シャドーイング練習: I’ve never seen this before (and it’s 20 years old.) - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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1
This machine might be 20 years old, but if I were to tell you the specs, you'd probably think it was a perfectly modern PC.
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I'm talking 8 processing cores, 16 threads, 32 gigs of RAM.
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In this economy?
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Gigabit Ethernet, not to mention a terabyte of high -speed storage.
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In this economy?
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I know, right?
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But while its specs might be similar to a gaming PC, can your gaming PC do this?
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i just ripped out a quarter of the memory in this computer and
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if you want your mind really blown
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it is still running a computationally intensive load guys
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there's no movie magic here no computer behind the curtain okay there is one
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but it's just capturing this madness that is insane and
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And I'm going to take it to another level by taking this and putting it right back in live.
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It never missed a beat.
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This blew my freaking mind when I saw it.
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I mean, if I pulled eight gigs of RAM out of your PC while it was turned on,
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well, I better hope I can run faster than you because you'd probably want to rearrange my teeth.
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And I just fixed them.
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but this is different this absolute unit of a machine from the early 2000s was built for resiliency
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and redundancy and
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when i say redundant
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i mean redundant four cpus hard drives in raid 5 complete with a hot spare hot swap pci cards
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and i don't think i've ever been hands -on with this before yes hot swappable ram
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you can just do this all day ram goes in ram
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goes out ram goes in ram goes out ram goes he's gonna be here a
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while while we wait why don't we segue to our sponsor
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look at mark finally using odoo the all -in -one business app subscription he's loving how easy
28
it is to use too oh it's got all the apps i need just like i said i win mark craig
29
okay what exactly am i looking at here though this is
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an ibm x3800 series server from kind early 2000s uh
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it's powered by a bunch of intel zeons think uh pentium
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dual era pentium d okay sorry netburst architecture netburst at its worst pretty much yeah
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we got it from our pals over at disappearing inc shout out by the way definitely
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and uh pancarts has been fixing it up for us
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okay i think the first thing
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that we've got to address is how it's even possible
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that we can pull ram again no tricks out of a live booted system
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and it just keeps going memory mirroring basically raid one for your ram
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so these two banks and these two banks are paired together
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so if you pull one of them it doesn't matter the memory is still there we've got duplicate copies
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that are just across the memory and our memory controller supports that yep
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and you can change the sticks out put them back in to take care of errors all of
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that now there are reasons that you wouldn't be able to do this on modern systems
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and one of them is
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that memory controllers have moved from being off of the cpu
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on the north bridge to being directly in the cpu itself with all of the very low latency expectations
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that come with that see here we're paying a cost in terms of latency
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But, what we're gaining is, RAM goes in.
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Eh, eh.
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Oh boy.
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Eh, eh.
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RAM comes out.
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One thing we did cheat on a little bit is
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that we were already getting this error LED lighting up on the particular bank of modules that we pulled out.
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But, that's kind of the whole reason for the design
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and is exactly what we were trying to illustrate because
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if there's a problem these little blinking lights light up
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and tell us what it is there's even actually more leds
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on the side by the ram module itself to tell you
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which particular stick is bad okay that's pretty freaking cool yeah
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and the reason that they engineered this is high availability allowing most of the problems
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that could come up to be fixed on this server without ever interrupting its operations
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and as we go through
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and dig through it together we're going to see a lot of elements of this machine
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that are built to support this kind of use case starting with the fans okay yeah i mean right it's something that
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You know, obviously we've seen before this type of hot swappable fanage, not to mention the adaptive fan control.
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That as soon as it detects that one of them has failed or missing, it ramps up the remaining ones.
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It's kind of mind -blowing to see that this was already a thing in like, what, 2003?
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2002, 2003, somewhere in there.
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What an incredible system.
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Let's take a closer look at this carrier board.
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I couldn't find any LEDs on the carrier.
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Oh, really?
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Yeah.
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Like the only way I was able to tell what slot it was was in the BIOS error messages.
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There aren't any LEDs there.
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It lied to me.
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I think you pulled a bad one.
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Uh -oh.
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Oh, you're probably supposed to do one at a time.
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I had kind of meant look at this one, not pull another one out.
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Well, you know.
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I think these two are the redundant ones for each other.
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It's got a little button on it.
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Oh, it lights up.
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That is so weird
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You know what?
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Okay, let's do power it down then.
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Okay, since it's like I'm gonna need a pancreas for that here
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It's it's very recessed Nice.
