シャドーイング練習: The secrets of learning a new language | Lýdia Machová | TED - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Reza Zahra Reviewer
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Reza Zahra Reviewer
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I love learning foreign languages.
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In fact, I love it so much that I like to learn a new language every two years,
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currently working on my eighth one.
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When people find out about me,
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they always ask me, how do you do that?
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What's your secret?
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And to be honest, for many years,
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my answer would be, I don't know,
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I simply love learning languages.
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But people were never happy with that answer.
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They wanted to know why they are spending years trying to learn even one language,
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never achieving fluency, and here I come,
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learning one language after another.
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They wanted to know the secret of polyglots,
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people who speak a lot of languages.
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And that made me wonder,
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too, how do actually other polyglots do it?
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What do we have in common?
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And what is it that enables us to learn languages so much faster than other people?
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I decided to meet other people like me and find it out.
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The best place to meet a lot of polyglots is an
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event where hundreds of language lovers meet in one place to practice their languages.
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There are several of such polyglot events organized all around the world,
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and so I decided to go there and ask polyglots about the methods that they use.
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And so I met Benny from Ireland,
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who told me that his method is to start speaking from day one.
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He learns a few phrases from a travel phrasebook
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and goes to meet native speakers and starts having conversations with them, right away.
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He doesn't mind making even 200 mistakes a day,
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because that's how he learns, based on the feedback.
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And the best thing is,
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he doesn't even need to travel a lot today,
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because you can easily have conversations with native speakers from the comfort of your living room, using websites.
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I also met Lucas from Brazil,
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who had a really interesting method to learn Russian.
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He simply added 100 random Russian speakers on Skype as friends.
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And then ...
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Seriously.
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And then he opened a chat window with one of them and wrote hi in Russian.
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And the person replied, Hi, how are you?
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Lucas copied this and put it into a text window with another person.
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And the person replied, I'm fine,
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thank you, and how are you?
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Lukas copied this back to the first person,
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and in this way, he had two strangers have a conversation with each other without knowing about it.
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And soon he would start typing himself,
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because he had so many of these conversations that he figured out how the Russian conversation usually starts.
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What an ingenious method, right?
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And then I met polyglots who always start by imitating sounds of the language,
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and others who always learn the 500 most frequent words of the language,
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and yet others who always start by reading about the grammar.
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If I asked 100 different polyglots,
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I heard 100 different approaches to learning languages.
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Everybody seems to have a unique way how they learn a language,
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and yet we all come to the same result of speaking several languages fluently.
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And as I was listening to these polyglots telling me about their methods,
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it suddenly dawned on me,
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the one thing we all have in common is that we simply found ways how to enjoy the language learning process.
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All of these polyglots were talking about language learning as if it was great fun.
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You should have seen their faces when they were showing me their colorful grammar charts
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and their carefully handmade flashcards and their statistics about learning vocabulary using apps,
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or even how they love to cook based on recipes in a foreign language.
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All of them use different methods,
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but they always make sure it's something that they personally enjoy.
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I realized that this is actually how I learned languages myself.
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When I was learning Spanish,
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I was bored with the text in the textbook.
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I mean, who wants to read about Jose asking about the directions to the train station, right?
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I wanted to read Harry Potter instead,
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because that was my favorite book as a child,
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and I had read it many times.
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So I got the Spanish translation of Harry Potter and started reading.
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And sure enough, I didn't understand almost anything at the beginning.
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But I kept on reading because I loved the book.
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And by the end of the book,
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I was able to follow it almost without any problems.
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And the same thing happened when I was learning German.
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I decided to watch Friends,
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my favorite sitcom in German.
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And again, at the beginning,
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it was all just gibberish.
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I didn't know where one word finished and another one started.
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But I kept on watching every day because it's Friends,
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I can't teach it in any language,
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I love it so much.
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And after the second or third season,
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seriously, the dialogue started to make sense.
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I only realized this after meeting other polyglots.
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We are no geniuses, and we have no shortcut to learning languages.
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We simply found ways how to enjoy the process,
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how to turn language learning from a boring school subject into a pleasant activity which you don't mind doing every day.
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If you don't like writing words down on paper,
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you can always type them in an app.
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If you don't like listening to boring textbook material,
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find interesting content on YouTube or in podcasts for any language.
