シャドーイング練習: Let's Learn English! Topic: Damage and Wear! 😎🚙🚪 (Lesson Only) - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Well, hello and welcome to this English lesson about damage and wear.
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The world around us, the world around us is filled with things and those things wear out.
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Those things get damaged.
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Eventually, those things aren't new anymore.
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If you're wondering what the inspiration for this lesson is or was,
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it's the fact that my old blue van with almost 300 ,000 kilometers on it has now gone to the wrecking yard.
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It is being turned into scrap metal.
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First, they'll take out any of the parts that might still be good but it is no longer here.
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We have replaced it with a small white car and that van is no longer around.
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So, if you want to go back, you can watch an English lesson where you will see that van because I talked about car parts but it was,
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it wasn't damaged but it definitely had a lot of wear.
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And so, and so I thought to myself, I should do an English lesson about damage and wear.
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So, you buy things that are brand new, eventually they get damaged, eventually they have wear, and eventually you need to replace them.
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So, welcome to this English lesson about damage and wear.
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Chipped.
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Having a small piece broken off an edge or surface, and I do have my example sentence here, this mug is chipped, but I still use it.
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This is actually true of how Jen and I live.
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We have several mugs that are chipped, but some of those mugs are still our favorite mugs, so we keep them.
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You just drink from the side where there is no chip.
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So again, this mug is chipped, and I would refer to that as a chip.
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This mug has a chip in it, and this can happen when you drop a mug
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but more likely this is something that happens
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because it happens at work a lot
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because we put the mugs in the dishwasher
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and I think the heat of the dishwasher can cause the mugs to chip a little easier
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so chipped having a small piece broken off an edge or surface.
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Stretched.
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This happens to most of my t -shirts over time because I keep them for so long.
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Stretched.
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Made longer, wider, or looser by pulling or repeated use.
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And the example sentence, the bottom of the t -shirt was stretched after wearing it for a year.
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I find a lot of my t -shirts, especially if I tuck them into my pants,
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the bottom of the t -shirt will eventually get stretched i think
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if you wear a t -shirt untucked it's less likely to get stretched
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but in the winter in canada it's common to dress in layers
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and when i wear a t -shirt as my base layer i often will tuck
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that t -shirt into my pants and somehow i think
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because it's caught in the pants that must stretch it a little bit
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so stretched made longer wider or looser by pulling or repeated use.
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I'm sure you all have an article of clothing that is stretched.
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Crushed.
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Sorry, here's the normal pronunciation.
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Crushed.
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Pressed or squeezed out of its original shape.
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And then this is something I have seen happen many times in my life.
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The man crushed the can to show how strong he was.
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So you'll often see this on a TV show.
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Someone will drink, finish drinking a can of something and they'll crush it on their head.
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I won't say what beverage, but usually not soda.
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Or they'll crush the can in their hands.
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So notice a lot of these can also be used as verbs.
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Crushed.
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Pressed or squeezed out of its original shape.
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And there is something fun about crushing a can, isn't there?
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Like you finish drinking your soda or your pop
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and you can crush the can like this
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or you can crush the can like
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that don't crush it on your head only crazy people in tv shows
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and movies do that crushed pressed or squeezed out of its original shape smashed
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and shattered slight difference here but they're pretty much the same smashed is badly broken
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or damaged by a strong impact someone threw rocks and smashed the windows.
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So you'll notice these windows are smashed.
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It means that they were nice and new and someone threw rocks and now they have cracks in them.
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They are smashed.
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When we talk about shattered, we often talk about something being in pieces after an impact or a fall.
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So shattered, broken suddenly into many small pieces.
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I dropped the plate on the floor and it shattered.
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Now, I should say this.
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Someone might say to me, someone threw rocks at the school and all the windows are shattered.
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It might mean this.
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It might mean that there's glass on the ground.
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Smashed and shattered can sometimes be used interchangeably.
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If I drop a plate though, it might shatter.
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But if I throw a plate on the ground, I might say I smashed the plate.
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So, just be a little careful here.
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I think they're interchangeable but the more I think about it, there might be a slight difference. So, smashed.
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Badly broken or damaged by a strong impact.
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Shattered.
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Broken suddenly into many small pieces.
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Torn.
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Pulled apart or damaged by a tear.
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My jeans caught on something and now they are torn.
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This happens a lot when you work on a farm.
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Quite often I have shirts and pants that are torn because I've caught them on something.
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Maybe I'm climbing over a fence and my shirt or pants gets caught on a wire and then it is torn.
