シャドーイング練習: Helpdesk to Sysadmin - 3 Things You Must Learn First - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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What are three things you must know to move from help desk to sysadmin?

My name's Jake.

I've been working in IT at an MSP for about a year now,

and this is how I was able to break out of tier one and move up to system administrator.

For those of you who don't know, an MSP is a managed service provider, so we give IT services to other companies.

So the first thing

you're going to have to learn in order to move up is how to read logs like a bloodhound.

I don't care if it's event viewer, syslogs, show commands, GP result,

You have to be able to read logs like your life depends on it because it does.

Logs are where the real answer lives.

You can look for things like security event logs 4625 failed logons.

Don't just look at the username look at these sub status codes and use GPT to make sense of them.

This is gonna give you a ton of information.

Group policy using things like GP result slash H is super clutch

because you can push that HTML file out to a place on the computer

and then analyze exactly what policies it's getting and what policies it's not getting.

You might see access denied, missing scripts, a GPO not being applied because of some security group.

You might use logs to look for DNS issues, bad forwarders, or stale A records.

Oftentimes you're going to find these things faster in logs than just pinging around aimlessly.

Now why does this matter?

Because at level one, you reboot and if it doesn't work, you escalate.

You do some basic troubleshooting and you escalate.

At the sysadmin level, you're responsible for finding the answer to the problem.

Not only do you investigate, you bring receipts.

You don't guess, you have to prove it.

Now, one of my first wins at sysadmin level was

when one of our company's core apps was not performing the way it was supposed to be performing.

It was dropping connections and running slow,

and I got into one of those very common situations where the vendor and seemingly everybody is blaming the network.

I was able to use tools like

Continuous Ping and WinMTR to prove that there was no packet loss or any real substantial latency.

We pulled performance data, got on multiple vendor calls,

rebuilt tunnels, and ultimately was able to work with them to show that it was a CPU bottleneck on their end.

This is when people start trusting you with the bigger stuff,

when you're able to find data and prove that it is or isn't what you think it is or isn't.

The second thing I think

you've got to know in order to go up to level

two to assist admin is you have to understand DHCP and DNS.

I know it sounds boring, but honestly, 90 % of weird IT issues trace back to one of these two things.

DNS, how your device actually resolves URLs.

So when a user types in portal .office .com, the device doesn't just automatically know where to go.

It's going to start by checking its local DNS cache.

Then it's going to hit its configured DNS server, usually your domain controller.

That's either going to help resolve the name internally or forward it externally to somewhere else.

So you need to know the difference between things like forwarders and root hints.

When your DNS server doesn't know the answer, where does it ask?

You need to know the difference between internal and external zones.

Is the name hosted inside your network or outside your network?

And then aging

and scavenging are going to be super important to things like cleaning up old stale DNS entries

because these are going to cause conflicts and issues.

And then DHCP is how IPs actually get handed out on a network.

Most devices, most of the time are not going to have a static IP set.

They're going to have one automatically handed to them by this protocol.

Your DHCP server is going to hand them out like a parking lot manager.

But if two cars get in the same spot, that's an IP conflict.

So you need to know how leases work and when they expire

and how they expire because they don't actually expire at the end of the lease.

They expire first at the middle of their lease, how to make reservations like for critical devices like printers or servers,

and then what causes conflicts like overlapping scopes or someone setting a static IP within a DHCP range.

Super duper important, something that we do all the time.

Let me give you a couple real world examples.

We used to have clients with the DNS server set to the loopback address, which is 127 .0 .0 .1,

because the old Cisco umbrella roaming client used this to resolve DNX or really to proxy DNS.

This causes all kinds of issues

because the umbrella roaming client is no longer a thing and a lot of devices still have that loopback address set statically.

So DNS just doesn't work and people say my internet doesn't work and then you have to go in and fix it.

I've also time and time again seen printers go offline because they have static IPs within the DHCP range.

Random drops and things will print and then they won't print and all these weird behaviors trace back to DHCP.

Again this stuff happens all the time.

So why does this matter?

If a user can't access his shared drive or Outlook keeps going offline

when they hop on the VPN or hop off the VPN

or a printer won't work sometimes or it only works after a reboot.

Probably DNS or DHCP.

So again, the help desk resets the nick and hopes for the best.

The sysadmin opens the DHCP console, checks the lease, reviews DNS records, and finds the source of the issue.

That's the difference.

And then finally, something you have to know to go up to sysadmin is scripting and automation.

If you're doing something more than twice a day, script it, period.

You can start with using PowerShell to create users.

And then we can automate report generation, exporting things to CSV.

We can use scheduled tasks to loop or batch process changes.

And when you're doing all this, absolutely use GPT and VS Code as your personal helpers.

We live in an amazing time where you don't have to read a book and actually learn PowerShell.

