's about people's carbon footprint: 「人々のカーボンフットプリントについて」という表現は、自己の行動が環境に与える影響を示す際に便利です。
- Where you were born matters: 出身地が問題になるというニュアンスを伝える文構造は、議論を深めるために役立ちます。
これらの構造を使用することで、あなたの表現力が豊かになり、より自然に英語を話せるようになります。特に、YouTubeで英語学習をする際には、このような表現を意識して使用することが重要です。
一般的な発音の罠
ビデオ内では一部の難しい単語やアクセントがあります。特に注意すべき点は以下の通りです：
- Carbon emissions: 「カーボン」の部分は、アメリカ英語とイギリス英語では発音が異なることがあります。
- Astonishing: この単語の発音は意外と難しいため、声に出して練習することをお勧めします。
- Affluence: 「アフルエンス」という単語も一般的に使われますが、正確に発音することで自信を持って話すことができます。
これらの単語を練習することで、発音の精度を高めることができ、英語での会話がスムーズになります。特に、shadowspeakやshadow speechの手法を用いて、発音を強化するトレーニングが大変効果的です。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。