쉐도잉 연습: Contemporary Topics 1 Unit 2 LINGUISTICS A time to learn - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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How many of you have studied a new language, not the language you grew up speaking?

Okay.

Well, today we're going to look at second language acquisition.

That is, learning a second language.

And one question that linguists like myself have tried to answer for many years is,

why is it considerably easier for kids to learn a second language than adults?

And we're going to look at a few different theories about this.

First, we'll look at a theory that says there's a critical period or phase or ideal time in life for language learning.

And then we'll talk about other factors such as the learning environment, attitude, and motivation.

Now, from the show of hands, I see that many of you had your own personal experience with language learning, and I have recently too.

I started studying

Mandarin Chinese, Putonghua, just last year.

And so I've been going to class, you know, listening to language CDs, and I'm learning, but it's tough.

It's tough to learn a new language.

And then today I went into my son's class.

He's in first grade now.

And one of my son's friends, Ji Wei, he goes by Stephen now, he He just moved here last fall from China.

And when he first came into the class, he didn't speak a word of English.

I mean, not one word.

But now he's talking away in English, not always perfectly, but very easily, very fluent.

And I'm like, wow, this is so unfair.

We've both been studying a new language for the same amount of time, but he's learning it so much more quickly.

This is in fact something that linguists are very interested in,

understanding this difference between how kids and adults learn a new language.

Now one explanation is that there's a critical period for language learning.

And this theory was first introduced in the 1960s by a linguist named Eric Leneberg.

And Lenneberg's theory says that during childhood language learning is very easy.

Basically our brains are just ready for language learning.

But later, starting in adolescence and as we get older, our brains change.

We lose this childhood ability and it becomes more difficult to learn language.

And that's why adults have trouble learning a new language.

Well, if you're an adult, that's a bit discouraging, right?

You can look at my son's friend

Steven, who is six years old, and me, who's 29 plus, and say, well, okay, Steven is still in the critical phase.

His brain works perfectly right now for language learning, but you, you're way past the critical phase and your brain's already changed,

so too bad, I'm sorry.

But wait a minute, is this comparison between me and Stephen really fair?

I mean, there's an age difference, but there are a lot of other differences as well.

Can we really say that my lack of progress learning Chinese is only because I've passed the critical phase?

No, no. Many people, including linguist Robert DeKaiser,

would say no. So, you have to look at other factors.

Okay.

Now, one obvious factor in second language acquisition is environment, the place where the person is learning.

So Stephen is here in an all English environment where he's speaking English all day at school, and all of his friends speak English.

Me on the other hand, I'm just taking a class two hours a week.

So, sure, I listen to my Chinese CDs in my car on the way to work,

but other than that, I'm not in an environment where I hear a lot of Chinese.

And I wonder, what if it were the other way around?

What if I went to China and was in school all day hearing Chinese, and Stephen was studying English only two hours a week?

Do you think that would change how well we were each learning the language?

Yeah, I'm sure it would.

So environment plays a significant role in language acquisition.

Another factor in second language acquisition is a person's attitude about learning the new language.

How do you feel about learning?

Now, when I was watching Stephen in the classroom playing with his friends,

it was clear he didn't feel at all embarrassed about his English language abilities.

You know, he can't speak perfectly yet, but when he made a mistake, he didn't care.

Neither did his friends, they just kept on playing.

Me on the other hand, I find it very difficult to speak Chinese when I'm not sure what I'm saying.

I get very nervous and embarrassed and as a result, I don't practice speaking as much as I should.

So clearly a person's attitude about learning is very important in acquiring a second language.

Finally, the last factor we'll look at is motivation.

Why is the person learning the language?

Now, Stephen is probably very motivated to learn English.

All his friends speak it, so he needs to learn it in order to play with them.

I, on the other hand, want to learn Chinese, but I don't need to.

So we're both motivated to learn, but perhaps my motivation isn't quite as strong.

All right, so what do we understand about second language acquisition?

Well, there does seem to be a critical period in childhood when language learning is much easier, but it's important to look at all the factors,

and there are several, including environment,

attitude, and motivation, which help decide if someone's going to be a successful language learner.

As for me, I'm not ready to give up on Chinese just yet.

So what does everyone think about this critical period theory?

Like the big thing is that it's harder to learn a language if you're an adult, right?

Actually speaking from my own experience, I'd say the other factors he mentioned are just as important.

What other factors?

Attitude, environment and motivation.

Those were big for me.

Really?

How so?

Like what was your experience?

Oh, okay.

Well, I came to United States from Russia as a teenager.

And every time I spoke I got so nervous.

I was afraid people would make fun of me.

Oh, really?

I thought kids learned easily.

Well, I was in high school, so little older.

Anyway, I made some friends, I watched a lot of TV, and now I feel pretty comfortable talking to anyone.

Good.

Amen, what about you?

What was it like for you?

Oh, well, to me the critical period explains a lot.

My niece, who is four, came over here when I did two years ago.

And she sounds like you guys.

Really?

She talks like a native speaker and I'm so jealous.

Well, you'll get there.

It's just a matter of time and practice.

100

I mean, for two years you sound good, definitely.

101

Yeah.

102

I wouldn't worry about it.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Contemporary Topics 1 Unit 2 LINGUISTICS A time to learn”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: language, learning, learn, factor, critical. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 102개와 단어 1139개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 7:37입니다. 화자는 분당 약 150단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 단어의 88%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속해 어휘가 쉬운 편입니다. 전체 102문장 중 21문장이 질문이어서 의문문 억양과 짧은 대답을 연습하기에 좋습니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
acquisition 명사	/ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/	획득
motivation 명사	/ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/	동기
embarrassed 형용사	/ɪmˈbæɹ.əst/	부끄럽다
motivate 동사	/ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/	...에 동기를 주다
explanation 명사	/ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/	설명
ideal 형용사	/aɪˈdi(ə)l/	이상적, 리상적
introduce 동사	/ˌɪntɹəˈdus/	소개(紹介)하다
jealous 형용사	/ˈd͡ʒɛl.əs/	질투(嫉妬)하다, 시기(猜忌)하다
unfair 형용사	/ʌnˈfɛɚ/	불공평하다
classroom 명사	/ˈklɑːsɹʊm/	교실, 교장
acquire 동사	/əˈkwaɪɚ/	획득하다
teenager 명사	/ˈtiːnˌeɪ̯d͡ʒə/	틴에이저, 십대
amen	/(ˌ)ɑːˈmɛn/	아멘
niece 명사	/nis/	조카딸, 조카
linguist 명사	/ˈlɪŋɡwɪst/	언어학자

따라 말해 볼 만한 문장

영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:

How do you feel about learning?
Finally, the last factor we'll look at is motivation.
All right, so what do we understand about second language acquisition?
Amen, what about you?
What was it like for you?

주의할 발음

화자는 I'm, didn't, we'll 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 32번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“sh”와 “zh” 소리: acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, considerably /kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/, adolescence /ˌædəˈlɛsəns/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: unfair /ʌnˈfɛɚ/, fluent /ˈfluənt/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/
/r/과 /l/ 구별하기: classroom /ˈklɑːsɹʊm/, considerably /kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/, learner /ˈlɜɹnəɹ/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, acquisition, motivation, embarrassed 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: Contemporary Topics 1 Unit 2 LINGUISTICS A time to learn - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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