シャドーイング練習: Learn English Tenses: The Present Perfect - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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85 文
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Hi, Bob the Canadian here.
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Welcome to this English lesson where I'm going to help you learn the present perfect tense.
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Hey, have you started yet?
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Yes, I've started.
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Sorry.
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No problem.
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The present perfect tense is used
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when you wanna talk about an action where the time isn't important
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or the time isn't specified or the action hasn't really finished happening.
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We use it in sentences like this.
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I have worked hard today.
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I have learned a lot of new English vocabulary.
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So stick around, in this lesson, I'll show you how to form the present perfect tense, I'll show you how to conjugate it, and we'll talk about when to use the present perfect tense.
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We'll also look at how to form the negative, and of course, how to form questions using this tense.
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Let's start by talking about how to conjugate the present perfect tense.
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You do this by taking your subjects, I, you, he, she, we, and they, and you conjugate the verb to have as your helper verb.
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So I have, you have, he, she has, we have, and they have.
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Then you take your verb and you put it into the past participle.
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I'm going to use the verb to call because it's regular, but you will need to learn a lot of irregular verbs as well.
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You would then have this, I have called, you have called, he has called, she has called, we have called, or they have called.
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That's how you conjugate the present perfect tense.
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As you know, in English, we're always in a hurry to say things as quickly as possible, so we usually use contractions.
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So we don't often say, I have called.
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Instead, we would say things like this.
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I've called, you've called, he's called, she's called, we've called, and they've called.
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I don't know why, but we're always in a hurry
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and we like to mush our words together so that we can say them quickly.
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We often use contractions.
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Let's talk about when you should use the present perfect tense.
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There are about five situations when you should use this verb tense.
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The first is when the time of the action is not over.
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So if I say something like this, I have worked hard today.
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I'm still working hard now.
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I was working hard and I will most likely keep working hard.
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So the time of the action is not over.
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I have worked hard today.
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I think I've worked hard today.
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yeah, I've worked pretty hard today.
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The second situation where you would use the present perfect tense is
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when you're using the words for and since to talk about something that started in the past.
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I could say something like this, I have lived here for 20 years, or I have worked for my brother since I was 20 years old.
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So when you use the words for and since, they kind of indicate to you that you should be using the present perfect tense.
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The third situation where you would use the present perfect is to talk about an action
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that has been repeated between the past and now.
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If I said I have visited her six times,
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it's an action that started in the past and it's happened five more times since the very first time I did it.
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I have visited her six times, an action that started in the past and was repeated many times.
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The fourth situation where you would use the present perfect is when the time of the action is not important.
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I could ask a question like this, have you studied ancient history?
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And you could respond by saying, yes, I've studied ancient history.
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So the time at which you studied ancient history is not important here.
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All that's important is that I want to know if you have studied ancient history.
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It's a little bit of a tricky one to learn as an English learner, but it's definitely a very common usage of the present perfect.
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To talk about something where the time that that thing happened is not important in the conversation.
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The fifth situation where you would use the present perfect is to talk about an action that was recently completed.
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And you would use the word just in the sentence.
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You could say this, I have just finished the book.
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That means that you were reading the book a few moments ago
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and you read the last page just in the last hour or in the last few minutes.
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So you do need the word just and you would use sentences like, I have just finished the book.
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Let's talk a little bit about how to form the negative using the present perfect.
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In order to do this, you simply add the word not between the conjugation of have and the past participle.
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So I could say this, I have not studied for my test.
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I have not visited my sister.
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You can see I simply added the word not between the verb have and the past participle.
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Now we have a sentence in the negative.
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Hey, I was just editing the video and I realized I forgot to mention we use contractions in the negative as well.
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We say things like I haven't called, you haven't called, he hasn't called, she hasn't called, we haven't called and they haven't called.
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So there you go.
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I'll just pop in here for a sec and add this little clip.
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Enjoy the rest of the lesson.
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We should also look at how to form a question using the present perfect.
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We do this by inverting the sentence.
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We flip the subject and the verb to have.
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So you would say things like this, have you cleaned your room?
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And you could respond by saying, yes, I have cleaned my room.
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Have you called your mom?
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And you would respond by saying, yes, I have called my mom.
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So to form a question using the present perfect, You simply flip the subject of the sentence with the verb to have and put a question mark at the end.
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Hey, thank you so much for watching this little lesson on the present perfect.
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I hope it helped you a little bit to understand more how to use this English verb tense.
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I'm Bob the Canadian.
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If you're new here, don't forget to click
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that red subscribe button over there and give me a thumbs up if you enjoyed watching this English lesson.
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And if you have a bit more time, why don't you stick around and watch another English lesson.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Learn English Tenses: The Present Perfect」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：present, perfect, tense, verb, action。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が85文、単語が1104語あります。 音声の長さは5:59です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約185語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 単語の87%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれるため、語彙は分かりやすいです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| tense 名詞 | /tɛns/ | 時制 |
| verb 名詞 | /vɝb/ | 動詞 |
| contraction 名詞 | /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/ | 収縮 |
| participle 名詞 | /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/ | 分詞 |
| hurry 動詞 | /ˈhʌ.ɹi/ | 急ぐ |
| conjugation 名詞 | /ˌkɑnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/ | 結合, 接合 |
| helper 名詞 | /ˈhɛlpɚ/ | 助手, 手伝い |
| invert 動詞 | /ɪnˈvɜɹt/ | 反転 |
| learner 名詞 | /ˈlɜɹnəɹ/ | 学習者 |
| irregular 形容詞 | /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/ | 不規則な, 変則的な |
| vocabulary 名詞 | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | 語彙, 語彙力 |
| tricky 形容詞 | /ˈtɹɪk.i/ | 狡猾な |
| thumb 名詞 | /ˈθʌm/ | 親指 |
| subscribe 動詞 | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | 購読する |
| usage 名詞 | /ˈjuːsɪd͡ʒ/ | 使い方 |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- Hey, have you started yet?
- That's how you conjugate the present perfect tense.
- I'm still working hard now.
- I think I've worked hard today.
- Have you called your mom?
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | I've started · hasn't really finished · have worked |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | isn't specified · has been repeated · was repeated |
| 「should」による助言 should + 動詞 — したほうがよいことを伝える | should use · should be · should also look |
| 過去進行形 was/were + -ing — 過去のある時点で進行中だった動作 | was working · were reading · was just editing |
注意したい発音
話し手はI've, don't, haven'tなど、短縮形や弱形を35回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: contraction /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/, conjugation /ˌkɑnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: participle /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/, conjugation /ˌkɑnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/, irregular /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: participle /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/, learner /ˈlɜɹnəɹ/, irregular /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: verb /vɝb/, invert /ɪnˈvɜɹt/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: flip /flɪp/, specify /ˈspɛs.əˌfaɪ/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。tense, verb, contractionなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。