Prática de Shadowing: Climate change: Are there too many people? - 6 Minute English - Aprenda a falar inglês com o YouTube

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6 Minute English from the BBC.
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6 Minute English from the BBC.
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Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Neil.
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And I'm Sam.
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We're talking about the environment in this programme, specifically climate change.
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Now Sam, what do you think is the biggest cause of climate change?
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An obvious answer would be that climate change is the result of carbon emissions caused by humans.
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It's about people's carbon footprint – the measurement of how much carbon dioxide is produced by someone's everyday activities.
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That makes sense.
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But recently some scientists, especially in the West, have been focusing on another issue – the increasing number of people in the world, something known as overpopulation.
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In this programme, we'll be discussing the controversial link between overpopulation and climate change.
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And as usual, we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well.
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as well.
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Sounds good, Neil.
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But first I have a question for you.
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Over the last 100 years, within one lifetime, the world's population has soared.
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At the start of the 20th century, it was around one and a half billion.
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But how many people are there in the world today?
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Is it a 7 billion, b 8 billion or c 9 billion?
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I'll say around 8 billion people live on the planet today.
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I'll reveal the answer later in the program.
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Since climate change is caused by human activities, it seems common sense that fewer people would mean lower carbon emissions.
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But in fact, the connection isn't so simple.
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Not everyone emits carbon equally, and people in the Western world produce far more than people in sub-Saharan Africa or Asia.
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Arvind Ravikumar is Professor of Climate Policy at the University of Texas.
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He's made the surprising calculation that an extra two billion people born in low-consuming countries would actually add very little to global carbon emissions.
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Here, Kate Lamble and Neil Rozelle, presenters of BBC World Service programme The Climate Question, discuss Professor Ravikumar's findings.
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What he's saying is kind of astonishing, right?
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Two billion people is, to say the least, a lot.
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It's the combined population of Europe and Africa.
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He's crunched the numbers and found that an extra two billion low-income people, as defined by the World Bank – these are people without cars, without electricity often – would see global emissions rise by just 1.5%.
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Add 2 billion high-income earners – that's people with cars and power and all the mod cons – and Arvid reckons emissions would rise by more than 60%.
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So when it comes to climate change and population, where you were born matters.
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Professor Ravi Kumar made his discovery after crunching the numbers – an idiom meaning performing many mathematical calculations involving large amounts of data.
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He concluded that whereas 2 billion low-income people would increase carbon levels very little, 2 billion high-income people would increase it a lot.
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That's because high-income populations have mod cons, which is short for modern conveniences, technology and machines like cars, fridges and air conditioning that make life easier and more pleasant.
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According to this view, the real problem is not overpopulation, but overconsumption.
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Affluence – that's having lots of money and owning many things – has become a big factor in climate change.
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And that's true in poorer countries as well as richer ones.
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Listen to Rajesh Joshi, reporter for BBC World Service's The Climate Question, interviewing a rich Indian housewife, Priti Dagan, in her luxurious home in New Delhi.
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I need everything that I buy.
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You cannot be judgemental about anybody's needs.
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And I derive a lot of happiness out of being very, very drawn towards consumer things.
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and I love it and I'm not apologetic about it.
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So if I tell you that poor people have a smaller carbon footprint as compared to their richer counterparts, do you feel apologetic about it?
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So the brain says yes, we should be apologetic about it, but the heart does not agree.
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Yes, poor can't afford lots of stuff so their carbon imprint is small, but here my heart wins over my brain because it gives me happiness.
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Priti does not feel apologetic about her shopping.
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She doesn't think that she should feel sorry.
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Shopping makes her happy and she lets her heart rule her head – an idiom meaning that you do something based on emotions rather than reason.
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Priti is being very honest.
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She is consuming and looking for happiness in a way that people in the West have been doing for decades.
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It seems overconsumption is a bigger cause of climate change than raw population numbers.
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Speaking of which, what was the answer to your question, Sam?
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Ah yes, I asked about the current global population.
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You guessed it was around 8 billion people, which was the correct answer.
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According to the United Nations, the world's population reached 8 billion on November 15, 2022.
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Right, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, starting with carbon footprint, a measurement of how much carbon dioxide someone's activities produce.
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If you crunch numbers, you perform many mathematical calculations involving large amounts of data.
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Modcons is short for modern conveniences, conveniences – machines like cars, washing machines and fridges, which make life easier and more pleasant.
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Affluence means having lots of money or material possessions.
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If you are apologetic, you show that you feel sorry for something harmful you have said or done.
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And finally, the idiom let your heart rule your head means to do something based on emotion and personal desires, rather than for logical or practical reasons.
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For now, it's goodbye.
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Bye-bye.
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6 Minute English from the BBC.
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Sobre Esta Aula

Nesta aula, os alunos terão a oportunidade de praticar seu inglês por meio de um conteúdo relevante sobre mudanças climáticas e a relação com a população mundial. Através da análise de um episódio de "6 Minute English", os aprendizes poderão expandir seu vocabulário e melhora sua pronúncia enquanto discutem um tema de grande importância global.

Vocabulário e Frases Chave

  • Carbon footprint: A medição da quantidade de dióxido de carbono produzida pelas atividades diárias de uma pessoa.
  • Overpopulation: O aumento excessivo da população em relação aos recursos disponíveis.
  • Mod cons: Abreviação para "modern conveniences", que se refere a tecnologias e eletrodomésticos que facilitam a vida.
  • Affluence: A condição de ter muito dinheiro e possuir muitas coisas.
  • Carbon emissions: Liberações de carbono na atmosfera, geralmente resultantes de atividades humanas.
  • High-income earners: Pessoas com alta renda que geralmente consomem mais recursos.
  • Low-income people: Pessoas com baixa renda, que tendem a ter um impacto menor no meio ambiente.
  • Overconsumption: O ato de consumir mais do que é necessário, levando a um aumento do desperdício e da degradação ambiental.

Dicas de Prática

Para aproveitar ao máximo este vídeo e melhorar sua prática de conversação em inglês, utilize a técnica de shadowing. Tente reproduzir as falas dos apresentadores assim que as ouvir, imitando sua entonação e velocidade. O conteúdo do 6 Minute English apresenta um ritmo moderado, ideal para iniciantes e intermediários. Recomenda-se ouvir os trechos várias vezes, concentrando-se em como as palavras são pronunciadas e como as ideias são construídas. Você pode começar com pausas curtas, repetir apenas uma frase de cada vez e, conforme se sentir mais confortável, passar a imitar trechos maiores. Essa prática não só melhorará sua pronúncia, mas também ajudará a aumentar seu vocabulário e sua confiança ao falar.

Dedique alguns minutos diariamente à prática de shadow speech com os vídeos do YouTube. Isso não somente tornará o aprendizado mais dinâmico, mas também facilitará a assimilação de novas estruturas e expressões em inglês.

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

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