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If you're a more introverted person and you can't imagine speaking to native speakers right away,
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you can apply the method of self-talk.
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You can talk to yourself in the comfort of your room,
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describing your plans for the weekend,
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how your day has been,
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or even take a random picture from your phone and describe the picture to your imaginary friend.
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This is how polyglots learn languages.
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And the best news is,
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it's available to anyone who's willing to take the learning into their own hands.
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So meeting other polyglots helped me realize that it is really crucial to find enjoyment in the process of learning languages,
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but also that joy in itself is not enough.
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If you want to achieve fluency in a foreign language,
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you'll also need to apply three more principles.
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First of all, you'll need effective methods.
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If you try to memorize a list of words for a test tomorrow,
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the words will be stored in your short-term memory,
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and you'll forget them after a few days.
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If you, however, want to keep words long-term,
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you need to revise them in the course of a few days repeatedly,
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using the so-called spaced repetition.
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You can use apps which are based on this system,
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such as Anki or Memrise,
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or you can write lists of words in a notebook using the Goldlist method,
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which is also very popular with many polyglots.
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If you're not sure which methods are effective and what is available out there,
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just check out Polyglot's YouTube channels and websites and get inspiration from them.
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If it works for them,
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it will most probably work for you, too.
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The third principle to follow is to create a system in your learning.
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We're all very busy, and no one really has time to learn a language today.
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But we can create that time if we just plan a bit ahead.
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Can you wake up 15 minutes earlier than you normally do?
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That would be the perfect time to revise some vocabulary.
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Can you listen to a podcast on your way to work while driving?
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That would be great to get some listening experience.
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There are so many things we can do without even planning that extra time,
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such as listening to podcasts on our way to work or doing our household chores.
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The important thing is to create a plan in the learning.
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I will practice speaking every Tuesday and Thursday with a friend for 20 minutes.
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I will listen to a YouTube video while having breakfast.
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If you create a system in your learning,
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you don't need to find that extra time,
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because it will become a part of your everyday life.
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And finally, if you want to learn a language fluently,
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you need also a bit of patience.
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It's not possible to learn a language within two months,
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but it's definitely possible to make a visible improvement in two months
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if you learn in small chunks every day in a way which you enjoy.
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And there is nothing that motivates us more than our own success.
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I vividly remember the moment when I understood the first joke in German when watching Friends.
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I was so happy and motivated that I just kept on watching that day two more episodes.
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And as I kept watching,
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I had more and more of those moments of understanding, these little victories.
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And step by step, I got to a level where I could use the language freely and fluently to express anything.
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And this is a wonderful feeling.
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I can't get enough of that feeling,
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and that's why I learn a language every two years.
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So this is the whole polyglot secret.
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Find effective methods which you can use systematically over the period of some time in a way which you enjoy.
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And this is how polyglots learn languages within months, not years.
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Now, some of you may be thinking,
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that's all very nice to enjoy language learning,
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but isn't the real secret that you polyglots are just super talented and most of us aren't?
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Well, there's one thing I haven't told you about Benny and Lucas.
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Benny had 11 years of Irish,
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Gaelic and five years of German at school.
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couldn't speak them at all when graduating.
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Up to the age of 21,
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he thought he didn't have the language gene,
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and he could not speak another language.
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Then he started to look for his way of learning languages,
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which was speaking to native speakers and getting feedback from them.
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And today, Benny can easily have a conversation in 10 languages.
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Lukas tried to learn English at school for 10 years.
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He was one of the worst students in class.
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His friends even made fun of him and gave him a Russian textbook as a joke,
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because they thought he would never learn that language, or any language.
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And then Lukas started to experiment with methods,
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looking for his own way to learn,
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for example, by having Skype chat conversations with strangers.
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And after just 10 years,
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Lukas is able to speak 11 languages fluently.
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Does that sound like a miracle?
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Well, I see such miracles every single day.
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As a language mentor, I help people learn languages by themselves.
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And I see this every day.
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People struggled with language learning for five, ten, even 20 years.
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And then they suddenly take their learning into their own hands,
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start using materials which they enjoy,
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more effective methods, or they start tracking their learning so that they can appreciate their own progress.
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And that's when suddenly they magically find the language talent that they were missing all their lives.
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So if you've also tried to learn a language
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and you gave up thinking it's too difficult or you don't have the language talent,
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give it another try.