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Oh, whoa shut up.
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Wait, what?
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Did you fix it?
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Oh, did it just go to sleep?
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No, it's unresponsive.
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Yeah Wait, the numlock is wait wait, holy it's still working
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we did it oh yeah he turned it off shutting down it gracefully shut down wait what
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so so these two must not be the pairs for each other they must be
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because we're running in like effectively raid one on the ram
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so these two were backed up to these that's insane
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so up here we've got like a almost like m .2 size looking heat sink um
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that's going to be cooling the mosfets
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so this right here is power delivery for these four modules
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and back then a two gigabyte module was a freaking lot like
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that was insane yeah on the modules themselves you've got another layer of redundancy
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and protection out of each typical eight memory packages
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there's an additional ninth that's going to handle you know any random bit flips
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that might occur that's part of building an ecc module
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now there's some extra chips here like in the spot where
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a ddr5 module would have a pmc for power do you have any idea what these are doing
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because they're also on these 512 meg ones they might be related to voltage drop regulation
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but i'm not 100 sure on that okay so
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but probably something to do with these high capacity and
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or ecc modules continuing to function this actually reminds me a lot of the interfaces
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that we still use for pcie like at the backs of servers very very similar style of pushpin interface
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you can see that some of the pins are a little bit longer this is to make sure
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that your grounds are connected before any of your data pins connect
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and start firing now before i put
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this back in would anything prevent me from putting different memory modules onto it
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and like upgrading in place nope you can upgrade
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and increase your ramp capacity once per power cycle oh okay okay
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so you know we have incredible power but not immeasurable power yes
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that might be os dependent as well okay right
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while we're waiting for the system to fire up let's take a look at this front light indicator
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and usb module check this out how cool is
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that light path diagnostics yeah so what am i looking at here power supply good
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or bad power supply has been unplugged since it was last booted basically
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we've got a built -in alarm yeah we've got a warning for over spec whatever
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that means warnings for raid pci fans I mean, hey, the system works.
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Yep.
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How cool is that?
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You may have angered it.
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Nah, she's good.
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Oh, no, it's fine.
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She's good.
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It's just a fan.
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That is so cool.
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Another cool demo we can do is going to give us
139
a look at what server storage looked like back in those days.
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Whoa.
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I think it literally has to initialize the three and you're pulling it out.
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Well, if it can't handle that, then it's not a very good server, is it?
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All right while this might look like a regular hard drive there actually is something special about it
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that is apparent
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if you look really really close basically
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this is spinning at about three times the speed of your
147
normal consumer hard drive even compared to the high performance drives of the time
148
that spun at 7200 rpm this is still more than double
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this spins at 15 000 rpm well past the red line of basically any consumer motor vehicle
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and it does
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that for a couple of reasons the faster the drive spins the faster you can get to where the data is
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And at a time when storage wasn't solid state yet, that was a big deal.
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The other difference is that these are SAS rather than SATA hard drives.
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So while the interface looks very similar, and in fact, some controllers can address both kinds of drives,
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they support additional functions like, for example, having a single drive be able to be accessed by two separate controllers
156
that also help increase their resiliency in mission -critical applications.
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the one downside of these drives is
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that their capacity is not nearly what you would get out of a regular consumer drive
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that spins lower and doesn't have all these advanced features
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but hey you can make up for it by just buying more of them
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i mean you got server money right
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i figured out what over spec means oh yeah
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it means the power supply is out of spec oh you're drawing too much power
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or whatever so probably if i were to rip a power supply out
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and it were to be relying on just that one yep
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that light would light up probably this is yet another component of this system
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that is designed to be entirely redundant
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and hot swappable in fact it should be able to handle
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this as gracefully as just sliding this back in plugging it in
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and you should hear it pretty much settle back down in a moment
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while you're waiting why not pull one of these instead
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oh what am i looking at here oh that's filling the space where a power supply would go
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but they filled it up with fans so it's not useless got it
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so we could have up to four power supplies yes depending on what kind of a configuration
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we were running say you know how many cpu cores we had
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or how many expansion cards we were running yep let's have a look at these
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This was early days for PCI Express, so this is Gen 1?
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Yeah, this actually has PCI -X on it still.
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Nice, solid.
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So we're not going to be able to put, like, you know, modern, high -performance CUDA compute GPUs in here or anything like that.
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Probably not.
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Everything was still CPUs back then, but...
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Let me make some visual room for you here.
