쉐도잉 연습: How to Terraform Mars - WITH LASERS - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
1
Mars is a disappointing hellhole lacking practically everything we need to stay alive.
2
It looks like we'll only ever have small crews spend a miserable time hidden underground.
3
Except we could terraform it into a green, new world.
4
But to solve the planet's problems, we first need to make it worse and turn it into oceans of lava with gigantic lasers.
5
This isn't a far -fetched science fiction tale.
6
If humanity solves some of its pressing problems and ventures into space to expand into the solar system, this may not be that far off.
7
Okay, so how do we terraform Mars quickly?
8
Well, it's complicated.
9
Mars is dry and has no soil to grow anything.
10
Its atmosphere is too thin to breathe or protect us from radiation, giving you a high risk of cancer.
11
So to turn it into a new home for humanity, we have to give it a proper atmosphere similar to Earth's.
12
It should be made of 21 % oxygen, 79 % nitrogen and a tiny bit of CO2, as an average temperature of 14 degrees Celsius and under one bar of pressure.
13
fertile soil to host living things.
14
Then we need to install a biosphere on the surface, and prevent it all from being undone by installing protective measures that can stand the test of time.
15
It is difficult, but a big laser makes it a lot easier.
16
Challenge 1: The atmosphere.
17
Some 4 billion years ago, Mars had a nice oxygen -rich atmosphere and was home to vast oceans and rivers.
18
It held onto it for several hundred million years before it got blown away.
19
Ultraviolet rays broke down the atmospheric gases and then the oceans until they were swept away by solar wind.
20
Today, Mars is a dry, barren wasteland.
21
Luckily, a sizeable portion of the water is frozen in deep reservoirs and in the polar ice caps,
22
And enormous amounts of oxygen are bound as minerals in the Martian rocks, like the oxygen in the iron oxides that give the planet its rust red color,
23
as well as carbon dioxide in carbonates.
24
To free these gases, we need to reverse the reactions that lock them away by using thermolysis, which occurs at temperatures as high as on the surface of the Sun.
25
In short, we want to melt the surface of Mars.
26
The best way to do that would be to put lasers in orbit, aiming their beams down on Mars.
27
is the ELI -NP, able to produce beams of 10 petawatts of power for a trillionth of a second.
28
To melt Mars we need a laser twice as powerful that runs continuously.
29
The easiest way is to use a solar -pumped laser that can be powered directly with sunlight.
30
At its core are metal -infused glass rods that absorb energy and release it as a laser beam.
31
If we build an array of mirrors in space about 11 times the size of the United States, we can focus enough sunlight Let's do it!
32
As the lasers hit the surface, about 750 kilograms of oxygen and some carbon dioxide emerge from every cubic meter of rock melted.
33
If we are efficient, our lasers only need to melt through the top 8 meters of the surface to get enough oxygen.
34
It would look terrifying.
35
The skies would be shrouded in storms, while the ground would glow red -hot, criss -crossed by currents of lava.
36
Tireless laser beams sweep over the landscape, leaving trails too bright to look at.
37
After they pass, the ground cools quickly.
38
A strange snow falls.
39
The ashes from all the elements that solidify as they cool down, like silicon and iron.
40
Mars is still a cold planet at this point.
41
A happy side effect of this inferno is
42
that all the water in the polar ice caps and even deep underground rises into the sky as hot steam, forming clouds that rain down over the entire planet.
43
They would wash out the nastier gases from the atmosphere like chlorine, and carry away harmful elements that accumulated on the surface.
44
In the end, they would form shallow oceans, saltier than on Earth.
45
We might need to do an extra clean -up afterwards.
46
It would take about 50 years of continuous lasering to create our oxygen atmosphere.
47
We could use this opportunity to dig deeper in some places to create the basins for salty oceans
48
or rivers and spare some landmark features like Olympus Mons and Valles Marineris.
49
We're not done though.
50
The resulting atmosphere is nearly 100 % oxygen and only 0 .2 bar.
51
It's hard to breathe and very flammable.
52
To make it similar to Earth and a lot safer, which Mars is sadly lacking.
53
We have to import it.
54
The ideal source is Titan, a large moon of Saturn, covered in a thick atmosphere that's almost entirely nitrogen.
55
We just have to move 3 ,000 trillion tons from the outer solar system to Mars.
56
While that's not easy, it is doable.
57
To process that much of Titan's atmosphere, we have to construct giant automated factories on its surface, powered by our lasers, to suck in the atmosphere and compress it into a liquid.
58
This gets bullet -shaped tanks, which a mass driver shoots all the way to the red planet, where they explode and mix with the oxygen.
59
We've already been able to send individual missions to Saturn in just a few years.
60
With enough resources, it should be possible to complete the task within two generations.
61
Of course, it would be much more convenient to have nitrogen left over from terraforming Venus on the site.
62
We explained this in detail in another video.
63
So, about a century after the start of the terraforming process, we have a breathable atmosphere that has the right gases.
64
If the liberated CO2 isn't enough to warm it up to temperatures we can stand, we just add some super greenhouse gases.
