跟读练习: The secrets of learning a new language | Lýdia Machová | TED - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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I love learning foreign languages.
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89 句
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I love learning foreign languages.
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In fact, I love it so much that I like to learn a new language every two years, currently working on my eighth one.
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When people find that out about me, they always ask me, "How do you do that? What's your secret?" And to be honest, for many years, my answer would be, "I don't know. I simply love learning languages." But people were never happy with that answer.
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They wanted to know why they are spending years trying to learn even one language, never achieving fluency, and here I come, learning one language after another.
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They wanted to know the secret of polyglots, people who speak a lot of languages.
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And that made me wonder, too, how do actually other polyglots do it?
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What do we have in common?
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And what is it that enables us to learn languages so much faster than other people?
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I decided to meet other people like me and find that out.
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The best place to meet a lot of polyglots is an event where hundreds of language lovers meet in one place to practice their languages.
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There are several such polyglot events organized all around the world, and so I decided to go there and ask polyglots about the methods that they use.
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And so I met Benny from Ireland, who told me that his method is to start speaking from day one.
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He learns a few phrases from a travel phrasebook and goes to meet native speakers and starts having conversations with them right away.
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He doesn't mind making even 200 mistakes a day, because that's how he learns, based on the feedback.
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And the best thing is, he doesn't even need to travel a lot today, because you can easily have conversations with native speakers from the comfort of your living room, using websites.
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I also met Lucas from Brazil who had a really interesting method to learn Russian.
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He simply added a hundred random Russian speakers on Skype as friends, and then he opened a chat window with one of them and wrote "Hi" in Russian.
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And the person replied, "Hi, how are you?" Lucas copied this and put it into a text window with another person, and the person replied, "I'm fine, thank you, and how are you?" Lucas copied this back to the first person, and in this way, he had two strangers have a conversation with each other without knowing about it.
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(Laughter) And soon he would start typing himself, because he had so many of these conversations that he figured out how the Russian conversation usually starts.
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What an ingenious method, right?
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And then I met polyglots who always start by imitating sounds of the language, and others who always learn the 500 most frequent words of the language, and yet others who always start by reading about the grammar.
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If I asked a hundred different polyglots, I heard a hundred different approaches to learning languages.
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Everybody seems to have a unique way they learn a language, and yet we all come to the same result of speaking several languages fluently.
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And as I was listening to these polyglots telling me about their methods, it suddenly dawned on me: the one thing we all have in common is that we simply found ways to enjoy the language-learning process.
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All of these polyglots were talking about language learning as if it was great fun.
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You should have seen their faces when they were showing me their colorful grammar charts and their carefully handmade flash cards, and their statistics about learning vocabulary using apps, or even how they love to cook based on recipes in a foreign language.
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All of them use different methods, but they always make sure it's something that they personally enjoy.
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I realized that this is actually how I learn languages myself.
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When I was learning Spanish, I was bored with the text in the textbook.
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I mean, who wants to read about Jose asking about the directions to the train station. Right?
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I wanted to read "Harry Potter" instead, because that was my favorite book as a child, and I have read it many times.
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So I got the Spanish translation of "Harry Potter" and started reading, and sure enough, I didn't understand almost anything at the beginning, but I kept on reading because I loved the book, and by the end of the book, I was able to follow it almost without any problems.
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And the same thing happened when I was learning German.
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I decided to watch "Friends," my favorite sitcom, in German, and again, at the beginning it was all just gibberish.
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I didn't know where one word finished and another one started, but I kept on watching every day because it's "Friends." I can watch it in any language. I love it so much.
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And after the second or third season, seriously, the dialogue started to make sense.
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I only realized this after meeting other polyglots.
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We are no geniuses and we have no shortcut to learning languages.
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We simply found ways how to enjoy the process, how to turn language learning from a boring school subject into a pleasant activity which you don't mind doing every day.
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If you don't like writing words down on paper, you can always type them in an app.
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If you don't like listening to boring textbook material, find interesting content on YouTube or in podcasts for any language.
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If you're a more introverted person and you can't imagine speaking to native speakers right away, you can apply the method of self-talk.
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You can talk to yourself in the comfort of your room, describing your plans for the weekend, how your day has been, or even take a random picture from your phone and describe the picture to your imaginary friend.
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This is how polyglots learn languages, and the best news is, it's available to anyone who is willing to take the learning into their own hands.
