تدريب Shadowing: Contemporary Topics 1 Unit 2 LINGUISTICS A time to learn - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
اختر وضع التدريب
كل وضع يفتح غرفة تدريب بملء الشاشة.
102 جمل
إذا كانت الجمل قصيرة أو طويلة جدًا، انقر على Edit لتعديلها.
1
How many of you have studied a new language, not the language you grew up speaking?
2
Okay.
3
Well, today we're going to look at second language acquisition.
4
That is, learning a second language.
5
And one question that linguists like myself have tried to answer for many years is,
6
why is it considerably easier for kids to learn a second language than adults?
7
And we're going to look at a few different theories about this.
8
First, we'll look at a theory that says there's a critical period or phase or ideal time in life for language learning.
9
And then we'll talk about other factors such as the learning environment, attitude, and motivation.
10
Now, from the show of hands, I see that many of you had your own personal experience with language learning, and I have recently too.
11
I started studying
12
Mandarin Chinese, Putonghua, just last year.
13
And so I've been going to class, you know, listening to language CDs, and I'm learning, but it's tough.
14
It's tough to learn a new language.
15
And then today I went into my son's class.
16
He's in first grade now.
17
And one of my son's friends, Ji Wei, he goes by Stephen now, he He just moved here last fall from China.
18
And when he first came into the class, he didn't speak a word of English.
19
I mean, not one word.
20
But now he's talking away in English, not always perfectly, but very easily, very fluent.
21
And I'm like, wow, this is so unfair.
22
We've both been studying a new language for the same amount of time, but he's learning it so much more quickly.
23
This is in fact something that linguists are very interested in,
24
understanding this difference between how kids and adults learn a new language.
25
Now one explanation is that there's a critical period for language learning.
26
And this theory was first introduced in the 1960s by a linguist named Eric Leneberg.
27
And Lenneberg's theory says that during childhood language learning is very easy.
28
Basically our brains are just ready for language learning.
29
But later, starting in adolescence and as we get older, our brains change.
30
We lose this childhood ability and it becomes more difficult to learn language.
31
And that's why adults have trouble learning a new language.
32
Well, if you're an adult, that's a bit discouraging, right?
33
You can look at my son's friend
34
Steven, who is six years old, and me, who's 29 plus, and say, well, okay, Steven is still in the critical phase.
35
His brain works perfectly right now for language learning, but you, you're way past the critical phase and your brain's already changed,
36
so too bad, I'm sorry.
37
But wait a minute, is this comparison between me and Stephen really fair?
38
I mean, there's an age difference, but there are a lot of other differences as well.
39
Can we really say that my lack of progress learning Chinese is only because I've passed the critical phase?
40
No, no. Many people, including linguist Robert DeKaiser,
41
would say no. So, you have to look at other factors.
42
Okay.
43
Now, one obvious factor in second language acquisition is environment, the place where the person is learning.
44
So Stephen is here in an all English environment where he's speaking English all day at school, and all of his friends speak English.
45
Me on the other hand, I'm just taking a class two hours a week.
46
So, sure, I listen to my Chinese CDs in my car on the way to work,
47
but other than that, I'm not in an environment where I hear a lot of Chinese.
48
And I wonder, what if it were the other way around?
49
What if I went to China and was in school all day hearing Chinese, and Stephen was studying English only two hours a week?
50
Do you think that would change how well we were each learning the language?
51
Yeah, I'm sure it would.
52
So environment plays a significant role in language acquisition.
53
Another factor in second language acquisition is a person's attitude about learning the new language.
54
How do you feel about learning?
55
Now, when I was watching Stephen in the classroom playing with his friends,
56
it was clear he didn't feel at all embarrassed about his English language abilities.
57
You know, he can't speak perfectly yet, but when he made a mistake, he didn't care.
58
Neither did his friends, they just kept on playing.
59
Me on the other hand, I find it very difficult to speak Chinese when I'm not sure what I'm saying.
60
I get very nervous and embarrassed and as a result, I don't practice speaking as much as I should.
61
So clearly a person's attitude about learning is very important in acquiring a second language.
62
Finally, the last factor we'll look at is motivation.
63
Why is the person learning the language?
64
Now, Stephen is probably very motivated to learn English.
65
All his friends speak it, so he needs to learn it in order to play with them.
66
I, on the other hand, want to learn Chinese, but I don't need to.
67
So we're both motivated to learn, but perhaps my motivation isn't quite as strong.
68
All right, so what do we understand about second language acquisition?
69
Well, there does seem to be a critical period in childhood when language learning is much easier, but it's important to look at all the factors,
70
and there are several, including environment,
71
attitude, and motivation, which help decide if someone's going to be a successful language learner.
72
As for me, I'm not ready to give up on Chinese just yet.
73
So what does everyone think about this critical period theory?
74
Like the big thing is that it's harder to learn a language if you're an adult, right?
75
Actually speaking from my own experience, I'd say the other factors he mentioned are just as important.
76
What other factors?
77
Attitude, environment and motivation.
78
Those were big for me.
79
Really?
80
How so?
81
Like what was your experience?
82
Oh, okay.
83
Well, I came to United States from Russia as a teenager.
84
And every time I spoke I got so nervous.
85
I was afraid people would make fun of me.
86
Oh, really?
87
I thought kids learned easily.
88
Well, I was in high school, so little older.