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So instead of the fabric being really really nice uh the fabric has a bit of a hole in it
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because maybe a nail or a piece of wire or even like
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if there's a splinter of wood sticking out somewhere
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if you walk past your shirt might get torn you might end up with a tear in your shirt
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so torn pulled apart or damaged by a tear.
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Frayed.
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Having threads or fibers coming loose along an end or edge.
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So often this refers to something like this rope.
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The end of this old rope is frayed.
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It can refer to like the edge of a carpet.
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If the threads are starting to come loose, you could say the carpet is frayed along the edge.
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The like the sleeves of my shirt could be frayed or the bottom of my shirt.
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So, it's like the end or edge of something where the threads or fibers are starting to come loose. So, frayed.
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Having threads or fibers coming loose along an edge or end or edge.
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Then corroded.
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Let me make this one a little bigger.
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Gradually damaged by a chemical reaction, especially on metal.
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And then the battery terminal is badly corroded.
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This can happen with batteries in an actual device as well.
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Sometimes you open up the back and there might be some like weird green powder.
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We say that that is corrosion.
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We say that the batteries are corroded.
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So corroded, gradually damaged by a chemical reaction, especially on metal.
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Peeling.
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So we have peeling and flaking they're kind of the same thing.
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Peeling is having an outer layer that is starting to curl up or come off.
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Sometimes on a car if you get a dent or
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if you get in an accident if you don't fix it it might start to peel.
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The car might be peeling.
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The paint is peeling off the car.
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The paint on this on the old door is peeling.
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So you can see a really good photo of what peeling looks like.
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A long time ago this door looked amazing it might actually be a window i did search for door
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but that looks like a window either way the paint on the old door
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or window is peeling a long time ago this was perfect it was a perfect light blue door
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and everyone probably thought it was beautiful
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but eventually with age it started to have a bit of peeling and if you're wondering flaking is the same,
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but pieces are actively falling off.
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So flaking coming off in small pieces, small, thin pieces, the paint on the door is flaking off.
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So you can see here, if you looked on the ground, there would be little flakes of paint on the ground.
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So this door is definitely flaking.
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Warped.
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If you ever build things out of wood, you try to buy wood that is straight.
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When wood is bent or twisted out of the original shape, it's usually because of heat or moisture.
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This piece of wood should be straight.
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If I was building a house, I wouldn't use this piece of wood.
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Example sentence, this piece of wood got wet and now it is warped.
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So, a piece of wood is normally straight but sometimes it can because of moisture or heat.
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or it might even dry out.
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The wood might dry on one side more than the other, and you might end up with a piece of wood that is warped.
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When I was a construction worker during the summers, between my years at university, so I would do nine months of university and then three and a half months,
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so eight and a half, three and a half, I would work construction.
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If we had a piece of wood like this, we would actually cut it into smaller pieces to use in other places.
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Because you wouldn't want to use a warped piece of wood while building a house.
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Ripped.
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So I specifically chose this picture because ripped has two meanings.
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Actually, probably more than two.
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Ripped.
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Torn suddenly or forcefully.
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I caught my shirt on a nail and it is now ripped.
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So you can see this guy here.
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He's, I'm pretty sure he bought the shirt this way.
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But for, as an example, he is a construction worker
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and he has walked past a lot of nails sticking out of pieces of wood and now his shirt is ripped.
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I also choose, chose this picture because this guy is ripped.
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When you say someone is ripped, it means they have visible muscles from weightlifting.
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So not only is his shirt ripped, using it with a different meaning, this guy is ripped.
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when I was younger I probably could have looked like
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that I don't think at my age I can look
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that ripped or jacked anymore
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but this guy definitely construction worker you can tell by the rips in his shirt
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and he is also ripped
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so let me repeat ripped in its most common usage means to be torn suddenly or force forcefully.
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And we have the sentence, I caught my shirt on a nail and it is now ripped.
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Worn.
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Showing, showing, showing damage or changes caused by regular use over time.
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The carpet is worn under the rolling chair.
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If you work in an office building and
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if there are chairs with wheels and
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if you don't have a protective mat the wheels will eventually
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wear on the carpet the carpet will wear out the carpet will be worn
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so there are a couple of places where i work where the carpet is worn i don't have
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that under my chair yet i should probably be probably be buying a plastic protective mat.
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But worn, showing damage or changes caused by regular use over time.
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Worn out, used so much that something is no longer in good condition.
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So these work boots, if you look at them, there's kind of a tear and then the front, it looks like they're coming apart.
