シャドーイング練習: UNIT 12 MARRIAGE - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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So my first question to you today is how would you define marriage?
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Well many people might say something like it's a union of two
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or more people who are legally recognized by the government or it's a couple that lives together and has and raises children.
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Sound good?
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Both of these ideas are true in many but not all cultures.
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Actually, most anthropologists, including myself,
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agree that there is no single definition that adequately describes all of the types of marriages found throughout the world.
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But whatever the definition, some form of marriage is found in every society.
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And I'd say that marriage serves an extremely important function in society.
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So let's first look at some of the benefits of marriage to society.
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Now a universal benefit of marriage is that it creates relationships or alliances among families.
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Now some anthropologists believe that this is the main reason why marriage developed in human society.
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This idea is summed up in what is known as the Alliance Theory,
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which simply says that marriage increases social cooperation through the relations that develop between people and their in -laws.
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And this kind of human network is in turn good for society as a whole.
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A second benefit of marriage concerns children.
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Compared with animals, humans take an extremely long time to mature, from infancy until adulthood when they become independent.
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Because of this, children need parents to care for them for the first few years of their lives.
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And marriage increases the likelihood that a child would be properly cared for
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and that the child would receive the support and protection of both parents over a long period of time.
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Obviously, this is quite important to the survival and development of a society.
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Now, children also play a role in the third and final benefit we'll discuss.
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You see, in most cultures, marriage establishes the legitimacy and rights of a child because it establishes who the child's father is.
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Now, this is known as the legitimacy argument, which says that in order for a child to be recognized and respected by the community,
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the child must be linked to a father who is legitimately married to the child's mother.
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This is particularly true in most modern societies, where there is a strong pressure for couples to get married if the woman becomes pregnant.
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However, I might add that this kind of pressure is lessening in some Western countries.
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Alright, so I hope that we agree that marriage benefits society in many ways.
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Next I'd like to consider who marries whom and why.
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Any guesses?
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Well, statistics clearly show that most people marry someone similar to themselves in terms of race, level of education, social class, and interests.
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This social phenomenon is called homogony.
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For instance, more than 90 % of Americans marry someone from their own racial group
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and about 75 % marry someone from their same social class.
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Now why is the phenomenon of homogony so prevalent?
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Well there's a very logical reason.
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People tend to marry people they've met in their daily lives
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and And most people tend to live near and socialize with people from their own racial group, their own social class, and with similar levels of education.
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I suspect that the many married couples you know confirms that homogamy is the norm.
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However, recent research suggests that this trend in marriage is changing and that marriages will look different in the future.
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To talk about the future of marriage, I'd like to focus on some figures from the U .S., although these ideas certainly apply to countries throughout the world.
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The strongest major trend that we'll see in marriages of the future is a gradual decline in racial homogamy.
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In 1980, 1 .3 % of marriages in the U .S were interracial.
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By 2002, the number had risen to 3%, And by 2005, the number of interracial marriages had risen to 7 .5%.
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So, as you can see, this trend is accelerating rapidly, and we have many reasons to believe
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that the number of interracial marriages in the U .S will continue to increase for some time to come.
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One reason is a rise in racial tolerance.
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A recent poll showed that 86 % of blacks,
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79 % of Hispanics, and 66 % of whites would accept their children or their grandchildren marrying someone of a different race.
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Another reason anthropologists believe interracial marriages will become more common is related to anticipated increases in the Hispanic
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and Asian populations in the U .S.
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These two groups account for many of the interracial marriages that we now see.
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So as these populations grow, we can assume so will interracial marriages.
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Now I hope you'll agree that this trend is a very welcome one.
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Remember that one universal characteristic of marriage is that it creates alliances.
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And what better way to bring down racial and nationalistic barriers than through interracial and international marriages?
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この動画のスピーキング目標
社会科学的トピック（結婚）について論理的に話す能力を養い、IELTS スピーキング対策にも役立つ議論スキルを磨きます。具体的には、定義の提示、利益の列挙、傾向の説明など、構造化された話し方を習得し、shadow speak（シャドーイング）を通じて自然なリズムとアクセントを身につけます。
フレーズバンク
- 「...をどのように定義しますか？」（How would you define...?）
- 「...は社会に極めて重要な機能を果たします」（...serves an extremely important function in society）
- 「...という現象は非常に普及しています」（The phenomenon of... is so prevalent）
- 「...の傾向は加速しています」（This trend is accelerating rapidly）
- 「...の理由の一つは...です」（One reason is...）
弱点を克服しよう
この動画を使った英語スピーキング練習では、長文の中でのアクセントの置き方とリズムを改善します。特に「anthropologists」「legitimacy」「homogony」などの難しい単語の発音と、「Now, some anthropologists believe that...」のような接続詞を使ったスムーズな流れをshadowspeakで練習しましょう。また、論点を展開する際の「First, Second, Finally」の使い方で、話し言葉の構造を明確にすることも重要です。動画で英語学習を進めることで、自然な発音と論理的な話し方が同時に身につきます。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。