89
Anyway, I made some friends, I watched a lot of TV, and now I feel pretty comfortable talking to anyone.
90
Good.
91
Amen, what about you?
92
What was it like for you?
93
Oh, well, to me the critical period explains a lot.
94
My niece, who is four, came over here when I did two years ago.
95
And she sounds like you guys.
96
Really?
97
She talks like a native speaker and I'm so jealous.
98
Well, you'll get there.
99
It's just a matter of time and practice.
100
I mean, for two years you sound good, definitely.
101
Yeah.
102
I wouldn't worry about it.
تنزيل التطبيق
كل ما تحتاجه للتحدث بطلاقة
تقييم النطق بالذكاء الاصطناعيتقييم كل جملة
تدريب IPAأتقن كل صوت
المفرداتابنِ رصيدك من الكلمات
لعبة المفرداتتعلّم أثناء اللعب
نفس القناة
B21
Contemporary Topics 1 Unit 1 PSYCHOLOGY Happiness
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
Contemporary Topics 3 Unit 8 POLICIAL SCIENCE big brother and the surveillance society
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
Contemporary Topics 2 Unit 10 URBAN PLANNING 21st century
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
Contemporary Topics 3 Unit 4 BUSINESS The Art of Maketing in a Global Culture
Business EnglishUniversity Students
B25
Contemporary Topics 3 Unit 11 BIOLOGY The fountain of youth
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B24
Contemporary Topics 2 Unit 9 PUBLIC HEALTH Global epidemic
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepBusiness English
C110
Contemporary Topics 3 Unit 1 COMMUNICATION STUDIES Slang ang language change
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
FOR YOU
فيديو موصى به
C123
17 جمل
Noam Chomsky on Language Aquisition
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C19
64 جمل
Contemporary Topics 3 Unit 2 Lecture with Powerpoint
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C1224 جمل
Fluent Forever
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B26
56 جمل
LEARNING A LANGUAGE
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
137 جمل
What Happens If a Child Never Hears Language?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
214 جمل
How to Learn Vocabulary in ANY Language (backed by science)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C19
474 جمل
Professor Explains the Truth About Learning a Language After 50 | Dr. Simone Pfenninger
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
106 جمل
Why Some People Become Fluent — and Others Stay Stuck
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B12
193 جمل
7 Ways to Make Studying Fun
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
32 جمل
Crash Course Linguistics Preview
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
238 جمل
English Podcast 1: Learning Languages
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
78 جمل
【VIETSUB + PINYIN】Làm thế nào để đạt được trình độ tiếng Trung bản ngữ | Luyện Nghe Tiếng Trung每日中文课
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “Contemporary Topics 1 Unit 2 LINGUISTICS A time to learn”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: language, learning, learn, factor, critical. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 102 جملة و1139 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 7:37. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة طبيعية، نحو 150 كلمة في الدقيقة، قريبة من المحادثة اليومية. 88% من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات سهلة المتابعة. 21 من أصل 102 جملة هي أسئلة، لذلك يناسب التدرب على نبرة السؤال والإجابات القصيرة.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| acquisition اسم | /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/ | اِكْتِسَاب |
| motivation اسم | /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/ | دَافِع |
| embarrassed صفة | /ɪmˈbæɹ.əst/ | مُحْرَج, بِٱلْحَرَج |
| motivate فعل | /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/ | حَثَّ |
| explanation اسم | /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ | تَفْسِير, شَرْح |
| ideal صفة | /aɪˈdi(ə)l/ | مِثَالِيّ |
| introduce فعل | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | قَدَّمَ |
| jealous صفة | /ˈd͡ʒɛl.əs/ | غَيُور |
| classroom اسم | /ˈklɑːsɹʊm/ | صَفّ, غُرْفَة التَّدْرِيس |
| acquire فعل | /əˈkwaɪɚ/ | حَصَلَ |
| teenager اسم | /ˈtiːnˌeɪ̯d͡ʒə/ | مُرَاهِق |
| amen | /(ˌ)ɑːˈmɛn/ | آمْيْن |
| niece اسم | /nis/ | بِنْتُ أَخٍ, بِنْتُ أُخْتٍ |
| fluent صفة | /ˈfluənt/ | طَلِق, فَصِيح |
| linguist اسم | /ˈlɪŋɡwɪst/ | لُغَوِيّ, عَالِم لُغَوِيّ |
الأفعال المركبة التي ستسمعها
| الكلمة | المعنى |
|---|---|
| grow up فعل | كَبُرَ, ْنَشَأ |
جمل تستحق التكرار
جمل قصيرة وكاملة من الفيديو يمكنك استخدامها في الحديث اليومي:
- How do you feel about learning?
- Finally, the last factor we'll look at is motivation.
- All right, so what do we understand about second language acquisition?
- Amen, what about you?
- What was it like for you?
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 32 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل I'm, didn't, we'll. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, considerably /kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/, adolescence /ˌædəˈlɛsəns/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: embarrassed /ɪmˈbæɹ.əst/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, introduce /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/, classroom /ˈklɑːsɹʊm/, fluent /ˈfluənt/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ابدأ بسرعة 0.75×، وردّد جملة جملة، ثم عُد إلى السرعة العادية عندما يصبح الأمر سهلًا.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل acquisition, motivation, embarrassed.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.