シャドーイング練習: Yorkshire Is Hiding Something Nobody Talks About - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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169 文
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This quiet, boggy field in North Yorkshire doesn't look like anything.
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But 11 ,000 years ago, people lived here, and they left behind the oldest house ever found in Britain,
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and headdresses made from the skulls of deer.
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This is older than Stonehenge, older than the pyramids.
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It was already ancient, by thousands of years, before a single
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Viking ever set foot in England.
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You came for the Vikings.
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On this ground, the Vikings are the newcomers.
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Yorkshire is the one place everyone thinks they know, the Moors, the Flatcaps, the Viking City.
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You don't know the half of it, and the half you don't know is the half nobody talks about.
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The man who made Europe Christian was crowned emperor here, not in Rome.
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There's a stream so quiet you could step across it that has, by reputation, never given a body back.
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And the first moving picture in human history was shot in
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a Yorkshire back garden by a man who then vanished off the face of the earth.
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Every one of these is on the record.
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This is Yorkshire, England's biggest county, so proud it flies its own flag and keeps its own holiday.
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And these are the 15 things it quietly handed the rest of the world.
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We're counting down to the one that fixed the deadliest problem in the history of the sea.
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Let's start where
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Britain itself started.
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Number 15.
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The site is called Starcar, near Scarborough, and it is one of the most important stone age sites
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in all of europe people settled here around 9 000 years
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before christ hunter gatherers living at the edge of a long
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vanished lake just as the last ice age loosened its grip
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they left behind the earliest known house in britain
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and the oldest worked timber carpentry found anywhere in europe
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and they left something stranger more than 20 headdresses made from red deer skulls, antlers still attached, the bone hollowed out to be worn.
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Nobody is certain whether they were for hunting or for ritual.
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11 ,000 years on, a field most people would drive past without a glance holds the oldest front door in the country.
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Number 14.
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Long before the Norse, Yorkshire was already old.
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Outside Boroughbridge stand the Devil's Arrows.
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Three gritstone giants hauled upright in the Bronze Age, the tallest well over 20 feet.
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In the churchyard at Rudston stands the tallest standing stone in the whole
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United Kingdom, a Neolithic monolith that was raised on that spot thousands of years before the church was ever built beside it.
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And near Rippon lie the Thornborough Hengis, three enormous aligned earthworks so impressive they're called the Stonehenge of the North,
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once coated in white gypsum so they'd shine across the plain.
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This was sacred ground when the Vikings everyone pictures were still 3 ,000 years in the future.
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Number 13 Long before the chocolate and the railways, the city of York was one of the most important places in the entire Roman Empire,
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a northern capital the Romans called Iboricum.
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For stretches of time, the empire was effectively run from here, and in the year 306, something happened in York that bent the course of history.
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The Emperor Constantius died here while on campaign, and his soldiers, on the spot, declared his son the new emperor.
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That son was Constantine, who would end the persecution of Christians, set that religion on the road to conquering Europe,
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and build a new capital in the east we now call Istanbul.
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One of the hinge moments of the last 2 ,000 years happened on a patch of ground in North Yorkshire.
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Number 12.
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When the Vikings swept into England in the 9th century, they didn't just raid Yorkshire, they conquered it and stayed to rule.
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York became Jorvik, the capital of a Norse kingdom that ran much of the north for the better part of a century.
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That century is still printed on the map.
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The word riding, the name for each of Yorkshire's three historic divisions, comes from an Old Norse word meaning a third.
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Hundreds of town names and a great deal of the old Yorkshire dialect are Scandinavian at the root, not English.
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So when people say Yorkshire feels like its own country with its own way of speaking, they're not imagining it.
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For a real chapter of history, it genuinely was a separate kingdom, ruled from a Viking city in a Viking tongue.
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Number 11.
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On the slopes of a mountain called Ingleborough, in the Dales, there's a hole in the ground you could walk straight past.
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It's called Gaping Gill, and it's one of the largest underground chambers in Britain.
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The main hall is so vast you could fit
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York Minster, the enormous medieval cathedral, inside it, with room to spare.
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A stream pours over the lip and drops around 320 feet to the cavern floor.
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making it the tallest unbroken waterfall in England hidden entirely beneath a field.
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For most of the year it belongs to expert cavers.
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But twice a year, local clubs rig up a winch,
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and ordinary people are lowered on a rope through the waterfall's spray into a cathedral of stone
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that almost nobody walking the fell above knows is there.
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Quick pause, four facts in.
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And if you're enjoying this, the like button genuinely helps.
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Back to it.
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Number 10.
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Near Bolton Abbey, the broad river wharf suddenly squeezes into a gap barely wide enough to step across.
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It looks harmless, a stream a child could jump.
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It's called the strid, and it is one of the most dangerous stretches of water in the world.
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What the surface hides is the river turned on its side.