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So meeting other polyglots helped me realize that it is really crucial to find enjoyment in the process of learning languages, but also that joy in itself is not enough.
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If you want to achieve fluency in a foreign language, you'll also need to apply three more principles.
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First of all, you'll need effective methods.
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If you try to memorize a list of words for a test tomorrow, the words will be stored in your short-term memory and you'll forget them after a few days.
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If you, however, want to keep words long term, you need to revise them in the course of a few days repeatedly using the so-called space repetition.
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You can use apps which are based on this system such as Anki or Memrise, or you can write lists of word in a notebook using the Goldlist method, which is also very popular with many polyglots.
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If you're not sure which methods are effective and what is available out there, just check out polyglots' YouTube channels and websites and get inspiration from them.
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If it works for them, it will most probably work for you too.
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The third principle to follow is to create a system in your learning.
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We're all very busy and no one really has time to learn a language today.
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But we can create that time if we just plan a bit ahead.
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Can you wake up 15 minutes earlier than you normally do?
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That would be the perfect time to revise some vocabulary.
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Can you listen to a podcast on your way to work while driving?
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Well, that would be great to get some listening experience.
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There are so many things we can do without even planning that extra time, such as listening to podcasts on our way to work or doing our household chores.
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The important thing is to create a plan in the learning.
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"I will practice speaking every Tuesday and Thursday with a friend for 20 minutes.
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I will listen to a YouTube video while having breakfast." If you create a system in your learning, you don't need to find that extra time, because it will become a part of your everyday life.
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And finally, if you want to learn a language fluently, you need also a bit of patience.
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It's not possible to learn a language within two months, but it's definitely possible to make a visible improvement in two months, if you learn in small chunks every day in a way that you enjoy.
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And there is nothing that motivates us more than our own success.
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I vividly remember the moment when I understood the first joke in German when watching "Friends." I was so happy and motivated that I just kept on watching that day two more episodes, and as I kept watching, I had more and more of those moments of understanding, these little victories, and step by step, I got to a level where I could use the language freely and fluently to express anything.
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This is a wonderful feeling.
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I can't get enough of that feeling, and that's why I learn a language every two years.
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So this is the whole polyglot secret.
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Find effective methods which you can use systematically over the period of some time in a way which you enjoy, and this is how polyglots learn languages within months, not years.
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Now, some of you may be thinking, "That's all very nice to enjoy language learning, but isn't the real secret that you polyglots are just super talented and most of us aren't?" Well, there's one thing I haven't told you about Benny and Lucas.
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Benny had 11 years of Irish Gaelic and five years of German at school.
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He couldn't speak them at all when graduating.
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Up to the age of 21, he thought he didn't have the language gene and he could not speak another language.
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Then he started to look for his way of learning languages, which was speaking to native speakers and getting feedback from them, and today Benny can easily have a conversation in 10 languages.
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Lucas tried to learn English at school for 10 years.
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He was one of the worst students in class.
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His friends even made fun of him and gave him a Russian textbook as a joke because they thought he would never learn that language, or any language.
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And then Lucas started to experiment with methods, looking for his own way to learn, for example, by having Skype chat conversations with strangers.
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And after just 10 years, Lucas is able to speak 11 languages fluently.
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Does that sound like a miracle?
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Well, I see such miracles every single day.
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As a language mentor, I help people learn languages by themselves, and I see this every day.
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People struggle with language learning for five, 10, even 20 years, and then they suddenly take their learning into their own hands, start using materials which they enjoy, more effective methods, or they start tracking their learning so that they can appreciate their own progress, and that's when suddenly they magically find the language talent that they were missing all their lives.
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So if you've also tried to learn a language and you gave up, thinking it's too difficult or you don't have the language talent, give it another try.
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Maybe you're also just one enjoyable method away from learning that language fluently.
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Maybe you're just one method away from becoming a polyglot.
