쉐도잉 연습: Climate change: Are there too many people? - 6 Minute English - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기

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6 Minute English from the BBC.
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6 Minute English from the BBC.
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Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Neil.
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And I'm Sam.
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We're talking about the environment in this programme, specifically climate change.
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Now Sam, what do you think is the biggest cause of climate change?
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An obvious answer would be that climate change is the result of carbon emissions caused by humans.
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It's about people's carbon footprint – the measurement of how much carbon dioxide is produced by someone's everyday activities.
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That makes sense.
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But recently some scientists, especially in the West, have been focusing on another issue – the increasing number of people in the world, something known as overpopulation.
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In this programme, we'll be discussing the controversial link between overpopulation and climate change.
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And as usual, we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well.
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as well.
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Sounds good, Neil.
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But first I have a question for you.
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Over the last 100 years, within one lifetime, the world's population has soared.
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At the start of the 20th century, it was around one and a half billion.
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But how many people are there in the world today?
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Is it a 7 billion, b 8 billion or c 9 billion?
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I'll say around 8 billion people live on the planet today.
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I'll reveal the answer later in the program.
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Since climate change is caused by human activities, it seems common sense that fewer people would mean lower carbon emissions.
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But in fact, the connection isn't so simple.
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Not everyone emits carbon equally, and people in the Western world produce far more than people in sub-Saharan Africa or Asia.
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Arvind Ravikumar is Professor of Climate Policy at the University of Texas.
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He's made the surprising calculation that an extra two billion people born in low-consuming countries would actually add very little to global carbon emissions.
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Here, Kate Lamble and Neil Rozelle, presenters of BBC World Service programme The Climate Question, discuss Professor Ravikumar's findings.
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What he's saying is kind of astonishing, right?
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Two billion people is, to say the least, a lot.
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It's the combined population of Europe and Africa.
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He's crunched the numbers and found that an extra two billion low-income people, as defined by the World Bank – these are people without cars, without electricity often – would see global emissions rise by just 1.5%.
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Add 2 billion high-income earners – that's people with cars and power and all the mod cons – and Arvid reckons emissions would rise by more than 60%.
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So when it comes to climate change and population, where you were born matters.
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Professor Ravi Kumar made his discovery after crunching the numbers – an idiom meaning performing many mathematical calculations involving large amounts of data.
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He concluded that whereas 2 billion low-income people would increase carbon levels very little, 2 billion high-income people would increase it a lot.
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That's because high-income populations have mod cons, which is short for modern conveniences, technology and machines like cars, fridges and air conditioning that make life easier and more pleasant.
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According to this view, the real problem is not overpopulation, but overconsumption.
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Affluence – that's having lots of money and owning many things – has become a big factor in climate change.
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And that's true in poorer countries as well as richer ones.
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Listen to Rajesh Joshi, reporter for BBC World Service's The Climate Question, interviewing a rich Indian housewife, Priti Dagan, in her luxurious home in New Delhi.
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I need everything that I buy.
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You cannot be judgemental about anybody's needs.
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And I derive a lot of happiness out of being very, very drawn towards consumer things.
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and I love it and I'm not apologetic about it.
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So if I tell you that poor people have a smaller carbon footprint as compared to their richer counterparts, do you feel apologetic about it?
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So the brain says yes, we should be apologetic about it, but the heart does not agree.
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Yes, poor can't afford lots of stuff so their carbon imprint is small, but here my heart wins over my brain because it gives me happiness.
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Priti does not feel apologetic about her shopping.
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She doesn't think that she should feel sorry.
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Shopping makes her happy and she lets her heart rule her head – an idiom meaning that you do something based on emotions rather than reason.
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Priti is being very honest.
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She is consuming and looking for happiness in a way that people in the West have been doing for decades.
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It seems overconsumption is a bigger cause of climate change than raw population numbers.
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Speaking of which, what was the answer to your question, Sam?
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Ah yes, I asked about the current global population.
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You guessed it was around 8 billion people, which was the correct answer.
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According to the United Nations, the world's population reached 8 billion on November 15, 2022.
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Right, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, starting with carbon footprint, a measurement of how much carbon dioxide someone's activities produce.
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If you crunch numbers, you perform many mathematical calculations involving large amounts of data.
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Modcons is short for modern conveniences, conveniences – machines like cars, washing machines and fridges, which make life easier and more pleasant.
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Affluence means having lots of money or material possessions.
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If you are apologetic, you show that you feel sorry for something harmful you have said or done.
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And finally, the idiom let your heart rule your head means to do something based on emotion and personal desires, rather than for logical or practical reasons.
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For now, it's goodbye.
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Bye-bye.
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6 Minute English from the BBC.
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이 영상은 기후 변화라는 중요한 주제를 다루고 있어, 영어 학습에 매우 유익합니다. 기후 변화는 현대 사회에서 매우 중요한 이슈이며, 이를 통해 깊이 있는 대화를 나누는 능력을 향상시킬 수 있습니다. 특히, shadowspeak와 shadow speech 기법을 활용하면 어휘력과 발음 개선에 크게 도움이 됩니다. 이 프로그램에서의 대화는 자연스러운 영어 사용을 익힐 수 있는 좋은 기회를 제공합니다. 또한, 유튜브 영어 공부를 통해 다양한 상황에서 응용 가능한 표현과 문장을 학습할 수 있습니다.

문맥 속의 문법 및 표현

영상에서 몇 가지 중요한 문법 구조와 표현을 살펴보겠습니다:

  • It seems common sense that... - 이 표현은 일반적으로 받아들여지는 사실을 나타내는 데 유용합니다. 예: "It seems common sense that fewer people would mean lower carbon emissions."
  • What he's saying is kind of astonishing... - 누군가의 의견이나 주장이 놀랍다는 것을 표현할 때 사용할 수 있습니다. 이는 대화에서 상대방의 말을 강조하는 좋은 방법입니다.
  • Where you were born matters. - "어디서 태어났는지가 중요하다"는 주제를 통해 다양성을 논의할 수 있습니다. 이는 특히 IELTS 스피킹 시험에서 중요한 주제 중 하나입니다.

일반적인 발음 오류

영상에서 자주 사용되는 몇몇 발음을 연습함으로써 발음을 교정할 수 있습니다. 특히 주의해야 할 몇 가지 단어는 다음과 같습니다:

  • carbon emissions - 이 단어는 정확하게 발음하는 것이 중요하며, 특히 자음 사이의 연결을 주의해야 합니다.
  • affluence - 이 단어는 '애플랜스'와 같이 발음하기 쉽지만, 정확한 발음은 '어플루언스'입니다.
  • overpopulation - 이 단어는 빠르게 말할 때 발음하기 어려울 수 있으며, 각 음절에 집중하여 천천히 발음 연습을 할 필요가 있습니다.

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