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The channel is far deeper than it is wide.
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The banks undercut into drowned caverns, the current of vertical chaos beneath a calm -looking top.
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The grim local saying is that the strid has never given back anyone who fell in.
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It's a reminder that in Yorkshire, the quiet -looking things are exactly the ones to respect.
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Number 9.
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In a wooded valley near Ripon stand the remains of Fountain's Abbey, the largest monastic ruin in Britain.
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It was founded in 1132 by 13 monks who broke away from a wealthier abbey in York, wanting a simpler life.
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What they built became one of the richest religious houses in the country, its fortune pouring in from vast flocks of sheep.
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Then, in the 1530s, Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries, and England's abbeys were stripped and abandoned in a few short years.
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Fountains fell silent.
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But what survives is startling.
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The Abbey Church still standing, almost to its full height, roofless and open to the sky, its nave the length of a football pitch.
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A World Heritage Site and one of the most atmospheric places in the country, sitting quietly out of sight of the road.
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Number 8.
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Whitby is a cluster of red roofs and fishing boats huddled under a ruined abbey on the North Yorkshire coast.
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In 1890, an Irish theatre manager called Bram Stoker took a holiday there, climbed the 199 steps to the clifftop churchyard,
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heard sailors talk of a foreign ship wrecked on the beach with its crew mysteriously dead,
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and found the name Dracula in a book in the town library.
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Whitby is where his vampire first sets foot in England.
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A century earlier, the same harbour shaped a very different story.
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A young James Cook learned to handle a ship in this port, and the vessel he later sailed to Australia and New Zealand,
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the Endeavour, was built right here in Whitby as a humble coal carrier.
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Dracula and the man who mapped the Pacific from one small fishing town.
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Number 7.
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Between the towns of Wakefield, Morley and Rothwell sits an area barely nine miles across, known as the Rhubarb Triangle.
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At its peak it grew around 90 % of the entire world's forced rhubarb, and the way it's grown is genuinely strange.
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The plants are left out in the cold fields for two winters, then the roots are moved into pitch -black heated sheds.
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Starved of light, the rhubarb hunts for it, shooting upwards so fast that in the silence of the shed,
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you can hear it creak and pop as it grows.
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It has to be picked by hand, by candlelight, because a single burst of daylight would toughen the delicate pink stems.
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The result is prized enough that Yorkshire, forced rhubarb, now carries the same protected status as champagne.
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Football feels like it belongs to everyone now, so it's easy to forget someone had to invent the modern game,
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and a lot of that happened in Sheffield.
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In 1857, a group of local cricketers wanting something to do over winter founded Sheffield Football Club.
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FIFA recognises it as the oldest football club in the world still playing today, and they did far more than kick a ball about.
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To settle how the game should actually work, they wrote the Sheffield Rules, and those rules gave us things we now treat as obvious.
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Corners, free kicks and heading the ball.
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When the National Football Association drew up its own laws a few years later, it borrowed heavily from Sheffield.
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So the next time you watch a match anywhere on earth,
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part of what you're watching was drafted by Yorkshiremen who just wanted a kickabout in the cold.
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Number 5.
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Ask who invented cinema and you'll hear Edison or the Lumiere brothers in France.
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The real story starts earlier, and in Yorkshire, in October 1888,
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a French inventor living in Leeds named Louis Le Prince pointed
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a single -lens camera he'd built himself at his family in a round hay garden and filmed them walking in a circle.
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It lasts barely two seconds.
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It is the oldest surviving film in the world, made years before the men usually credited with inventing cinema had shown anything.
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And then it turns strange.
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In 1890, just as Le Prince was about to reveal his work to the world, he boarded a train in France and vanished.
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No body, no luggage, no trace was ever found.
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The man who filmed the first moving images disappeared before he could take the credit.
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Number 4.
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Sheffield had been a city of steel and blades for centuries.
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But in 1913, one of its metallurgists changed the material world by accident.
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Harry Brearley had been handed a dull problem, gun barrels wearing out too fast, and was experimenting with adding chromium to steel.
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One rejected sample was tossed aside in the workshop.
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Weeks later, Brearley noticed that while the other offcuts had gone rusty, that one was still bright and clean.
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He had accidentally made a steel that would not rust.
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Stainless steel went on to remake the modern world.
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It's in your cutlery and your kitchen sink, in surgical instruments, in aircraft, in the shining cladding of skyscrapers.
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Almost every clean, gleaming surface in modern life descends from a sample a Sheffield scientist very nearly threw in the bin.
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Number 3.
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One foggy night in 1933, a man named Percy Shaw was driving home along a dark road near Halifax
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when his headlights caught the eyes of a cat on a fence, glowing back at him.
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It gave him an idea that would go on to save countless lives.
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Shaw built a small reflective stud to sit in the middle of the road,
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glass beads in a rubber housing that catch a car's headlights and bounce the light straight back.
