쉐도잉 연습: Hellraiser, Bataille and Limit Experiences - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

you you

Clive Barker, the writer behind the Hellraiser franchise, being a gay man born in 1952,

definitely knew both what it's like to have desires that society deems unacceptable, and what it's like to be treated as some kind of foreign other.

of queer cinema on the grounds that the queer characters in his movies have no positive representation.

And although it's true that the so -called Cenobites in Hellraiser are by no means straightforwardly sympathetic,

to portray them as merely negative is a very reductive mistake.

Take a look at this quote from Clive Barker: "Horror fiction tends to be reactionary.

It's usually about a return to the status quo.

The monster is the outsider who must be banished

I've created monsters who came from the outside and who call out to somebody to join them in the sanctum.

This is a very insightful quote and very true to the philosopher and writer George Bataille, whose books Clive Barker himself has read

and whose theoretical works are extremely useful as a lens to look at a movie like Hellraiser.

Most traditional horror narratives function like this: First, some idealized and well -functioning normal order is introduced.

That is the status quo.

Then, the normal order is threatened by some kind of invading or parasitic threat.

Finally, the threat is vanquished and the status quo is restored.

As Szczek pointed out in his analysis of the movie Jaws, this is how certain forms of ideology work.

For instance, Nazi ideology.

First, you have the ideal and healthy social organism, the nation -state.

The reason people are clearly unhappy is not because of some problem within the parasite,

for example, people of other ethnicities.

This narrative functions in two ways.

First of all, it is appealing to people because it allows them to structure the world in a very simple way.

While typically one would have innumerable fears, such as unemployment, abstract exploitation, loss of meaning and identity,

instability, this ideological narrative allows one to trade all of those elusive and abstract fears into one concrete fear only.

because rather than addressing internal problems that the system has, it encourages people to focus on some kind of external threat.

Clive Barker in his works of fiction, as well as Bataille in his theoretical works, actively fight against this kind of narrative.

Bataille talks, for example, of how one responds to works of philosophy

that threaten one's established system of thought and transgresses certain bounds, for example Nietzsche or Marquis de Sade.

One response is to simply reject it.

transgressive, too foreign for us.

It is therefore dangerous and must be dismissed, abolished, ignored, or vanquished." Another response is to first neutralize it and then accept it.

Deprive it of everything that is different about it and then internalize it.

Think for example of Martin Luther King, Jr. During his life, American state authorities and certain media outlets took the first route,

simply rejecting him as the second route.

They neutralized him, started remembering him and teaching about him, but only after stripping away almost everything that was radical about him,

thereby accepting him into the existing system.

This happens in many other ways too, for instance when certain figures become commodified or turn into aesthetic fixtures.

Or for instance like in my video on world music, traditional music from other countries is commercially introduced but only after being

Both of these ways of treating the other are equally faulty, because they refuse to accept what may be different, but at the same time valid about the other,

and in this way protects the status quo, whether it's a political system, an ideology, or some system of concepts.

Bataille, just like Clive Barker himself, suggests a third way.

We should note and even emphasize what's different about the other, while neither neutralizing it nor rejecting it, and being open to the ways in which it might change the status quo.

be a difficult thing to do.

It requires facing that which might make us uncomfortable without looking away.

If for instance Bataille's ideas about transgressing taboos make you a bit uncomfortable, that's exactly what Bataille would have wanted.

He wouldn't have wanted to be simply neutralized and made harmless, but to be a source of change in our thinking.

This is how the Cenobites should be viewed.

They can't be reduced to villainous monsters.

as well as that which is socially unaccepted within us.

It is made clear that the Cenobites themselves were once human, and that they do not actively seek out victims, but only come when they are summoned by a person's desire.

It is not.

and It's all awesome.

you It is desire.

This is a principle that was abandoned in the third film, but only because Clive Barker was no longer working on it.

In this way, Hellraiser invites us to confront that which is different within us, even that which we ourselves would sometimes like to reject.

This kind of transgression is a big topic in Bataille's works.

He talks about the way in which transgression and taboo are not straightforwardly opposed.

They in fact reinforce each other.

When we explicitly think of it as forbidden, it becomes alluring, mysterious, and inviting.

This can be seen in many instances, whether it's a child taking pleasure in using a swear word forbidden by one's parents, or an act of love that society deems unacceptable.

In this way, the taboo reinforces the desire for the breaking of that very taboo.

At the same time, taboos themselves are only possible if we also have transgressions that sometimes cross those taboos.

murder functions on the basis of that same taboo being regularly broken, such as human sacrifice in ancient societies,

or the death penalty in war in contemporary ones.

