跟读练习: Learn English Tenses: The Present Perfect - 通过视频学习英语口语
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85 句
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Hi, Bob the Canadian here.
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Welcome to this English lesson where I'm going to help you learn the present perfect tense.
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Hey, have you started yet?
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Yes, I've started.
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Sorry.
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No problem.
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The present perfect tense is used
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when you wanna talk about an action where the time isn't important
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or the time isn't specified or the action hasn't really finished happening.
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We use it in sentences like this.
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I have worked hard today.
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I have learned a lot of new English vocabulary.
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So stick around, in this lesson, I'll show you how to form the present perfect tense, I'll show you how to conjugate it, and we'll talk about when to use the present perfect tense.
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We'll also look at how to form the negative, and of course, how to form questions using this tense.
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Let's start by talking about how to conjugate the present perfect tense.
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You do this by taking your subjects, I, you, he, she, we, and they, and you conjugate the verb to have as your helper verb.
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So I have, you have, he, she has, we have, and they have.
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Then you take your verb and you put it into the past participle.
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I'm going to use the verb to call because it's regular, but you will need to learn a lot of irregular verbs as well.
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You would then have this, I have called, you have called, he has called, she has called, we have called, or they have called.
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That's how you conjugate the present perfect tense.
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As you know, in English, we're always in a hurry to say things as quickly as possible, so we usually use contractions.
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So we don't often say, I have called.
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Instead, we would say things like this.
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I've called, you've called, he's called, she's called, we've called, and they've called.
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I don't know why, but we're always in a hurry
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and we like to mush our words together so that we can say them quickly.
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We often use contractions.
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Let's talk about when you should use the present perfect tense.
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There are about five situations when you should use this verb tense.
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The first is when the time of the action is not over.
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So if I say something like this, I have worked hard today.
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I'm still working hard now.
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I was working hard and I will most likely keep working hard.
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So the time of the action is not over.
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I have worked hard today.
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I think I've worked hard today.
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yeah, I've worked pretty hard today.
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The second situation where you would use the present perfect tense is
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when you're using the words for and since to talk about something that started in the past.
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I could say something like this, I have lived here for 20 years, or I have worked for my brother since I was 20 years old.
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So when you use the words for and since, they kind of indicate to you that you should be using the present perfect tense.
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The third situation where you would use the present perfect is to talk about an action
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that has been repeated between the past and now.
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If I said I have visited her six times,
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it's an action that started in the past and it's happened five more times since the very first time I did it.
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I have visited her six times, an action that started in the past and was repeated many times.
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The fourth situation where you would use the present perfect is when the time of the action is not important.
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I could ask a question like this, have you studied ancient history?
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And you could respond by saying, yes, I've studied ancient history.
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So the time at which you studied ancient history is not important here.
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All that's important is that I want to know if you have studied ancient history.
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It's a little bit of a tricky one to learn as an English learner, but it's definitely a very common usage of the present perfect.
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To talk about something where the time that that thing happened is not important in the conversation.
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The fifth situation where you would use the present perfect is to talk about an action that was recently completed.
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And you would use the word just in the sentence.
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You could say this, I have just finished the book.
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That means that you were reading the book a few moments ago
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and you read the last page just in the last hour or in the last few minutes.
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So you do need the word just and you would use sentences like, I have just finished the book.
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Let's talk a little bit about how to form the negative using the present perfect.
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In order to do this, you simply add the word not between the conjugation of have and the past participle.
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So I could say this, I have not studied for my test.
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I have not visited my sister.
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You can see I simply added the word not between the verb have and the past participle.
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Now we have a sentence in the negative.
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Hey, I was just editing the video and I realized I forgot to mention we use contractions in the negative as well.
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We say things like I haven't called, you haven't called, he hasn't called, she hasn't called, we haven't called and they haven't called.
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So there you go.
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I'll just pop in here for a sec and add this little clip.
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Enjoy the rest of the lesson.
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We should also look at how to form a question using the present perfect.
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We do this by inverting the sentence.
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We flip the subject and the verb to have.
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So you would say things like this, have you cleaned your room?
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And you could respond by saying, yes, I have cleaned my room.
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Have you called your mom?
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And you would respond by saying, yes, I have called my mom.
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So to form a question using the present perfect, You simply flip the subject of the sentence with the verb to have and put a question mark at the end.
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Hey, thank you so much for watching this little lesson on the present perfect.
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I hope it helped you a little bit to understand more how to use this English verb tense.
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I'm Bob the Canadian.
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If you're new here, don't forget to click
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that red subscribe button over there and give me a thumbs up if you enjoyed watching this English lesson.
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And if you have a bit more time, why don't you stick around and watch another English lesson.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B1 级别的口语课以视频“Learn English Tenses: The Present Perfect”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：present, perfect, tense, verb, action。 这段视频共有 85 个句子、1104 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:59。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 185 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 87% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇容易理解。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| tense 名词 | /tɛns/ | 時態 /时态, 時制 /时制 |
| verb 名词 | /vɝb/ | 動詞 /动词 |
| conjugate 动词 | /ˈkɒn.d͡ʒə.ɡeɪt/ | 變位 /变位 |
| contraction 名词 | /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/ | 收縮 /收缩 |
| participle 名词 | /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/ | 分詞 /分词 |
| hurry 动词 | /ˈhʌ.ɹi/ | 趕工 /赶工, 忙 |
| helper 名词 | /ˈhɛlpɚ/ | 幫手 /帮手, 助手 |
| invert 动词 | /ɪnˈvɜɹt/ | 反转, 倒转 |
| learner 名词 | /ˈlɜɹnəɹ/ | 學習者 /学习者 |
| irregular 形容词 | /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/ | 無常 /无常 |
| vocabulary 名词 | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | 詞匯 /词汇, 語匯 /语汇 |
| tricky 形容词 | /ˈtɹɪk.i/ | 麻烦 |
| thumb 名词 | /ˈθʌm/ | 大拇指, 拇指 |
| subscribe 动词 | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | 簽署 /签署 |
| usage 名词 | /ˈjuːsɪd͡ʒ/ | 用法 |
值得反复跟读的句子
视频中简短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常对话里：
- Hey, have you started yet?
- That's how you conjugate the present perfect tense.
- I'm still working hard now.
- I think I've worked hard today.
- Have you called your mom?
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | I've started · hasn't really finished · have worked |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | isn't specified · has been repeated · was repeated |
| 用 “should” 提建议 should + 动词 — 表示应该做的事 | should use · should be · should also look |
| 过去进行时 was/were + -ing — 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 | was working · were reading · was just editing |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 35 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 I've, don't, haven't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: contraction /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/, conjugation /ˌkɑnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: participle /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/, conjugation /ˌkɑnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/, irregular /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: verb /vɝb/, invert /ɪnˈvɜɹt/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: tense /tɛns/, verb /vɝb/, conjugate /ˈkɒn.d͡ʒə.ɡeɪt/, flip /flɪp/, invert /ɪnˈvɜɹt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: participle /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/, learner /ˈlɜɹnəɹ/, irregular /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 tense, verb, conjugate 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。