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It does have.. how many is this? one two three four pcie by eight slots i'm actually not sure
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if these are going to run a modern card at all
186
because it specifically says on them
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that each is rated to deliver up to 25 watts to
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my knowledge the pcie spec has always called for up to 75 watts
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that's what i thought through these front power fingers so
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if we put a card
191
that's expecting to pull 75 watts what's going to happen fire explosions whatever it is will be exciting
192
but that means we're not going to do it till later yeah this is our raid controller yeah basically what
193
that does is it does all the calculations
194
that are involved in the parity bits
195
that are stored on your kind of your extra stripe whether that's a single parity bit for RAID 5
196
or two parity bits for RAID 6 and
197
that determines how many of your drives could fail before
198
you lose any data now in order to do those calculations
199
it has to actually hold the data as it's in flight before it's written to the drives
200
which means that if there was a sudden power failure oh no
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that in -flight data is just sitting on the card not on your drives
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that's where these battery backups come in they allow the card to maintain power throughout a power loss cycle
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and then write that data once the system fires back up
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that is unless they've bulged
205
you're missing the best part though the leds back here look like a cylon
206
they do presenting his eminence our imperious leader all right this is our main io as well oh yeah
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so we can talk about that and it's also the management card oh it's modular
208
so so you could swap that out too.
209
Yep, and look at the CPU on there.
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It's got a power PC CPU.
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That should be about the same as Dan's iMac, the blue guy.
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So you've got a whole computer running inside your computer to manage your computer.
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Yes.
214
It's even got fairly comparable I .O to a modern server.
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Display out, couple USBs, Ethernet, management Ethernet.
216
Something you might not have noticed, there's no wires going from this card to your drives.
217
You're so right.
218
I didn't clock that.
219
It's all going through the bus to the management card here and then to the Super IO cable here
220
that goes to your SAS backplane for the first six drives.
221
Right.
222
So that's how important RAID functionality was to servers back then.
223
Nowadays, it's all done in software.
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But back then, they would have considered, okay, there's no way this is running without a RAID card, so it might as well be completely integrated.
225
There actually is a RAID controller on this card as well.
226
just less advanced than this one so it can't run without this card
227
but in less configurations got it oh it's also adapt tech i see it it's right there yeah all right
228
and then if you want a second backplane you plug in here
229
and you have six more drivers at the bottom
230
and then this handles your five and a quarter base your floppy
231
and all the crappy crap right yeah tape drive whatever crap put my cd in my server
232
you could burn the cd off your server uh what's next i guess cpus
233
Uh, they're up there somewhere.
234
I'm not really sure how we get access to them.
235
There is one hint.
236
Yeah.
237
Pencracks pointed out to me that everything in here is color -coded.
238
Yes.
239
Stuff that you're meant to interact with is either this blue...
240
Yes.
241
...or this orange.
242
Right.
243
So if we just start ripping on everything that's blue or orange, we'll eventually make it to the CPUs.
244
Okay, but the orange is hot swap, the blue is not.
245
Right.
246
So we shouldn't mess with blue stuff.
247
Unless we turn it off.
248
Yeah.
249
Hang on, what's the number there?
250
Yeah, okay.
251
409 cinebench scores yep fun fact that's the exact same score my laptop gets really
252
and it's same number of cores same amount of ram same amount of hard drive
253
that right there oh geez wow
254
that was a good shot please tell me
255
you weren't rolling oh on the plus side
256
it's mostly old crappy ram yeah there's three two gig sticks in there that's fine that's still old yeah
257
if it had been ddr5 i would actually be very upset
258
that's 20 years of progress was what i wanted to say see this now the size of this got
259
this cool little unlock mechanism not color -coded blue
260
do better ibm just like we did better making a bolt action pen
261
that's super cool lttstore .com I would have failed screwdriver shafts no less that's true it's not blue but listen
262
Jordan come on man all right
263
we rip these open okay oh these are
264
color coded blue okay side tabs are wow
265
that is some serious connectage not
266
that Dissimilar to a modern server though where a lot of the PCIe will be handled in the same way
267
and you'll have like big like
268
Like almost like spade style connectors for power and stuff like that.
269
Mm -hmm prehistoric motherboard armor
270
Yeah, oh, yeah
271
That's pretty cool
272
Jordan weirded me out.
273
I was like where the heck are all the memory slots?
274
Right right here.
275
Yeah.
276
Yeah.
277
I found them.
