跟讀練習: What is logistics ? Logistics definition and 7 right of logistics explained! - 通過影片學習英語口語
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Welcome to Daily Logistics.
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In this video, we are going to learn about what is logistics, seven rights in logistics and supply chain.
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It further elaborates the functions of logistics from the beginning.
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I recommend you to stick to the very end.
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What is logistics?
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Have you ever wonder about the correct explanation for logistics?
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The word, logistics, first appeared in the Summary of the Art of War, book by Mr. Antoine-Henri Gimini, a military officer and a writer.
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It was attested to the English language in early 1846 from the French word, logistic.
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The Oxford Dictionary defines logistics as, the practical organization that is needed to make a complicated plan successful when a lot of people and equipment are involved,
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or, the business of transporting and delivering goods.
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In the military, logistics was defined as, the discipline of planning and carrying out the movement, supply, and maintenance of military forces, which was crucial during World War II.
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The word was added to the commercial world due to its importance from a point of production to the consumer.
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In commercial world, logistics has given many definitions.
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Yet the bottom line is to improve efficiency of the resources.
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Logistics of a value chain contain material handling including packing and labeling,
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transportation, warehousing, inventory management, demand projection, and procurement.
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Looks like a simple process, but there is a lot to dig in within one element.
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Logistics play a crucial role to keep the world running.
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Most of the time, the logistician does the hard work being backstage.
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I.e. consider a situation where the person A in country B
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order a product from the supplier C in country D to deliver the product from country D to country B.
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There are a lot of work involved.
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First, this product should be produced.
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Supplier C has to purchase raw materials to produce the product.
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Then the product should pack and store until it is delivering.
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Then a booking has to make from a shipping line or from an airline.
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Then the product should deliver to the airport or the seaport for transporting.
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Once the product is at the destination port, from the port it should deliver to the customer's doorstep.
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So, there are a lot of logistics activities involves.
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The undiscussed documentation process also has a lot more to do along with the risk mitigation throughout the flow.
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There are arguments on giving a clear definition and to set a dedicated work to the word logistics.
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Industry experts were confused on whether to place logistics as a subcategory of supply chain
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or whether supply chain and logistics are two different categories having common terms.
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Yet there is no agreed work limit on whether logistics is a subcategory of supply chain
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or two different terms with a common series of activities.
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Logistics is a very old term where supply chain is a new concept.
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Both terms target the smooth and efficient flow of products and services from the point of origin to the destination.
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I am keeping a question mark for you to decide what best suited for logistics.
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Michael Kirby of National Distribution Centers defined logistics and supply chain as,
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Supply chain management incorporates the field of logistics and logistics as a number of sub-processes within SCM,
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confirming logistics as a sub-category of supply chain.
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Yet, Wayne Johnson of American Gypsum stated, there isn't a difference today, saying logistics and supply chain are the same.
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7 rights of logistics.
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Logistics could be defined as a combination of 7 rights, where 7 rights include right product, right price, right quantity, right quality,
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right place, right customer and right time.
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Right product.
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The product should be same as what customer has ordered which is a basic requirement of placing orders by a customer.
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Placed order should not substitute with other products.
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Right Quality Product quality is another key component in logistics.
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There are different standards for different goods.
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Or there is a quality which customer demand for the payment they make in return.
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Quality of a product should not dissatisfy customer, it may make the customer satisfied or happy.
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Right Quantity Right quantity is the volume a customer has ordered.
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Receiving less than or more than the ordered quantity could become a burden to the customer.
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Receiving less will fail customer to cater the market he, she is having presents.
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Right price.
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Right price is the payment done for the value customer receives with procuring a product or a service.
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Right price depends on the other six rights of logistics.
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Right Customer.
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The ordered products or services should reach the right customer who requires the products or the services.
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Receiving a product or a service to the wrong customer leads the right customer to be dissatisfied
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and fail the logistics of the product chain.
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Right time.
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Right product should be produced at the right time to cater the demand.
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If jerseys are manufactured, the right time for them to be in the market is the winter.
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If the product doesn't reach the market prior winter there won't be a demand for the jerseys.
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Hence right time is very critical in logistics.
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Right place.
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Right place is the seventh 7th right factor in logistics.
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Even the right product reach a wrong place, market it won't be easy to see the expected demand for the product.
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For example, ladies in some Asian countries wear saris.
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The demand saris have in Europe is not same as in Asia.
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Hence the right place for saris is Asian market and not the Europe market.
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That's all for this video, I hope you have basic idea of what logistics is.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節 C1 級別的口語課以影片“What is logistics ? Logistics definition and 7 right of logistics explained!”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：logistic, product, customer, chain, supply。 這段影片共有 74 個句子、938 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 5:48。 說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 162 個詞，接近日常對話。 只有 81% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| logistics 名詞 | /ləˈd͡ʒɪstɪks/ | 物流, 運籌 /運籌 |
| quantity 名詞 | /ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/ | 數量 /數量, 量 |
| sari 名詞 | /ˈsɑː.ɹi/ | 莎麗 /莎麗 |
| supplier 名詞 | /səˈplaɪə/ | 供應商 /供應商, 供應者 /供應者 |
| attest 動詞 | /əˈtɛst/ | 證實 |
| dissatisfied 形容詞 | /dɪsˈsætɪsˌfaɪd/ | 不滿 /不滿, 不滿足 /不滿足 |
| seaport 名詞 | 海港 | |
| doorstep 名詞 | /ˈdɔː(ɹ)stɛp/ | 門階 /門階, 門檻 /門檻 |
| dedicate 動詞 | /ˈdɛdɪˌkeɪt/ | 奉獻 /奉獻 |
| procurement 名詞 | /pɹəˈkjʊəɹ.mənt/ | 採購部門 /採購部門 |
| projection 名詞 | /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/ | 凸出物 |
| incorporate 動詞 | /ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɚ.eɪt/ | 組成 |
| satisfy 動詞 | /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/ | 滿足 /滿足 |
| airline 名詞 | /ˈɛɹˌlaɪn/ | 航空公司 |
| warehouse 名詞 | /ˈwɛə(ɹ)haʊs/ | 倉庫 /倉庫 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| carry out 動詞 | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | 進行 /進行 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | was attested · is needed · was defined |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | has given · has ordered |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | forces, which was · ordered which is |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 4 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 won't, doesn't, isn't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: mitigation /mɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən/, projection /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: dissatisfied /dɪsˈsætɪsˌfaɪd/, dissatisfy /dɪsˈsætɪsfaɪ/, mitigation /mɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən/, incorporate /ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɚ.eɪt/, documentation /ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: logistics /ləˈd͡ʒɪstɪks/, attest /əˈtɛst/, dissatisfied /dɪsˈsætɪsˌfaɪd/, logistic /ləˈd͡ʒɪs.tɪk/, doorstep /ˈdɔː(ɹ)stɛp/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: airline /ˈɛɹˌlaɪn/, elaborate /ɪˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/
- /æ/ — 嘴張大，不要讀成 /e/: dissatisfied /dɪsˈsætɪsˌfaɪd/, dissatisfy /dɪsˈsætɪsfaɪ/, backstage /bækˈsteɪd͡ʒ/, satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/, elaborate /ɪˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 logistics, quantity, sari 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。