Pratica di Shadowing: The secrets of learning a new language | Lýdia Machová | TED - Impara a parlare inglese con YouTube
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Reza Zahra Reviewer
193 frasi
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Reza Zahra Reviewer
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I love learning foreign languages.
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In fact, I love it so much that I like to learn a new language every two years,
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currently working on my eighth one.
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When people find out about me,
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they always ask me, how do you do that?
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What's your secret?
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And to be honest, for many years,
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my answer would be, I don't know,
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I simply love learning languages.
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But people were never happy with that answer.
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They wanted to know why they are spending years trying to learn even one language,
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never achieving fluency, and here I come,
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learning one language after another.
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They wanted to know the secret of polyglots,
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people who speak a lot of languages.
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And that made me wonder,
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too, how do actually other polyglots do it?
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What do we have in common?
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And what is it that enables us to learn languages so much faster than other people?
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I decided to meet other people like me and find it out.
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The best place to meet a lot of polyglots is an
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event where hundreds of language lovers meet in one place to practice their languages.
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There are several of such polyglot events organized all around the world,
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and so I decided to go there and ask polyglots about the methods that they use.
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And so I met Benny from Ireland,
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who told me that his method is to start speaking from day one.
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He learns a few phrases from a travel phrasebook
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and goes to meet native speakers and starts having conversations with them, right away.
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He doesn't mind making even 200 mistakes a day,
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because that's how he learns, based on the feedback.
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And the best thing is,
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he doesn't even need to travel a lot today,
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because you can easily have conversations with native speakers from the comfort of your living room, using websites.
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I also met Lucas from Brazil,
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who had a really interesting method to learn Russian.
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He simply added 100 random Russian speakers on Skype as friends.
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And then ...
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Seriously.
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And then he opened a chat window with one of them and wrote hi in Russian.
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And the person replied, Hi, how are you?
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Lucas copied this and put it into a text window with another person.
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And the person replied, I'm fine,
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thank you, and how are you?
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Lukas copied this back to the first person,
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and in this way, he had two strangers have a conversation with each other without knowing about it.
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And soon he would start typing himself,
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because he had so many of these conversations that he figured out how the Russian conversation usually starts.
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What an ingenious method, right?
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And then I met polyglots who always start by imitating sounds of the language,
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and others who always learn the 500 most frequent words of the language,
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and yet others who always start by reading about the grammar.
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If I asked 100 different polyglots,
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I heard 100 different approaches to learning languages.
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Everybody seems to have a unique way how they learn a language,
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and yet we all come to the same result of speaking several languages fluently.
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And as I was listening to these polyglots telling me about their methods,
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it suddenly dawned on me,
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the one thing we all have in common is that we simply found ways how to enjoy the language learning process.
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All of these polyglots were talking about language learning as if it was great fun.
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You should have seen their faces when they were showing me their colorful grammar charts
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and their carefully handmade flashcards and their statistics about learning vocabulary using apps,
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or even how they love to cook based on recipes in a foreign language.
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All of them use different methods,
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but they always make sure it's something that they personally enjoy.
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I realized that this is actually how I learned languages myself.
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When I was learning Spanish,
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I was bored with the text in the textbook.
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I mean, who wants to read about Jose asking about the directions to the train station, right?
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I wanted to read Harry Potter instead,
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because that was my favorite book as a child,
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and I had read it many times.
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So I got the Spanish translation of Harry Potter and started reading.
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And sure enough, I didn't understand almost anything at the beginning.
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But I kept on reading because I loved the book.
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And by the end of the book,
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I was able to follow it almost without any problems.
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And the same thing happened when I was learning German.
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I decided to watch Friends,
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my favorite sitcom in German.
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And again, at the beginning,
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it was all just gibberish.
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I didn't know where one word finished and another one started.
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But I kept on watching every day because it's Friends,
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I can't teach it in any language,
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I love it so much.
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And after the second or third season,
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seriously, the dialogue started to make sense.
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I only realized this after meeting other polyglots.
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We are no geniuses, and we have no shortcut to learning languages.
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We simply found ways how to enjoy the process,
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how to turn language learning from a boring school subject into a pleasant activity which you don't mind doing every day.
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If you don't like writing words down on paper,
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you can always type them in an app.
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If you don't like listening to boring textbook material,
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find interesting content on YouTube or in podcasts for any language.
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If you're a more introverted person and you can't imagine speaking to native speakers right away,
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you can apply the method of self-talk.
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You can talk to yourself in the comfort of your room,
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describing your plans for the weekend,
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how your day has been,
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or even take a random picture from your phone and describe the picture to your imaginary friend.
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This is how polyglots learn languages.
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And the best news is,
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it's available to anyone who's willing to take the learning into their own hands.
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So meeting other polyglots helped me realize that it is really crucial to find enjoyment in the process of learning languages,
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but also that joy in itself is not enough.
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If you want to achieve fluency in a foreign language,
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you'll also need to apply three more principles.
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First of all, you'll need effective methods.
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If you try to memorize a list of words for a test tomorrow,
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the words will be stored in your short-term memory,
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and you'll forget them after a few days.
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If you, however, want to keep words long-term,
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you need to revise them in the course of a few days repeatedly,
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using the so-called spaced repetition.
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You can use apps which are based on this system,
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such as Anki or Memrise,
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or you can write lists of words in a notebook using the Goldlist method,
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which is also very popular with many polyglots.
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If you're not sure which methods are effective and what is available out there,
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just check out Polyglot's YouTube channels and websites and get inspiration from them.