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Maybe you're also just one enjoyable method away from learning that language fluently.
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Maybe you're just one method away from becoming a polyglot.
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Thank you.
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このレッスンについて
このレッスンでは、世界を旅する言語学習のエキスパート、リディア・マコバ氏が、複数の言語を流暢に話す「ポリグロット」たちの秘密を解き明かします。彼女は、多くのポリグロットに共通するたった一つの要素、それは言語学習のプロセスを楽しむことだと結論付けています。様々なユニークな学習法が紹介され、いかに学習を「楽しい活動」に変えるかが語られます。また、楽しむことだけでなく、効果的な学習法（例：スペースリピテーション）の重要性も指摘されています。
この動画を通じて、学習者は以下の練習ができます。
- 語彙トピック： 言語学習の動機、具体的な学習方法（例：会話練習、多読、多聴）、趣味と学習の結びつけ、記憶法。
- 文法パターン： 過去の経験を語る際の時制の一致、仮定法（"as if it was..."）、結果を表す不定詞（"to find out"）、理由や目的を説明する接続詞。
- スピーキングの文脈： 個人的な経験談の共有、意見表明、問いかけと回答の練習、複雑な学習方法を簡潔に説明する能力。英語スピーキング練習の貴重な機会となるでしょう。
重要な語彙とフレーズ
- "work on my eighth one": 「8つ目の（言語）に取り組んでいる」現在進行形で何かを習得・達成しようとしている状況を表す際に使います。
- "never achieving fluency": 「流暢さに到達できない」。多くの英語学習者が抱える悩みを表現する際や、特定の目標達成に至らない状況を説明するのに役立ちます。
- "it suddenly dawned on me": 「突然、ハッと気づいた」。何か重要な発見や理解に至った瞬間に使う表現で、自身の気づきを劇的に語る際に効果的です。
- "as if it was great fun": 「まるでとても楽しいかのように」。何かの様子や感情を強調して表現する比喩的なフレーズです。
- "kept on reading/watching": 「読み続けた／見続けた」。困難な状況や初期の理解不足にもかかわらず、努力を継続した経験を話す際に使えます。英語の流暢さを得るための粘り強さを表現できます。
- "make sense": 「意味が通じる」「理解できる」。学習の成果として、以前は分からなかった内容が理解できるようになった状況を説明するのに適しています。
- "take the learning into their own hands": 「自ら学習を掌握する」。受動的ではなく、能動的に学習に取り組むことの重要性を強調する際に使われる表現です。
- "crucial to find enjoyment": 「楽しみを見つけることが極めて重要である」。言語学習におけるモチベーションの根源を明確に示し、学習を継続するための鍵となります。
この動画の練習のコツ
この動画は、シャドーイングによる発音練習に非常に適しています。リディア・マコバ氏の明確な発音と、個人的な物語を語るスタイルは、実践的な英語スピーキング練習に最適です。
- 話速： 彼女の話速は、自然な会話のスピードに近い部分と、要点を強調するためにゆっくりになる部分があります。最初はゆっくりとした説明部分から始め、慣れてきたら全体を通してシャドーイングに挑戦しましょう。特に、具体的な学習法（ベニーやルーカスの話）を説明する箇所は、情報伝達のスピードと明瞭さを意識して練習すると良いでしょう。
- アクセント： 明瞭な英語アクセントで、単語の一つ一つがはっきりと聞こえます。音のつながり（リエゾン）や強弱、文全体のリズムを意識しながら、彼女のイントネーションをそっくり真似ることで、より自然な発音練習ができます。感情を込めて話す箇所（例：「I love it so much」や「What an ingenious method, right?」）では、その感情表現を意識してシャドーイングしましょう。
- トピックの難易度： 言語学習というテーマは多くの学習者にとって身近であり、専門用語が少ないため、内容理解は比較的容易です。しかし、自身の経験や観察に基づいて抽象的な概念（楽しむことの重要性）を具体例で説明する構成は、IELTS対策としての論理的思考とスピーキングスキルの向上に繋がります。自分の学習経験を語る部分（ハリーポッター、フレンズ）を参考に、自分の好きなことを英語で語る練習を取り入れると、英語の流暢さ向上にも効果的です。
この動画のシャドーイングを通して、あなたの英語スピーキング練習と発音練習を効果的に進め、英語の流暢さを高めることができるでしょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。