シャドーイング練習: VN-country profile - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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105 文
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Vietnam is a fascinating country with a unique culture that's been influenced by its proximity to China, and to some extent by its relationship with the West.
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It's located on the eastern side of the peninsula called Indochina, a name which stems from the Indian and Chinese influences on the region.
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Unlike the other countries of the peninsula, Vietnam's civilization has been influenced more heavily by China than by India.
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In fact, like Japan and Korea, it's considered to be part of the Sinosphere, or East Asia Cultural Sphere.
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Vietnam shares a border with China to the north, as well as Laos to the northwest, and Cambodia to the southwest.
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Aside from Indochina, the region is also referred to as Mainland Southeast Asia, as opposed to the island countries of Maritime Southeast Asia.
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Vietnam has a population of approximately 96 .2 million people, making it the 15th most populous country in the world.
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But in terms of economy, it's only number 40.
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It's a developing country and has a per capita income of approximately 3 ,500 US dollars per year.
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Its currency is the dong.
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With an exchange rate of 23 ,095 dong to 1 US dollar,
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it only takes $43 .35 American to have over 1 million units of the local currency.
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That's why expats and locals alike joke that everyone there is a millionaire.
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The country stretches 1 ,650 kilometers from north to south, a distance that would reach from Norway to Italy if transposed over Europe.
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Because of its long and narrow shape, the entire country falls within a single time zone, Vietnam's standard time.
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That's unlike the United States, for instance, where it might be 8am in Honolulu and 2pm in New York City.
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Its three largest cities are Ho Chi Minh City, the capital city Hanoi, and Haiphong, a port city close to the capital in the Red River Delta,
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where the Red River empties its waters and sediment into the Gulf of Tonkin.
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The country has over 3 ,400 kilometers of coastline along the Gulf of Tonkin, the South China Sea, and the Gulf of Thailand in the south.
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Almost all of Vietnam lies south of the Tropic of Cancer.
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In other words, it lies within the tropical zone.
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But there is significant variation in elevation, landscape, and climate.
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The landscape in Vietnam is largely hilly and forested, with some mountainous areas.
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The northern region is home to the nation's capital, Hanoi, which is situated on the Red River Delta, Vietnam's most densely populated area.
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The climate in the north is humid subtropical, with hot rainy summers and cool winters.
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But the mountainous highland areas have a more temperate or continental climate, which gets colder in winter, and it even snows in certain places.
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The north is the region that has been under Vietnamese rule for the longest amount of time, and it's the original homeland of the Vietnamese ethnicity and culture.
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The central region is the least populous of the three regions, though it's the largest.
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Despite being the largest, it's very narrow at certain points.
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At its most narrow point, this region measures only 50 kilometers from east to west.
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The north -central coastal region is similar to the northern region in its climate, with cool to mild winters.
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In contrast, the south -central coast is tropical, with warm weather year -round.
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The central highlands is a plateau with rolling hills, mountains, and extensive forests.
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The higher elevations result in a more temperate climate, like in northern Vietnam.
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In the summertime, it's a popular place to escape from the heat of the low -lying coastal areas.
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The southern region is the most populous region.
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Its largest and best -known city is Ho Chi Minh City, which used to officially be known as Saigon.
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This region has warm or hot weather year -round with only two seasons, a wet season and a dry season.
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One of the most important features of the south is the Mekong River Delta, the wetlands of the Mekong River where it empties its waters and sediment into the South China Sea.
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In fact, it empties so much sediment into the sea
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that the delta moves 60 to 80 meters further into the sea each year.
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The Mekong River is the 12th largest river in the world, starting on the Tibetan Plateau and flowing through China, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and finally Vietnam.
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The southern region was the last region to come under Vietnamese rule.
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Prior to the southward expansion of the Vietnamese into this region,
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the area was known as the Kingdom of Champa and was home to a distinct civilization which boasted its own language, people, customs, and culture.
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The people of this region were known as the Cham people.
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They were predominantly Hindu, and as a result, many Hindu temples and architecture can still be found in this region now.
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And the Cham people still remain a minority group in Vietnam today.
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As I mentioned earlier, Vietnam is known as part of the Sinosphere, areas of East Asia and Southeast Asia heavily influenced by China.
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That's because Vietnam spent approximately a millennium under Chinese rule.
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Though the country returned to Vietnamese control intermittently during this time period,
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country was under nearly continuous Chinese rule from the year 111 BCE until 938 CE.
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The Chinese language was used for formal purposes, and by the 9th century the Vietnamese language started to be written in Chinese characters,
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and a substantial amount of loanwords started to be adopted from Chinese.
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Even today, Chinese -derived words make up about a third of the Vietnamese lexicon, and 60 % or more for words used in formal texts.
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After the period of Chinese rule, Vietnam gradually expanded southward and conquered the Kingdom of Champa in a number of stages, the last one ending in 1832,
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as well as annexing a part of the Khmer Kingdom.
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Believe it or not, in the late 1700s, the location of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam's largest city, was not yet a part of Vietnam.
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In 1858, in response to the persecution of Catholic missionaries by the Vietnamese authorities, the French military began attacking Vietnam,
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but they clearly had bigger goals.
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By 1867, the southern third of Vietnam had been seized, and by 1884, the rest of the country came under French rule during the Sino -French War,
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a war between France and China.
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Vietnam remained under French control for nearly 70 years, for most of that time as part of French Indochina, which also included Laos and Cambodia.
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Vietnam was influenced by the French in many ways.
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Some of these influences are still visible today.
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For instance, bánh mì is a well -known type of bread and staple of Vietnamese cuisine,
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but it wasn't eaten in the country until the 1860s when the French colonists introduced Vietnam to the baguette.