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If it works for them,
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it will most probably work for you, too.
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The third principle to follow is to create a system in your learning.
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We're all very busy, and no one really has time to learn a language today.
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But we can create that time if we just plan a bit ahead.
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Can you wake up 15 minutes earlier than you normally do?
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That would be the perfect time to revise some vocabulary.
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Can you listen to a podcast on your way to work while driving?
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That would be great to get some listening experience.
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There are so many things we can do without even planning that extra time,
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such as listening to podcasts on our way to work or doing our household chores.
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The important thing is to create a plan in the learning.
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I will practice speaking every Tuesday and Thursday with a friend for 20 minutes.
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I will listen to a YouTube video while having breakfast.
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If you create a system in your learning,
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you don't need to find that extra time,
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because it will become a part of your everyday life.
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And finally, if you want to learn a language fluently,
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you need also a bit of patience.
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It's not possible to learn a language within two months,
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but it's definitely possible to make a visible improvement in two months
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if you learn in small chunks every day in a way which you enjoy.
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And there is nothing that motivates us more than our own success.
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I vividly remember the moment when I understood the first joke in German when watching Friends.
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I was so happy and motivated that I just kept on watching that day two more episodes.
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And as I kept watching,
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I had more and more of those moments of understanding, these little victories.
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And step by step, I got to a level where I could use the language freely and fluently to express anything.
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And this is a wonderful feeling.
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I can't get enough of that feeling,
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and that's why I learn a language every two years.
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So this is the whole polyglot secret.
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Find effective methods which you can use systematically over the period of some time in a way which you enjoy.
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And this is how polyglots learn languages within months, not years.
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Now, some of you may be thinking,
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that's all very nice to enjoy language learning,
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but isn't the real secret that you polyglots are just super talented and most of us aren't?
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Well, there's one thing I haven't told you about Benny and Lucas.
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Benny had 11 years of Irish,
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Gaelic and five years of German at school.
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couldn't speak them at all when graduating.
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Up to the age of 21,
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he thought he didn't have the language gene,
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and he could not speak another language.
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Then he started to look for his way of learning languages,
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which was speaking to native speakers and getting feedback from them.
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And today, Benny can easily have a conversation in 10 languages.
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Lukas tried to learn English at school for 10 years.
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He was one of the worst students in class.
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His friends even made fun of him and gave him a Russian textbook as a joke,
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because they thought he would never learn that language, or any language.
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And then Lukas started to experiment with methods,
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looking for his own way to learn,
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for example, by having Skype chat conversations with strangers.
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And after just 10 years,
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Lukas is able to speak 11 languages fluently.
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Does that sound like a miracle?
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Well, I see such miracles every single day.
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As a language mentor, I help people learn languages by themselves.
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And I see this every day.
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People struggled with language learning for five, ten, even 20 years.
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And then they suddenly take their learning into their own hands,
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start using materials which they enjoy,
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more effective methods, or they start tracking their learning so that they can appreciate their own progress.
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And that's when suddenly they magically find the language talent that they were missing all their lives.
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So if you've also tried to learn a language
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and you gave up thinking it's too difficult or you don't have the language talent,
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give it another try.
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Maybe you're also just one enjoyable method away from learning that language fluently.
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Maybe you're just one method away from becoming a polyglot.
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Thank you.
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Informazioni su questa lezione
In questa lezione, esploreremo i segreti dell'apprendimento di una nuova lingua, come condiviso da Lýdia Machová nel suo intervento TED. Imparerai l'importanza di divertirsi durante il processo di apprendimento e scoprirai diverse tecniche utilizzate da poliglotti per acquisire la fluidità. Gli argomenti trattati includono tecniche di conversazione, come iniziare a parlare fin da subito, l'importanza della ripetizione e l'utilizzo di contenuti interessanti. Questo esercizio ti aiuterà a praticare vocaboli, schemi grammaticali e contesti di conversazione in inglese, utili per migliorare la tua pratica di conversazione in inglese.
Vocabolario e frasi chiave
- Fluency - Fluente: la capacità di parlare una lingua con scioltezza e naturalezza.
- Polyglots - Poliglotti: persone che parlano diverse lingue con un buon livello di competenza.
- This is how polyglots learn languages - Questo è come i poliglotti apprendono le lingue: un'affermazione che evidenzia l'idea che ci sono vari metodi efficaci per l'apprendimento linguistico.
- Effective methods - Metodi efficaci: tecniche comprovate che aiutano nell'apprendimento a lungo termine, come la ripetizione spaziata.
- Words in long term memory - Parole nella memoria a lungo termine: parole che ricordi dopo ripetuti sforzi di apprendimento.
- Self-talk - Dialogo interiore: una tecnica in cui parli a te stesso nella lingua che stai apprendendo, utile per praticare la pronuncia e costruire frasi.
Consigli pratici per questo video
Quando pratichi lo shadowing di questo video, presta attenzione alla velocità di parola di Lýdia. Il suo accento è chiaro e ben pronunciato, rendendo più facile seguire le sue affermazioni. Inizia praticando frasi brevi e cerca di replicare la sua intonazione e ritmo. Considera di rivedere il video più volte per familiarizzare con gli argomenti e la loro struttura. Poiché l'argomento è motivante e divertente, non farti scoraggiare se all'inizio trovi difficile seguire; la pratica di pronuncia costante porterà a un miglioramento significativo. Utilizza le frasi chiave per costruire le tue conversazioni e preparati ad affrontare domande simili a quelle che potresti trovare nell'IELTS speaking.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.
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