And once again, this is how the Cenobites work.

The reason they are so alluring is because of the taboos that they at once break and reinforce.

And the primary way in which they do this is through what Bataille calls "limit experiences".

Let me explain this subject with a pretty shocking starting point.

disturbing.

One day, Bataille was shown a photograph of Lingqi, also known as "Death by a Thousand Cuts".

That is the Chinese method of torture where one's body is slowly cut into pieces.

This photograph was a public instance of Lingqi, a man being tortured surrounded by a large crowd.

How did Bataille respond to this image?

He hung it on his wall and often looked at it throughout the years.

Sometimes just stared at it.

Why?

Well, not just because he has major problems, although probably that too, but because he saw it as an extreme example of a limit experience.

He was intrigued by the shocking and disturbing way in which the face of the victim seemed almost ecstatic.

In Bataille's own words at the site of this photograph,

"What burst upon me was the fact that these two complete contrasts were identical." divine ecstasy and extreme horror.

That's what a limit experience is.

A kind of extreme experience in which we are taken to the limits of our being.

Where boundaries are broken down, such as the boundary between pain and pleasure, anguish and ecstasy.

And this is exactly the experience that Hellraiser focuses on.

"Explorers in the further regions of experience.

Demons to some, angels to others." In fact, one can even see a similarity between the face of the victim of Link -Chi

and Frank in the movie as he is being torn apart by hooks.

It is the paradoxical nature of joy and passion that Bataille was interested in.

The aforementioned paradoxical relationship between taboo and transgression, but also the paradoxical nature of the highest pleasures.

in things even more when we risked something for them, when they are also a source of danger for us.

And what interested Bataille is that, because of this, the height of pleasure is not just pure pleasure, but pleasure intermixed with danger, fear, or pain.

A passionate experience of joy that at the same time risks to destroy us.

Such experiences for Bataille are philosophically interesting because they lead us to the boundaries of our thinking, at which language breaks down

and the limitations of our thought are He himself wanted to live at the edge of such limits,

even going so far as to form a secret society called Asifal with some acquaintances

and offering himself up as a sacrificial victim in it.

Although no one wanted to adopt the role of executioner.

It opens doors.

100

What kind of doors?

101

Doors to the pleasures of heaven or hell.

102

I didn't care which.

103

I thought I'd gone to the limits.

104

I hadn't.

105

The Cenobites gave me an experience beyond the limits.

106

Pain and pleasure.

107

"Indivisible." Bataille often compared such transgressive experiences at the same time to religious experiences, and for understandable reasons.

108

Think for example of the ascetic who purposefully deprive themselves of food

109

and test their body to the point where their suffering meets divine ecstasy in a mystic experience.

110

An experience that takes them to the limit of thought, and thereby becomes also an experience of revelation.

111

Think also of the way that angels are portrayed in the Bible.

112

They are often not simply attractive humans with wings, as is portrayed in Neutralized Christianity, in which everything transgressive about it is stripped away.

113

Instead, cherubs are winged lions, while seraphim are six -winged snakes.

114

And take Ezekiel's vision of God, which is almost like a monster from a work of cosmic horror.

115

They are not merely pleasant human figures there to affirm our beliefs.

116

Instead, like the Cenobites, they take us to the limit of our thought, and in their radical difference, make our boundaries less stable.

117

It is no wonder then that just as in Bataille's work, religious experiences are related to limit experiences, the Cenobites also have religious connotations.

118

Not just their ritualistic behavior, but also the name Cenobite itself, which means a member of a monastic community, and the fact that their world has a god.

119

This religious connotation is then contrasted, while at the same time strengthened by, their sadomasochism and their fetishistic leather clothes.

120

The familiar and the taboo here, in intersect.

121

But of course, you do not have to be tortured to reach a limit experience.

122

Such experiences can be found in many other sources, whether it's art, eroticism, religion, or perhaps substance use.

123

You might have already thought of certain forms of fetishism, for example, where pain and pleasure become indistinguishable, leading to new forms of pleasure that we can uncover.

124

This is where eroticism is also connected to art.

125

Both are activities in which we can into an object of affirmation, and thereby encounter limit experiences.

126

Just like Hellraiser, Bataille connects eroticism even to death, as both the encounter of death and the sexual encounter destabilize our boundaries.

127

For instance, the boundaries between one person and another.

128

In Hellraiser, the breaking of such boundaries is symbolized by the literal transfiguration of the human body.

129

In his book The Accursed Chair, Volume 2, Bataille says that "eroticism is contrary expenditure is contrary to acquisition.