You can ask ChatGPT and it will give you a phenomenal answer most of the time.

So I wasn't some coding genius, but I learned early on that I have to use PowerShell to save myself time.

And scripting will do this for you.

It'll open up an absolute whole new world of productivity.

For me, the first time that I really saw this was

when I had to remove 20 contractors who were all fired at once from all of these distribution lists,

all of these groups, all these entra groups.

I could have spent hours clicking through AD and clicking through entra,

but instead I just wrote a few scripts using ChatGPT in probably 10 to 15 minutes

and got it all done at once.

I also use scripts all the time for log filtering now.

Again, I used to go to event viewer and click and filter for the logs there.

Now you can just write a PowerShell script and it'll find you the exact logs, when they happened, what you need,

and you can move on with your life.

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And that kind of efficiency gets you noticed.

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You get stuff done.

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And a bonus thing you've got to learn is understand basic networking.

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You don't need to be a CCNA or CCNP networking beast, but if you can learn to trace

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and troubleshoot a basic networking issue to gather information before you send it off to the network engineers, it's going to level you up.

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So you definitely got to know ping.

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You got to know trace route you got to use ipconfig

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and you got to use these tools to actually reconcile against the documentation you have.

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So if you run a trace route and the trace stops at some certain place, you need to find what is that IP?

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Is that one of our devices?

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Is that a different device?

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Like where is this traffic stopping?

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That information alone is crucial.

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You got to understand what a default gateway is

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and you got to understand what VLANs and subnets are and how these things work,

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especially if you're working in a place that's going to have segmented networks, which you probably should be.

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And then also just understanding when to hone in on the switch versus the endpoint versus the firewall.

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Always start with the endpoint or the switch.

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All right, so if you're serious about becoming a sysadmin, it starts with these three, four skills.

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Read logs, understand infrastructure basics, DHCP, DNS, and then automate the boring stuff.

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And learn a little bit of networking.

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If you nail those things, you're not just on your way to sysadmin work, you're already doing it.

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And if you wanna actually build these skills, start labbing, make a test tenant at home,

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mess with DNS, and use your buddy ChatGPT to write some baby PowerShell scripts.

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It doesn't matter if it's perfect what matters is that you're not waiting for permission from someone to start leveling up.

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This is stuff you can do on your own.

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And in IT in general, doing the work before someone actually gives it to you is the biggest factor for leveling up fast,

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speed running the tiers, and going from zero to IT hero.

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If this helps you guys, drop a like and a sub if that's your thing.

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Really appreciate you guys.

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Have a good day. Be safe. Be smart.

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Make some good decisions.

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Start leveling up.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Helpdesk to Sysadmin - 3 Things You Must Learn First」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：Dns, log, Dhcp, sysadmin, device。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が132文、単語が1671語あります。音声の長さは7:18です。話す速さは速く、1分あたり約229語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は80%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
log 名詞	/lɔɡ/	丸太, 丸木
script 名詞	/skɹɪpt/	文書, 文章
trace 名詞	/tɹeɪs/	跡, 痕跡
server 名詞	/ˈsɝvɚ/	サーバー
expire 動詞	/ɪkˈspaɪə(ɹ)/	失効する
resolve 動詞	/ɹɪˈzɑlv/	解く, 分解する
static 形容詞	/ˈstæt.ɪk/	静的
printer 名詞	/ˈpɹɪntɚ/	印刷者
desk 名詞	/dɛsk/	机
skill 名詞	/skɪl/	腕, 技
versus	/ˈvɝsəs/	対, バーサス
filter 名詞	/ˈfɪltɚ/	濾過器, フィルター
tier 名詞	/ˈtɪɚ/	層, 階層
bore 動詞	/boɹ/	いらいらさせる
umbrella 名詞	/ʌmˈbɹɛl.ə/	傘, 蝙蝠傘

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
clean up 動詞	掃除する

繰り返し練習したい文

動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。

You don't guess, you have to prove it.
Is the name hosted inside your network or outside your network?
Is that one of our devices?

注意したい発音

話し手はyou're, don't, doesn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を39回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「sh」と「zh」の音: efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, substantial /səbˈstænʃəl/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/, reservation /ˌɹɛz.ɚˈveɪ.ʃən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, investigate /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/, continuous /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/, productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, umbrella /ʌmˈbɹɛl.ə/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, protocol /ˈpɹoʊtəˌkɑl/, controller /kənˈtɹoʊlɚ/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: server /ˈsɝvɚ/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, versus /ˈvɝsəs/, vendor /ˈvɛn.dɚ/, viewer /ˈvju.ɚ/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: filter /ˈfɪltɚ/, offline /ɔfˈlaɪn/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, default /dɪˈfɔlt/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。log, script, traceなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Helpdesk to Sysadmin - 3 Things You Must Learn First - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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