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Like the the sole of the boot is starting to separate, kind of like how my van,
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the passenger area was separating from the frame and axle.
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These boots are completely worn out.
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So if I, oh, that's really big.
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If I owned work boots like this, I would probably buy new work boots because these work boots are completely worn out.
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And then I don't have a slide for this, but I talked about worn in.
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When you buy a new pair of work boots or shoes, they need to be worn in.
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That means you need to wear them for 10 or 20 times.
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And as you wear them, the, uh, the shoe will kind of form to your foot a bit and it'll start to feel more comfortable.
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So you need to wear them in so that they're worn in so that they're comfortable and you enjoy wearing them.
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Faded, having lost some of its original color or brightness.
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And so this happens to my shirts.
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So I wrote this sentence, this shirt used to be black.
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Now it is gray because it faded.
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If you leave an article of clothing hanging on a chair by a sunny window, the, it will actually fade.
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Like if you took a black t -shirt and you hung it in the sun and left it there for a year.
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This like if it was over the chair like this, the side facing the sun would actually be faded
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and the side not facing it would be probably close to the normal color still.
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So when something's faded, it doesn't have the same amount of color as before.
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Having lost some of original color or brightness.
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So once again this shirt used to be black.
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Now it is gray because it faded.
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stained.
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I'm not sure if any of you have had this happen, having a mark or change in color that is difficult to remove.
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I spilled coffee on my shirt and now it is stained.
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This has happened to me once at work
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and I actually went to the local dollar store
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and bought a cheap t -shirt to wear for the rest of the day
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because I was wearing a lighter colored shirt
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and I spilled coffee on it back in the time back
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when I used to drink coffee and you can't get a coffee stain out very easily at work.
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Like you can, you can try, like you can go to the washroom and put some hand soap on it and try to get the stain out.
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But generally a white shirt with coffee on it is stained.
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The other stain that is very common is a grass stain.
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So if you play outside, you will probably like if you roll around in the grass
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and just do all kinds of fun stuff like
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if i played with my kids outside my pants would be
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stained afterwards i would have grass stains where the knees would be green from the grass rusty
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or rusted covered with or damaged by rust the back fender and handlebars on the bike are rusty.
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You could also say the back fender and handlebars on the bike are rusted.
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So if you look here, the fender is the metal or plastic piece covering the wheel.
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And here it's obviously metal because you can see that it is rusted.
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It was probably nice and white when the bike was new.
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And now it has brown rust on it.
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It is rusty.
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It is rusted.
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If you look at the handlebars up here, the handlebars are what you hold.
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They were probably silver or chrome.
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Chrome is like shiny, like reflective, like a mirror.
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And now they're definitely rusty or rusted.
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Again, you can use either word interchangeably when you are talking about something that is rusted or rusty.
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Scratched.
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Having thin marks on the surface caused by something sharp or rough.
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My car, my car door is scratched.
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We have another term for this in English.
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So if you, if you drive by something and hit it with your car, it will get scratched.
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But if someone does this, I don't have my keys.
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If someone's angry with you and they walk along your car with their keys, you would say your car is keyed.
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So someone was angry and they keyed your car.
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Sometimes when people are in a romantic relationship and they break up, one person might be angry at the other person.
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And in a fit of anger, they might scratch the person's car with their keys.
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They might key their car because they are angry.
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Hope that's, I think that's what actually happened to this one.
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An angry person scratched this car.
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But anyway, scratched having thin marks on the surface caused by something sharp or rough my car door is scratched
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scuffed have sorry i don't know what i'm over pronouncing some
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of these scuffed it's not scuffed scuffed having surface marks caused
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by rubbing against something my shoe new shoe is already scuffed
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so if you look at the very end
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or tip of the shoe i can't point over there my
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finger goes behind the picture i should find a auto find a way maybe i got a green screen this
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but anyways you can see on the very tip the shoe
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is scuffed obviously the person the shoe somehow rubbed against the curb
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while they were in the parking lot or something
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and the surface of the shoe has gotten a little bit of wear on it it is scuffed
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so scuffed having surface marks caused by rubbing against something.
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Dented.
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Having an area pushed inward after being hit.
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Someone hit my car and now the door is dented.
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I did just buy a used car and there is a small dent on the door.
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I was a little disappointed to see that
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but I think it might be fixable but in the end I probably won't fix it because it's a used car. So dented.
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Having an area pushed inward after being hit.
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Someone hit my car and now the door is dented.
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Cracked.
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I have seen this many times at school.
