シャドーイング練習: How do we adapt to the cold? ⏲️ 6 Minute English - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com Hello.
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This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Phil.
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And I'm Bekah.
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6 Minute English listeners are truly global,
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coming from all over the world including some of the coldest countries on Earth.
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Places like Finland, where winter temperatures drop to minus 20 degrees Celsius.
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Are you good at dealing with the cold, Phil?
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I'm not sure, but I do know that I don't like it.
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What about you, Becca?
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Well, I'd rather be too hot and cool down than too cold and try to warm up.
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Yes, me too.
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Here in the UK, it never gets as cold as Finland.
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But it's not unusual to see some people dressed in t-shirts while others are wrapped up in warm clothes.
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Why do people feel the cold so differently?
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That's what we'll be discussing in this episode,
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as well as learning some useful new words and phrases.
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And as always, you'll find all the vocabulary from this episode,
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plus a quiz and worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.
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But now I have a question for you, Becca.
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According to the Guinness Book of World Records,
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the lowest temperature ever recorded was a very cold minus 89 degrees Celsius but where?
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Was it A, the Arctic,
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B, Antarctica or C, the top of Mount Everest?
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Hmm, I'm going to guess B, Antarctica.
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OK, well we'll find out the answer at the end of the programme.
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Our experience of cold depends on many things,
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including our genes, culture and place of birth.
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But perhaps the most obvious thing is the clothes we wear.
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Professor Gunil Sartran lives on the icy island of Svalbard,
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800 miles inside the Arctic Circle.
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Here, she advises presenter Caroline Steele on how to dress against the cold for BBC World Service programme CrowdScience.
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So what should we consider when choosing our clothes?
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First and foremost, I would say that perhaps the gender differs.
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So, male often are more tolerant perhaps than females.
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Then it's of course what you're used to.
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Are you used to dealing with the cold?
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Are you not?
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Gunhild says that first and foremost,
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men and women filled the cold differently.
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She uses the phrase first and foremost to mean more than anything else.
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She wants to emphasise that something,
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in this case someone's gender,
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is the most important thing to consider.
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There is some debate about whether men or women are more tolerant of the cold.
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Being intolerant of something means being able to endure it without getting hurt.
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Another important factor is whether you are used to the cold,
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if being in cold environments is something you're familiar with.
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It might sound obvious that someone born in Arctic Svalbard would feel less cold than someone born in Brazil.
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But apart from environmental factors,
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are there actual physical differences that allow people to cope better with the cold?
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Dr. Kara Ockobok studies reindeer herders in northern Finland,
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people who live in cold temperatures every day and have done for centuries.
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She measures their reaction to extreme cold and compares it to ordinary Finns from warmer parts of the country.
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Here, Kara shares her findings with Caroline Steele from BBC World Service's CrowdScience.
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OK, and my guess is the reindeer herders deal better in the cold?
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Yes and no. The more data we collect within this area,
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the more confusing the picture gets.
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I can say that subjectively at this point,
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the reindeer herders at least kind of mentally handle the cold far better.
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They are far less likely to shiver.
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So, do the reindeer herders deal better with the cold?
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The answer is yes and no. A phrase meaning partly and partly not,
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used when there's no clear answer to a question.
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However, Kara does say, subjectively, the herders manage better.
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They don't feel so cold.
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Subjectively means based on your personal inner experience rather than objective facts.
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And physically, there are differences too.
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Reindeer herders are less likely to shiver,
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the shaky movement that cold muscles make to try and warm them up.
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In fact, how we experience the cold is probably a combination of everything we've discussed,
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including genetic adaptations passed on from parents to children.
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Right, I'm off to find my gloves and woolly hat,
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so why don't you reveal the answer to the question, Phil?
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Yes, I asked where the lowest temperature on Earth was ever recorded.
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You said B, Antarctica.
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And that is the right answer.
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The lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth was at the Vostok Research Station in Antarctica in 1983.
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Let's recap the vocabulary we've learnt,
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starting with the phrase first and foremost,
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meaning more than anything else.
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A person who is tolerant of something is able to endure it without being hurt.
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If you're used to something, you're familiar with it.
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The idiom yes and no means partly and partly not,
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and is used when you can't give a clear answer to a question.
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The adverb subjectively means in a way that's based on your personal experience rather than objective facts.
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And finally, a shiver is the shaking movement made by your muscles when you feel cold or afraid.
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Once again, our six minutes are up.
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But remember, you'll find a quiz and a worksheet for this episode on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.
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See you there soon, but for now, it's goodbye.
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Bye.
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Shadowing English
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このレッスンについて
このレッスンでは、寒さに適応する方法や、その感じ方の違いについて学びます。また、気温が極端に低い環境での服装選びに関するアドバイスも取り上げます。英語を学びながら、特に会話で使われる重要な語彙やフレーズに注目し、実際にいかにそれを使うかを練習しましょう。このレッスンがあなたの英語力や英語シャドーイングスキルを向上させる手助けになることを期待しています。
重要な語彙とフレーズ
- 気温 (temperature) - 天候を表す単位。
- 忍耐する (tolerant) - 何かを耐えられること。
- まず第一に (first and foremost) - 最も重要なことを強調する表現。
- 慣れ (used to) - 特定の状況に適応していること。
- 服装 (clothing) - 着る物。寒さに対する適切な選択が鍵。
- 文化 (culture) - 人々の価値観や習慣の集合体。
練習のコツ
今回のレッスンでは、様々な話者による会話が展開されます。まず、話のペースを変えずに、リスニングに集中してください。その後、自分の声で繰り返すことが重要です。英語シャドーイングを実践する際には、以下のポイントに注意しましょう：
- 最初はゆっくりとしたペースでシャドーイングを始め、徐々に話すスピードを上げましょう。
- 音声を聞きながら、感情やトーンに注目し、それを模倣するようにします。
- 時折ポーズを取り、簡単なフレーズを自分なりに言い換えることで、表現力を高めます。
- shadow speechを行うことで、発音やアクセントの向上に役立ててください。
- IELTS スピーキング対策として、このような実践を日常的に行うことで、自信を持って英語を話せるようになります。
このレッスンを通じて、冷たい気候に対する知識を深めながら、英語スキルを高めるための宣言をしましょう。練習を続けることで、確実に上達します！
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。