シャドーイング練習: What is logistics ? Logistics definition and 7 right of logistics explained! - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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Welcome to Daily Logistics.
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In this video, we are going to learn about what is logistics, seven rights in logistics and supply chain.
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It further elaborates the functions of logistics from the beginning.
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I recommend you to stick to the very end.
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What is logistics?
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Have you ever wonder about the correct explanation for logistics?
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The word, logistics, first appeared in the Summary of the Art of War, book by Mr. Antoine-Henri Gimini, a military officer and a writer.
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It was attested to the English language in early 1846 from the French word, logistic.
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The Oxford Dictionary defines logistics as, the practical organization that is needed to make a complicated plan successful when a lot of people and equipment are involved,
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or, the business of transporting and delivering goods.
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In the military, logistics was defined as, the discipline of planning and carrying out the movement, supply, and maintenance of military forces, which was crucial during World War II.
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The word was added to the commercial world due to its importance from a point of production to the consumer.
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In commercial world, logistics has given many definitions.
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Yet the bottom line is to improve efficiency of the resources.
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Logistics of a value chain contain material handling including packing and labeling,
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transportation, warehousing, inventory management, demand projection, and procurement.
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Looks like a simple process, but there is a lot to dig in within one element.
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Logistics play a crucial role to keep the world running.
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Most of the time, the logistician does the hard work being backstage.
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I.e. consider a situation where the person A in country B
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order a product from the supplier C in country D to deliver the product from country D to country B.
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There are a lot of work involved.
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First, this product should be produced.
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Supplier C has to purchase raw materials to produce the product.
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Then the product should pack and store until it is delivering.
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Then a booking has to make from a shipping line or from an airline.
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Then the product should deliver to the airport or the seaport for transporting.
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Once the product is at the destination port, from the port it should deliver to the customer's doorstep.
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So, there are a lot of logistics activities involves.
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The undiscussed documentation process also has a lot more to do along with the risk mitigation throughout the flow.
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There are arguments on giving a clear definition and to set a dedicated work to the word logistics.
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Industry experts were confused on whether to place logistics as a subcategory of supply chain
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or whether supply chain and logistics are two different categories having common terms.
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Yet there is no agreed work limit on whether logistics is a subcategory of supply chain
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or two different terms with a common series of activities.
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Logistics is a very old term where supply chain is a new concept.
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Both terms target the smooth and efficient flow of products and services from the point of origin to the destination.
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I am keeping a question mark for you to decide what best suited for logistics.
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Michael Kirby of National Distribution Centers defined logistics and supply chain as,
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Supply chain management incorporates the field of logistics and logistics as a number of sub-processes within SCM,
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confirming logistics as a sub-category of supply chain.
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Yet, Wayne Johnson of American Gypsum stated, there isn't a difference today, saying logistics and supply chain are the same.
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7 rights of logistics.
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Logistics could be defined as a combination of 7 rights, where 7 rights include right product, right price, right quantity, right quality,
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right place, right customer and right time.
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Right product.
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The product should be same as what customer has ordered which is a basic requirement of placing orders by a customer.
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Placed order should not substitute with other products.
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Right Quality Product quality is another key component in logistics.
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There are different standards for different goods.
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Or there is a quality which customer demand for the payment they make in return.
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Quality of a product should not dissatisfy customer, it may make the customer satisfied or happy.
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Right Quantity Right quantity is the volume a customer has ordered.
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Receiving less than or more than the ordered quantity could become a burden to the customer.
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Receiving less will fail customer to cater the market he, she is having presents.
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Right price.
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Right price is the payment done for the value customer receives with procuring a product or a service.
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Right price depends on the other six rights of logistics.
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Right Customer.
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The ordered products or services should reach the right customer who requires the products or the services.
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Receiving a product or a service to the wrong customer leads the right customer to be dissatisfied
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and fail the logistics of the product chain.
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Right time.
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Right product should be produced at the right time to cater the demand.
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If jerseys are manufactured, the right time for them to be in the market is the winter.
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If the product doesn't reach the market prior winter there won't be a demand for the jerseys.
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Hence right time is very critical in logistics.
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Right place.
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Right place is the seventh 7th right factor in logistics.
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Even the right product reach a wrong place, market it won't be easy to see the expected demand for the product.
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For example, ladies in some Asian countries wear saris.
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The demand saris have in Europe is not same as in Asia.
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Hence the right place for saris is Asian market and not the Europe market.
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That's all for this video, I hope you have basic idea of what logistics is.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このC1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「What is logistics ? Logistics definition and 7 right of logistics explained!」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：logistic, product, customer, chain, supply。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が74文、単語が938語あります。 音声の長さは5:48です。 話す速さは1分あたり約162語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は81%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語11語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| logistics 名詞 | /ləˈd͡ʒɪstɪks/ | 物流, 運送 |
| quantity 名詞 | /ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/ | 量, 数量 |
| sari 名詞 | /ˈsɑː.ɹi/ | サリー |
| supplier 名詞 | /səˈplaɪə/ | サプライヤー, 供給者 |
| dissatisfied 形容詞 | /dɪsˈsætɪsˌfaɪd/ | 不満な, 不平な |
| doorstep 名詞 | /ˈdɔː(ɹ)stɛp/ | 戸口の踏み段 |
| dedicate 動詞 | /ˈdɛdɪˌkeɪt/ | 捧げる, 奉納する |
| projection 名詞 | /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/ | 突起 |
| satisfy 動詞 | /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/ | 満たす |
| airline 名詞 | /ˈɛɹˌlaɪn/ | 航空会社, エアライン |
| warehouse 名詞 | /ˈwɛə(ɹ)haʊs/ | 倉庫 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| carry out 動詞 | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | 行う, 実行する |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | was attested · is needed · was defined |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | has given · has ordered |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | forces, which was · ordered which is |
注意したい発音
話し手はwon't, doesn't, isn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を4回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: mitigation /mɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən/, projection /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: dissatisfied /dɪsˈsætɪsˌfaɪd/, dissatisfy /dɪsˈsætɪsfaɪ/, mitigation /mɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən/, incorporate /ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɚ.eɪt/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: airline /ˈɛɹˌlaɪn/, elaborate /ɪˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: dissatisfied /dɪsˈsætɪsˌfaɪd/, dissatisfy /dɪsˈsætɪsfaɪ/, satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/
- 子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: logistics /ləˈd͡ʒɪstɪks/, quantity /ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/, attest /əˈtɛst/, procure /pɹəˈkjʊɹ/, doorstep /ˈdɔː(ɹ)stɛp/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。logistics, quantity, sariなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。