278
I found them and these are the fan slots and look at this
279
This is fricking heavy because it's got about 1 ,000 pounds of copper coolers right here at the front.
280
Isn't that beautiful?
281
Each of those with a dual, that's right, deuce core CPU under it.
282
Do we have any idea?
283
Four holes reds.
284
Oh my God.
285
They're very loose.
286
They're very, yeah.
287
They just come off like that?
288
Whoa, they're hot.
289
Oh, it's hot, it's hot.
290
Watch out, watch out.
291
Okay.
292
hi there buddy how you doing that's a socket
293
that i don't think i have ever touched before what is this 604 uh -huh okay
294
and there it is it's kind of amazing how jank
295
and old it looks
296
because the consumer stuff from this generation did not look like
297
jank actually smd chips on there like i know right like look freaking look at this it's
298
so cute it's ridiculous and there it is
299
so here's all the laser engraved information where you've got your stepping
300
and your manufacturing location 667 megahertz front side bus so
301
that was what it used to communicate with memory um rather
302
than having memory controller built into the cpu fun fact that's a big part of why modern cpus have
303
so many flipping pins is because the memory
304
and pcie is routed directly to pins on the cpu speaking of adding two more cpus
305
this motherboard only included the vrms so like the power delivery for two cpus
306
if you wanted more you have to actually add check this out give me that before you drop it.
307
Thanks.
308
You have to add VRM modules over on this side.
309
How crazy is that?
310
It's worth noting that the specs for this are actually nothing special compared to consumer CPUs at the time.
311
3 .33 gigahertz, 667 megahertz frontside bus.
312
Okay, it's got a little bit more cache, 16 megs.
313
but what made these so expensive was the very fact
314
that you could use them in multi -way configurations enabling core counts that just weren't possible on consumer platforms
315
like we were limited to two or i mean realistically one yeah one mostly
316
eight cores think of the cores well yeah
317
you could totally see where like the vrms are on on the motherboard over there, and then they're just not.
318
Yeah, I think it's because they just didn't expect you to actually upgrade.
319
Yeah, who would need eight cores?
320
The CPUs were like four grand a pop.
321
What are they worth now?
322
We paid 500 bucks for the entire computer all in, with all of our upgrades.
323
Yeah, that's probably still too much.
324
Most of that was disappearing ink.
325
Okay, that's fine, they're pros.
326
Or maybe we didn't overpay.
327
I mean, if the recent tour at Hetzner was anything to go by, people are probably still rolling these machines.
328
If it's not broke, why would you replace it?
329
Then why would you replace it?
330
And IBM still provides the support that you need to find replacement parts.
331
Like these FRUs, these reference numbers, are still accessible on their site for a server that is 20 years old.
332
Yep.
333
Which is pretty cool.
334
So when Pancratz was trying to get those VRM modules, he was just like, type, type, type, type, type.
335
They're on eBay, buy, and or G2G.
336
That's pretty cool.
337
Yeah.
338
Is there really any deeper to go?
339
It's just hard drive bays and optical bays down there.
340
If you want to look at the back plane on the hard drives.
341
No, I think I know what I want to do.
342
Uh -oh.
343
This can't be good.
344
Thank you, Corsair, for sending over this PCIe riser to be savaged.
345
Let's plug a GPU into our server.
346
So fun fact, the difference between a PCIe by 16 riser
347
and a PCIe by eight riser is how many PCIe's it has.
348
So now it has eight.
349
We counted the pins and made sure that it's however many fits in the slot.
350
And then all of these pins are now just dead.
351
One of the coolest things about PCIe is depending how much bandwidth you need to your card,
352
you can use however many of the lanes you need.
353
So we need eight, apparently.
354
Ka -chunk.
355
There she is.
356
You're a madman.
357
I know.
358
Here's the power supply.
359
Frank Rats, you got a card?
360
I got a couple options.
361
All right, I'll take whatever's older.
362
Older, R9 390.
363
Thanks.
364
It's probably not hot plug this.
365
Right, right, right.
366
Okay, and then we'll just kind of, kind of give it the old, eh, bleh, so that, sure.
367
That seems totally safe.
368
You've never dropped anything before.
369
Editor, I forbid you to roll that footage.
370
He's already done it by that point, come on.
371
No, no, you're wrong.
372
Could have been a she.
373
Whoever it was, dude.
374
I'll just hold this here for like two hours while you're...
375
I have no idea if this is going to work.
376
In theory, generations of PCIe are cross -compatible with each other.
377
This is cool.