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Students are not allowed to use their phones in class
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but they are allowed to use them at lunch
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and as I walk around I will notice a few of them have cracked screens.
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Cracked.
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Having a line where something has started to break.
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This definitely has started to break.
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It's gone far past just having a single crack.
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I dropped my phone and now the screen is cracked.
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So not a nice thing to have happened, but I think from the picture, you get a definite, um,
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a definite example of what cracked looks like.
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Having a line or many lines where something has started to break.
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I dropped my phone and now the screen is cracked.
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Bent.
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Curved or changed from the original shape.
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I stepped on my glasses and now they are bent.
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So my glasses are not bent.
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These are actually brand new.
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My other glasses, when someone was asking about when I replaced things, um, my other glasses, oddly enough,
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were too strong to use on a computer screen.
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I don't know why they are the, I guess it's distance, right?
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Like my old glasses were great for reading.
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Um, but I found that they were too strong for using a computer.
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I don't know if it's because I've been eating better and working out whether my eyesight is improving.
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I don't think that's possible.
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But I got a weaker prescription of reading glasses.
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So anyways, mine aren't bent.
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But you can see the one arm on this pair of glasses is bent.
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It's not how it normally should be.
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It's bent.
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And bent can mean this too.
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Like something can be bent this way it can be bent like
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that it is just not it's curved or changed from the original shape
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dull no longer as sharp or as shiny as it should be
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so i chose the sharp example the knife is dull
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so i need to sharpen it you can see here
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that on the one picture the tomato is being sliced cleanly because the knife is sharp.
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But in the second picture, the knife has trouble breaking the skin of the tomato because the knife is dull.
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So, no longer as sharp as it should be.
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We also use this to describe things like we talked about chrome earlier.
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Chrome is when they treat metal so that it's shiny and eventually it can become dull.
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It usually looks like a mirror but eventually it fades a bit
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and it's dull and it's not as shiny as it used to be.
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So dull, no longer as sharp or as shiny as it should be or as it was.
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Blunt, having an edge or point that is not sharp.
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A butter knife isn't sharp.
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It is purposefully blunt.
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So I'm not sure if this is for safety.
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There's no point on a butter knife and if you ever try to cut something with a butter knife, it doesn't really work because it's blunt.
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A butter knife is made for eating cooked food and for putting things onto stuff.
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So it is blunt.
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It is the opposite of sharp.
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Loose, not firmly attached or fastened.
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The handle on this door is loose.
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We would also say it's falling off.
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That would be another description I would use.
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Um the handle on this door is loose
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if you wiggle it it it's it's like it probably isn't even it's probably not even working properly this one
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so loose not firmly attached or fastened and you can see here the handle on this door is loose
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We'll see you next time.
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このレッスンで学ぶこと
日常生活でよく使う「損傷」や「摩耗」に関する英語表現を学び、シャドーイングを通して自然な発音とスピードを習得できます。マグカップの傷やTシャツの伸び、缶の押しつぶしなど、身近な例を使って実用的な語彙を覚えることができます。
重要な語彙とフレーズ
- Chipped：縁や表面から小さな部分が欠ける。例：「This mug is chipped.」（このマグカップは欠けている）
- Stretched：引っ張ったり繰り返し使ったりして伸びる。例：「The T-shirt was stretched.」（Tシャツが伸びている）
- Crushed：押しつぶされて形が変わる。例：「He crushed the can.」（彼は缶を押しつぶした）
- Wear：長期の使用でもたらされる摩耗。例：「The van had a lot of wear.」（バンはかなり摩耗していた）
- Damage：事故や外力でもたらされる損傷。例：「The car was damaged.」（車は損傷していた）
シャドーイングの練習コツ
英語シャドーイング（shadow speak）をする際は、ビデオのスピードに合わせてすぐ後に発音しましょう。このビデオは口語的でゆっくりとしたトーンなので、初心者にも適しています。「chipped」「stretched」などの語尾の発音に注意し、唇や舌の動きを真似ることで、英語の発音を良くすることができます。また、例文を繰り返し練習して、自然なリズムを身につけましょう。シャドーイングサイト（shadowing site）で同じテーマの練習をすることで、さらに実力が上がります。
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 条件文 if + 節, will/would + 動詞 — 条件とその結果 | if you play outside, you will probably |
| 「used to」 used to + 動詞 — 今はもう違う過去の習慣や状態 | used to be · used to drink |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | has now gone · have replaced · have seen |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is filled · being turned · wasn't damaged |
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。