130

Our self -assertion in the social sphere is always tied to behavior aimed at growth.

131

But in the fever of sexual passion, we behave in a contrary fashion.

132

We expend our forces without counting, and we lose substantial amounts of energy without restraint and without gain.

133

Sensual pleasure is so closely connected with ruination that we have named the moment of its paroxysm: "la petite mort".

134

The last phrase to the sensation in which the orgasm is likened to death,

135

or an anticipation of death, in which we experience a moment of losing ourselves.

136

So, this paradoxical connection between sex and death that Hellraiser explores has been felt by many people in different ways throughout history.

137

But this quote mentions another interesting notion that pervades Bataille's philosophy: the distinction between acquisition and expenditure.

138

In our daily lives, we try to acquire energy and resources, try to view everything in terms of utility.

139

This is the world of profane things.

140

However, during a limited experience, at the height of passionate art, sex, or celebration, we let ourselves go.

141

We forget acquisition and waste resources with no expectation of return or gain.

142

This is the sacred world, in which we escape from the servitude of utility and a firm life itself.

143

One of the things Bataille found distasteful about contemporary life is the way in which everything must be justified in

144

being given a number in cost and benefit analysis done by corporations.

145

However, during a moment of pure expenditure, of pure wastefulness, we engage in an act for its own sake.

146

And so, if one asks what the purpose of the Cenobites is, what utility they serve, the answer might be precisely that they do not have any utility.

147

Their purpose is the pure expenditure of energy, the elimination of surplus energy.

148

And this is precisely where their sacredness comes from.

149

Perhaps, to an us in a very mild way closer to limit experiences, where that which we find horrifying,

150

repulsive, or disgusting, at the same time attracts us, fascinates us, even entertains us.

151

For a battalion, that's probably what a good horror movie should do.

152

First of all, it should not simply treat the monster as an invading force threatening an otherwise healthy and ideal system,

153

nor as something to be simply neutralized and ingested, but something at the boundary between the two.

154

and perhaps already residing at the limits of our thought, threatening our comfortable ways of conceptualizing things.

155

At the same time, such a horror movie would bring us closer to a limit experience, perhaps even a revaluation of our values and our perceptions of difference in horror.

156

As the media scholar Henry Jenkins says, "The best artists working in the horror genre don't just want to provoke horror or revulsion,

157

they want to slowly reshape our sensibilities, erotically desirable.

158

And further, representing the monstrous gives popular artists a chance to move beyond conventional modes of representation,

159

to imagine alternative forms of sensuality and perception, and to invert or transform dominant ideological assumptions.

160

And this is why it is wrong to exclude Clive Barker from discussions of queer cinema.

161

Hellraiser reaches the extreme core of what it is to encounter difference, while neither rejecting it nor neutralizing it.

162

To suicide to be eradicated, but something that uncovers the limits of our thought and shakes us out of our prejudices,

163

forces us to look at things with new eyes.

164

So, that was my Halloween video.

165

I hope you enjoyed and I'd like to, of course, thank my patrons.

166

There's so many of them at this point

167

that this might be the last video in which I'll be able to read out all of them.

168

And I'm sorry for any mispronounced names.

169

Mani Hamidi, Lucy Pearson, D'Saan, Esketix, Alex Wenberg, Jinwoo Lee, Red Panda Meat, Alexander Gilnitsky,

170

Mall Cops are Bastards, Keith Braynon Georg Hegan,

171

Galileo, Butt Johnson, Philip Dobrovski, Peggy Leonard, Bongo Teeth Running,

172

Johan Stridsman, Royal Boo, William Kearney Richardson, Dilveny Thomas, Edwin Camarena, I will not give you my full name,

173

Joseph Ullman, Simon Peter, Sebastian Roll, Genesis Chavares, Igor Darkkiller228, Ka Elbaba Jones,

174

Alexander Sepp, Daniel Grimmer, Evan Hill, Timpy, uh, Shimin Quang, Simulacral, Irene Adler, Maxwell Kopelman, John O 'Brien,

175

Eric Goldman, Always Your Comrade, Matt Hutchinson, Do You Know Psy, Anton Gula, I Didn't Enjoy Bard College,

176

Alan Jensen, Some Kind of Deviated Prevert, I always thought this said pervert but it's actually prevert,

177

Marshall Lorden, Christopher, Simon Scholl Jacobson, Michael Q.

178

Warnock, Josh Bowling, Stephen Hicks and the Gaius Gracchus,

179

Trevor Stevenson, Evie Roske, Nathaniel Lark, Koba, Dunning -Kruger Posterchild, Brian J.