378
We took our memory out of mirrored mode, so we now have actually 32 gigs of addressable RAM.
379
Now we can pop open device manager and see if our display adapter.
380
Yeah, I don't think it did
381
And do an unknown device that was already there though.
382
I'm pretty sure yeah, that's it.
383
I'll be a monkey's uncle
384
Yeah, the unknown device was an ACPI controller of some sort memory module That's hilarious.
385
Okay.
386
Well, I don't know what I was expecting I suspect that 25 watts is a big part to do with it.
387
Yeah, or even just
388
the age disparity you know age gaps can be okay
389
but they don't always work out you know what does always work out though it's telling you about our sponsor
390
oh hello mark hello greg i presume you've transitioned your workflow in accordance with company policy
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which was updated following my recommendation to management
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that we switch to the one subscription that is every app we need to run our business.
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Yep, I have, Craig.
394
Good.
395
Well, let me know if you need any tips.
396
Tip?
397
Excuse me?
398
Well, you know Odooz apps are easy to use, but it's also super customizable, and tons of stuff can be automated,
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whether it's invoices, inventory, or sales.
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There's a lot of depth here for power users
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You know how to quickly format content using power box
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Power Bob and how to create and save custom filters to save time.
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I Was going to of course you know how to use dark mode
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There's There's a dark mode.
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who are you talking to ah
408
if you guys enjoyed this video why not check out the time
409
that we worked with the folks at Disappearing Inc
410
and Reboot Rewind to get some incredible data storage units repaired and an old Canadian TV show restored to its former glory.
411
It was a pretty amazing adventure.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「I’ve never seen this before」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：drive, cpu, ram。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が411文、単語が4060語あります。 音声の長さは25:58です。 話す速さは1分あたり約156語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 単語の82%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| server 名詞 | /ˈsɝvɚ/ | サーバー |
| module 名詞 | /ˈmɑd͡ʒul/ | モジュール |
| raid 名詞 | /ɹeɪd/ | 襲撃, 急襲 |
| pin 名詞 | /pɪn/ | ピン, 鋲 |
| spin 動詞 | /spɪn/ | 回転する |
| watt 名詞 | /wɑt/ | ワット |
| redundant 形容詞 | /ɹɪˈdʌn.dənt/ | 冗長 |
| insane 形容詞 | /ɪnˈseɪn/ | 気が狂った, 狂しい |
| plug 名詞 | /plʌɡ/ | プラグ |
| disappear 動詞 | /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/ | 消える |
| gig 名詞 | /ɡɪɡ/ | ギグ, 仕事 |
| configuration 名詞 | /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/ | 構成, 配置 |
| swap 動詞 | /ˈswɑp/ | 取り替える, 交換する |
| whoa | /woʊ/ | どう, どうどう |
| dual 形容詞 | /ˈdul/ | 双数 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| go out 動詞 | 出る | |
| shut down 動詞 | シャットダウン | |
| watch out | 気を付けて！ | |
| check out 動詞 | 試験する, 検査する | |
| come out 動詞 | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | 出る |
| shut up | /ʃʌt ʌp/ | だまれ, うるさい |
| stick out 動詞 | 突き出る |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- Let's take a closer look at this carrier board.
- Did you fix it?
- Do we have any idea?
- If it's not broke, why would you replace it?
- Then why would you replace it?
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 条件文 if + 節, will/would + 動詞 — 条件とその結果 | If it's not broke, why would you |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | i've ever been · have moved · we've seen |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | was turned · was built · are paired |
注意したい発音
話し手はyou're, they're, I'mなど、短縮形や弱形を77回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: thread /ˈθɹɛd/, ninth /naɪnθ/, motherboard /ˈmʌðɚˌbɔɹd/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: speculation /ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/, subscription /səbˈskɹɪpʃən/, calculation /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn̩/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: speculation /ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/, ridiculous /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/, architecture /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: controller /kənˈtɹoʊlɚ/, ridiculous /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/, replacement /ɹɪˈpleɪsmənt/, regulation /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/, glory /ˈɡlɔːɹi/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: server /ˈsɝvɚ/, adventure /ədˈvɛn.t͡ʃə/, whoever /huˈɛvɚ/, inventory /ˈɪn.vən.tɹi/, availability /əˌveɪ.ləˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/, interface /ˈɪn(t)ɚˌfeɪs/, format /ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/, footage /ˈfʊtɪd͡ʒ/, filter /ˈfɪltɚ/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。server, module, raidなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。