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The French also introduced them to coffee, which they hadn't been familiar with before that.
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That may be surprising because Vietnam has since gone on to become the second largest coffee producer in the world.
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Vietnam is famous for robusta coffee bean production, and has created a unique drink known as egg coffee by
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using an egg yolk whisked with condensed milk rather than regular milk or cream.
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In addition to cuisine, France has left an indelible mark on Vietnam in the form of architecture.
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Some French buildings have been destroyed, but many remain, including St. Joseph's Cathedral in Hanoi, based on the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris,
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the Hanoi Opera House, based on the Palais Garnier, also in Paris, and the People's Committee Building in Ho Chi Minh City.
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Furthermore, the French encouraged the use of a Latin -based script for the Vietnamese language, which had originally been created by Portuguese missionaries.
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Use of this alphabet ultimately replaced the use of the complicated Chinese -Vietnamese characters that were previously used in writing.
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Some French loanwords were also adopted into the Vietnamese language, because French was widely spoken by the upper classes during the times of French rule.
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During World War II, Vietnam was occupied by Japan, who removed the French from power, and after the war, a Vietnamese communist government led by Ho Chi Minh took over.
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But the French tried to reconquer the country, leading to a war, the First Indochina War, that lasted until 1954 and left the country divided,
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with the North under communist rule.
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The United States' opposition to communism caused them to side with the non -communist South in another war beginning in 1955,
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the Vietnam War, which is referred to as the resistance war against America in Vietnam.
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The United States lost the war when the communist North took control of the South and unified the country in 1975.
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Though Vietnam is still officially a socialist country today, in 1986 the ruling Communist Party initiated a series of economic reforms
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that helped Vietnam become part of the global economy
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and to rapidly become much more modern
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and developed today vietnam is a thriving developing country
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that ranks high in the human development index its two major cities hanoi
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and ho chi minh are bustling and exciting cities
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that are home to over 7 .5 million people each mopeds are the primary form of transportation
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and the traffic they cause in vietnam's cities is notoriously chaotic
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one of vietnam's draws is its eight unesco world heritage sites and other tourist attractions.
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Some of its most popular sites to visit are the Golden Bridge, a footbridge designed to look as if it's being upheld by two giant stone hands,
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the Hang Sun Dong Cave, a cave so large that it contains its own subterranean forest and ecosystem, the Imperial City of Hue,
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the formal imperial capital of Vietnam, and Mi Sun, a cluster of abandoned and partially ruined Hindu temples
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that were constructed over a thousand years ago by the former kings of Champa.
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Vietnam is an exciting country to visit and travel in.
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It's generally a safe country with a low incidence of crime, though tourists should watch out for scammers, of course.
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Its complex history makes it a remarkable nation that fuses elements of numerous cultures into something altogether unique, compelling, and exciting.
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Now, over to you.
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What's something interesting that you learned about Vietnam from this video?
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Before watching, did you know about Vietnam's historical ties to China, France, and the Kingdom of the Cham people?
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And if you're from Vietnam, what else would you like everyone to know about your country?
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Leave your answers in the comments down below.
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If you liked this video, then be sure to click the like button and have a nice day.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「VN-country profile」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：vietnam, region, French, Vietnamese, Chinese。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が105文、単語が1747語あります。 音声の長さは10:23です。 話す速さは1分あたり約168語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は78%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| communist 名詞 | /ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪst/ | 共産主義者, 共産党員 |
| delta 名詞 | /ˈdɛltə/ | デルタ |
| formal 形容詞 | /ˈfɔɹməl/ | 正式, 公式 |
| narrow 形容詞 | /ˈnæɹəʊ/ | 狭い |
| dong 名詞 | /dɔŋ/ | ドン |
| refer 動詞 | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | 問い合わせる |
| temple 名詞 | /ˈtɛm.pl̩/ | 神殿, 堂塔 |
| architecture 名詞 | /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/ | 建築, 建築学 |
| currency 名詞 | /ˈkʌɹ.ən.si/ | 通貨, 貨幣 |
| landscape 名詞 | /ˈlan(d)skeɪp/ | 景色, ランドスケープ |
| imperial 形容詞 | /ɪmˈpɪɹ.i.əl/ | 天皇の, 皇帝の |
| cave 名詞 | /keɪv/ | 洞窟, 洞 |
| adopt 動詞 | /əˈdɑpt/ | 養子にする |
| tropical 形容詞 | /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/ | 熱帯, 回帰線 |
| peninsula 名詞 | /pəˈnɪn.sə.lə/ | 半島 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| take over 動詞 | 引き受ける |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | been influenced · has been influenced · is also referred |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | that's been influenced · has been influenced · has been |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | Hanoi, which is · War, which is |
注意したい発音
話し手はhadn't, wasn't, you'reなど、短縮形や弱形を3回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/, northwest /nɔɹθˈwɛst/, southwest /saʊθˈwɛst/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, ethnicity /ɛθˈnɪsɪti/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, elevation /ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃn̩/, contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, substantial /səbˈstænʃəl/, socialist /ˈsoʊ.ʃə.lɪst/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: architecture /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃə/, imperial /ɪmˈpɪɹ.i.əl/, peninsula /pəˈnɪn.sə.lə/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: formal /ˈfɔɹməl/, imperial /ɪmˈpɪɹ.i.əl/, tropical /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/, rapidly /ˈɹæpɪdli/, remarkable /ɹɪˈmɑɹ.kə.bl̩/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: cave /keɪv/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, elevation /ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃn̩/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: formal /ˈfɔɹməl/, refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/, furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/, alphabet /ˈæl.fəˌbɛt/, fuse /fjuːz/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。communist, delta, formalなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。