180

Knuckles, Haley Husk, A pronounceable name, Sean Oscar, Bad Dreams, Sean Brocklehurst,

181

Ben Kalzicki, Nikolai Lissak, Eric Coronado, Tom Marino, Mary of Magdala, Comfy Ackerman, Ilya Pipa, Jason Bourne,

182

Aperture413, Criminally Vulgar, Kato Last, Azzy The Mazzy, Donald E.

183

Strong Jr., Noah Trenson, Trappolino, Cancer Pigeons, Simon Cook, Yavin Arba, Ark Stanton, Space Mile, Pistol Pete,

184

Steven Z, Aidan Williams, Elizabeth Ward, Joseph Patrone, Bad Horn Choir, Quantum Computation, Rooftop Korean, Industrial Robot,

185

Kelly Rankin, John Drumm, No, Jinsu Ahn, Jibbering Idiot, Kerry, Juan Chavez, Tim Ormar, Numu,

186

Andrew Burns, Dee Lang, Sina B, Isabel Abdullali, Robert Phillips, Indies123, John Beadles, and Susie Oh.

187

Thank you.

✨ 추천 영상

250 문장

이 비디오로 영어 회화 연습하면 좋은 이유

유튜브 영어 공부를 하며 실제 토론에서 자주 쓰이는 복잡한 주제를 다루는 건 IELTS 스피킹 준비에 큰 도움입니다! 이 비디오는 "공포 영화의 이데올로기" "트랜스그레시브 문학" 같은 심도 있는 주제를 논하므로, 논리적 표현과 추상적 개념 설명 능력을 기를 수 있어요. 특히 쉐도잉을 하면 자연스러운 말하기 리듬과 어휘 다양성을 키울 수 있는데, 이는 영어 회화 연습에서 빠질 수 없는 요소입니다. 빠른 속도로 이야기하는 스피커의 발화를 따라하기만 해도 발음과 유창성이 급격히 향상돼요!

문맥 속 문법 & 표현

"tend to be": "공포 소설은 보수적이라는 경향이 있다"는 뜻으로, 경향성을 표현할 때 자주 사용됩니다. 예: "People tend to avoid uncomfortable topics." (사람들은 불편한 주제를 피하는 경향이 있다.)
"trade A into B": "A를 B로 바꾸다"는 의미로, 추상적인 개념을 구체화할 때 유용합니다. 비디오에서 "수많은 두려움을 하나의 구체적인 두려움으로 바꾼다"고 사용되었죠. 예: "She traded her anxiety into motivation." (그녀는 불안을 동기로 바꿨다.)
"strip away": "빼앗다, 제거하다"는 뜻으로, 본질을 제외한 것을 없앨 때 사용됩니다. "Martin Luther King의 급진적인 부분을 제거하다"고 표현되었습니다. 예: "The movie stripped away the original story's depth." (그 영화는 원작의 깊이를 제거했다.)

발음의 함정

영어 발음 교정에 주의해야 할 단어들이 있어요! "Cenobites"는 [세노바이트]가 아니라 [시노바이트]로 발음해야 하며, "transgressive"는 [트랜스그레시브]가 아니라 [트랜스그레시브] (g가 약하게 발음됨)입니다. 또한 스피커는 "ideology"를 [아이디올로기]가 아닌 [아이디올로지]로 발음하는데, 이는 미국식 발음의 특징입니다. 쉐도잉을 할 때 이런 세부 사항을 주의하면 자연스러운 발음을 익힐 수 있습니다. 특히 빠른 속도에서도 명확하게 발음하는 연습이 중요하니, 반복해서 따라해보세요!

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	be treated · must be banished · is introduced
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	I've created · has read · have named
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	that which is · God, which is · itself, which means

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

섀도잉 방법: 단계별 전체 가이드 읽기 →

쉐도잉 연습: Hellraiser, Bataille and Limit Experiences - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

When A Movie Hides That It's A Horror Film

Husserl: Phenomenology and the Life World

The Powers of Horror Exploring Julia Kristeva’s Theory of Abjection

You’ll stop using ChatGPT after listening to this | Jonathan Pageau [ARC 2026]

La rebeldía, según Albert Camus

Ronnie James Dio talks religion

Why Did Hitler Hate Jews

When Pleasure Becomes Your God - Jordan Peterson

The Dangerous Myth Of The #Girlboss

stop running away from reality.

it's okay to love bad people.

The Origins of Folk Horror

이 비디오로 영어 회화 연습하면 좋은 이유

문맥 속 문법 & 표현

발음의 함정

이 영상의 문법

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법