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He called them cat's eyes.
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The clever part was the rubber, when a wheel presses the stud down, it dips and wipes itself clean with rainwater, so it never clouds over.
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He patented it in 1934, and nearly a century on, those glowing studs still guide drivers through the dark all over the world.
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Number 2.
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The story of flight is supposed to begin in America in 1903.
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In truth, most of the hard thinking was done a lifetime earlier, on an estate near Scarborough.
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Sir George Cayley, around the year 1800, was the first to correctly identify the four forces acting on any flying machine – lift,
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weight, thrust and drag.
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He understood that flapping like a bird was a dead end and that a fixed wing was the answer, the basic idea behind every aeroplane since.
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And he didn't stop at theory. In 1853, Cayley built a full -size glider
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and sent his own reluctant coachman soaring across a yorkshire valley
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the first time in history a person flew in a heavier than air machine the coachman survived
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and promptly resigned the blueprint for flight was drawn in yorkshire half a century early number one
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we started with an emperor made in york
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we end with a carpenter's son who saved the world's sailors for centuries ships could find their latitude but never their longitude,
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how far east or west they were.
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It killed sailors by the thousand, wrecking ships on rocks they thought were miles away.
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The finest minds in Europe, Newton among them, were sure the answer lay in the stars.
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The man who cracked it was a self -taught clockmaker born near Wakefield, John Harrison.
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He realized that if you carried your home port's exact time across the ocean and compared it to the local time, you could fix your position.
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The trouble was that no clock could keep true time on a heaving,
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salt -soaked ship, so Harrison gave most of his life to building one that could,
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until it lost barely a few seconds on a voyage of weeks.
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Sit with what this one county gave the world, the oldest home in Britain, the emperor who remade belief,
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a Viking kingdom, the first film ever shot, the metal your kitchen is made of, flight, sketched half a century early,
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and a Yorkshire clock that finally told sailors where on earth they stood, the same job every satellite guiding your phone home tonight still does.
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You've used Yorkshire today, you just never knew whose county you had to thank, So out of all 15, which one genuinely got you?
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And if you want the next county taken apart like this one, subscribe and stick around.
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I'll see you there.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Yorkshire Is Hiding Something Nobody Talks About」を教材にしています。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が169文、単語が2334語あります。 音声の長さは14:20です。 話す速さは1分あたり約163語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は77%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| emperor 名詞 | /ˈɛmp(ə)ɹə/ | 皇帝, 帝王 |
| abbey 名詞 | /ˈæbi/ | 修道院 |
| sailor 名詞 | /ˈseɪ.lɚ/ | 船員, 水夫 |
| vast 形容詞 | /væst/ | 広大な, 莫大な |
| clock 名詞 | /klɑk/ | 走行距離計 |
| pitch 名詞 | /pɪt͡ʃ/ | 投球 |
| belong 動詞 | /bɪˈlɒŋ/ | 所属する, 属する |
| settle 動詞 | /ˈsɛtəl/ | 解決する |
| stretch 動詞 | /stɹɛt͡ʃ/ | 伸ばす |
| ruin 名詞 | /ˈɹuː.ɪn/ | 廃墟, 遺跡 |
| enormous 形容詞 | /ɪˈnɔː.məs/ | 巨大な |
| rubber 名詞 | /ˈɹʌbɚ/ | ゴム |
| cinema 名詞 | /ˈsɪn.ə.mə/ | 映画館 |
| shine 動詞 | /ʃaɪn/ | 輝く, 光る |
| quietly 副詞 | /ˈkwaɪ.ɪt.li/ | 静かに |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| leave behind 動詞 | 置き忘れる |
| draw up 動詞 | 練る |
| give back 動詞 | 返す |
| wear out 動詞 | 擦り減らす |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | was crowned · was shot · is called |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | man who made · man who then · anyone who fell |
注意したい発音
話し手はdidn't, don't, they'reなど、短縮形や弱形を15回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: beneath /bɪˈniːθ/, cathedral /kəˈθiːdɹəl/, thrust /θɹʌst/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: shine /ʃaɪn/, reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, sheep /ˈʃiːp/, workshop /ˈwɝk.ʃɑp/, champagne /ʃæmˈpeɪn/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: genuinely /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.ɪn.li/, reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/, ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: cathedral /kəˈθiːdɹəl/, railway /ˈɹeɪlˌweɪ/, reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/, correctly /kəˈɹɛk(t).li/, barrel /ˈbæɹəl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: vast /væst/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/, impressive /ɪmˈpɹɛsɪv/, reveal /ɹɪˈviːl/, vessel /ˈvɛsəl/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: belief /bɪˈliːf/, lifetime /ˈlaɪf.taɪm/, fortune /ˈfɔːtjuːn/, fence /fɛns/, atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。emperor, abbey, sailorなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。