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Thank you. (Applause)
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关于本课:掌握语言学习的秘密
本课程将带您深入探索多语者Lýdia Machová在TED演讲中分享的语言学习“秘密”。她揭示了为什么有些人能轻松掌握多门语言,而另一些人却在努力中挣扎。您将了解到,真正的“秘密”并非天生才能,而是找到享受学习过程的方法。我们将一起练习视频中提到的英语口语练习策略,学习如何将语言学习从枯燥变为乐趣,并有效提升您的英语流利度。
在词汇方面,我们将聚焦于语言学习方法、学习动力以及坚持不懈等主题。语法模式将自然融入到演讲者的叙述中,例如如何描述个人经验和提出建议。通过跟读和模仿,您将能练习如何自信地谈论自己的学习旅程,并掌握实用的沟通场景,例如与人分享学习心得、探讨学习技巧等。
重要词汇和短语
- achieving fluency (实现流利度):指能够用外语自如、顺畅地表达。
- polyglots (多语者):能说多种语言的人。
- start speaking from day one (从第一天就开始说):一种强调早期口语实践的学习方法。
- based on the feedback (根据反馈):通过他人的反馈来学习和改进。
- ingenious method (巧妙的方法):指非常聪明、有创意的学习策略。
- it suddenly dawned on me (我突然明白了):表示突然领悟或意识到某事。
- spaced repetition (间隔重复):一种有效的记忆方法,通过有规律的间隔重复复习来增强记忆。
- take the learning into their own hands (把学习掌握在自己手中):意味着积极主动地为自己的学习负责。
本视频练习技巧:提升您的跟读与发音
Lýdia Machová的演讲为英语口语练习和发音练习提供了绝佳的素材。以下是一些具体的跟读技巧建议:
- 语速与清晰度: Lýdia的语速适中,发音清晰,非常适合中级学习者进行跟读。她的发音带有非母语者的独特口音,但表达非常流畅和自信。这提醒我们,清晰的表达比追求完美母语口音更重要。尝试模仿她的语速和语调,尤其注意她在讲述故事时的停顿和强调。
- 口音与模仿: 不必刻意模仿她的口音,而是专注于模仿她的节奏、连读和重音。她的表达方式自然且引人入胜,这对于希望提升雅思口语表现的考生来说,是学习如何自然流畅表达的良好范本。
-
话题与难度: 视频内容围绕语言学习策略和个人经历,词汇难度适中,非常适合扩展关于学习、教育和自我提升的词汇。在跟读时,您可以尝试以下练习:
- 模仿她讲述自己学习西班牙语和德语的经历。
- 练习描述不同的语言学习方法(例如Benny的“从第一天就开始说”和Lucas的Skype聊天法)。
- 尝试应用她提到的“自言自语”技巧,用英语描述您对周末的计划或一天的感受,这能有效提升您的英语流利度。
- 核心信息捕捉: 在跟读时,不仅要模仿发音,还要理解并内化她传达的核心信息——“找到享受学习过程的方法”。这有助于您更好地把握语篇的连贯性和逻辑。
什么是跟读法?
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧,最初开发用于专业口译员的培训,并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大:您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同,跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性,语调,节奏,连读,听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。
如何在ShadowingEnglish上有效练习
- 选择您的视频: 挑选一段语音清晰、自然的YouTube视频。TED演讲,BBC新闻,电影片段,播客或雅思口语范例都很好。将URL粘贴到搜索栏中。从较短的视频(短于5分钟)以及您真正感兴趣的内容开始——兴趣是最重要的导师。
- 先听,理解上下文: 第一次听的时候,将速度保持在1倍速并仅仅倾听。还不要尝试重复。专注于理解其含义,收集新词汇,并注意讲话人如何强调单词,连读声音及使用停顿。
- 设置跟读模式:
- 等待模式:选择
+3s或+5s——在每句话播放完毕后,视频会自动暂停以便您有时间大声重复它。如果您想完全控制并在每次重复后由您自己点击下一步,请选择手动。 - 字幕同步:YouTube字幕有时会在音频前或后略微出现。使用
±100ms使它们完美对齐以助您准确跟读。
- 等待模式:选择
- 大声跟读(核心练习): 这是真正发生改变的一步。当一个句子播放出来立刻——或在暂停期间——大声、清晰且自信地重复出来。千万不要只是张张嘴:要模仿说话者的准确节奏、重音、音高和连读。力求听上去就像说话者的影子,而不仅是逐字背诵。使用重复功能多次练习同一个句子,直到感觉自然为止。
- 提高难度: 当练习段落变得相对舒适后,就去挑战自我。将速度增加至 <code>1.25x</code> 或甚至 <code>1.5x</code> 以训练高速语言反射。或者将等待模式调整为 <code>关闭</code> 以进行连续跟读——这是最进阶同样收益最大的模式。持续的每日15–30分钟的练习将可以在几周内产生可见的效果。