65
Mars at this point resembles a black marble from all the cooling lava, spotted with growing oceans and red patches where the old surface remains untouched.
66
It's still a wasteland, no better than a desert on Earth.
67
to fill it with life.
68
Challenge 2: Biosphere.
69
Installing a biosphere on a new planet is very difficult.
70
Unexpected interactions between species or sudden diseases can destabilize it to the point of collapse.
71
We would probably begin by seeding our young oceans with phytoplankton.
72
Without competition, it would bloom rapidly, filling up the oceans to become the bottom of an aquatic food chain.
73
Life on land is harder.
74
Plants need nutrient -filled ground to sink their roots into, but most of the surface is the congealed remains of lava and ash.
75
We could wait for thousands of years for water and wind to grind it down into finer sands, or try to do it manually.
76
But we want to be quick, and we have a big laser.
77
Turning the beam on and off in rapid succession would cause the ground to quickly heat up and contract, which breaks it into smaller and smaller pieces.
78
and you get a sort of dark mud.
79
Into this mud we can mix fungi and nitrogen fixing bacteria.
80
They're able to absorb nitrogen and convert it into nitrate compounds to feed plants.
81
The first plants we want to bring are native to volcanic
82
islands on Earth since they're perfectly suited to the laser -blasted Martian landscape.
83
Eventually the enriched mud becomes the foundation for grasslands and forests.
84
In Mars's lower gravity trees can become very tall very fast.
85
Their roots gather the nutrients they need and then dig deeper to turn more rocks into soil, forming a self -sustaining ecosystem.
86
At this point, we can slowly introduce more plant varieties, insects and animals.
87
Not mosquitoes, though.
88
The new biosphere needs to be maintained to prevent it from falling out of balance.
89
If plants grow too quickly and absorb too much carbon dioxide, the planet cools down too much.
90
If key species die out, we could see Other species would move in to fill the void,
91
but our Martian biosphere is not as flexible.
92
It takes hundreds if not thousands of years before Mars becomes a stable environment.
93
But eventually the planet will have the potential to sustain large human colonies.
94
With air, water and food available, we can finally call Mars, black, blue and green, our home.
95
A giant volcanic island in space.
96
Will it last though?
97
See? the long -term future.
98
There is a problem we haven't addressed.
99
Mars' core does not produce a magnetic field, so it doesn't have enough protection from solar radiation or cosmic rays.
100
This becomes dangerous for the long -term health of Martian populations.
101
So, as a final step, we need an artificial magnetic field.
102
It doesn't have to be huge like Earth's, it just needs to deflect the solar wind enough so that it doesn't touch Mars.
103
solar wind to the sides.
104
A big superconducting ring powered by nuclear facilities is all it takes.
105
It would orbit at the Mars Sun L1 point, keeping it constantly in between the Sun and Mars, and protect the new atmosphere.
106
And that's it.
107
Terraforming Mars would take some work, hefty resources, and probably a century or ten,
108
but it would be the first time we've lived in a home designed and shaped solely by us and for us.
109
A first step towards our future among the stars.
110
Welcome to the Kurzgesagt Lab.
111
Let's conduct a few stellar experiments.
112
We'll first add some more mass to this protostar.
113
More.
114
A bit more.
115
Wow, we've just created a blue giant, a star with ten times the mass of our Sun.
116
Let's now add a couple of million years and see what happens.
117
A supernova.
118
Breathtaking.
119
And look, it leaves behind a black hole.
120
Fascinating stuff.
121
Record our findings.
122
Be careful to preserve the sparkle.
123
It's now time for Duck's final inspection.
124
This one is always a nail -biter.
125
He has incredibly high standards.
126
Lucky for us our work is scientifically accurate, offers an overview of important astrophysical processes, and is a real stunner.
127
Duck approves.
128
Looks like it's ready to be shared with the world as a poster.
129
A very special piece of Kurzgesagt you can take home and touch.
130
You can get this very special poster along with many other sciencey
131
and spacey things created with love and care from our shop.
132
Every Kurzgesagt product you buy directly funds another moment we get to spend working on our videos.
133
Thank you so much for being a part of our story and for making this channel possible you -
📺 같은 채널
C1118
Can Earth Run Out of Water?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1103
Could Humans Evolve Flight?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1544
What If You Never Slept?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
Your Skeleton Is Electric
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C17
3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Terrible! 2/3
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
Your Brain on Magic Mushrooms
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B23
Would You Upload Your Mind?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C164
What the Flu Does to Your Body
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
What Is Life? Is Death Real?
University StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Is War Over? — A Paradox Explained
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C15
How ADHD Medication Works
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
The Most Complex Language in the World
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1757
How Stress Changes Your Brain
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B25
Let’s Steal a New Moon
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
What Happens AFTER Nuclear War?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Awesome! 3/3
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
Why Ebola Keeps Coming Back
University StudentsWorking Adults
B252
Can We Stop the Extinction?
University StudentsWorking Adults
B26
YOU Own the Moon. And Mars. And Venus.
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1209
The True Cost of War
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
✨ 추천 영상
C13
155 문장
How To Terraform Venus (Quickly)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
114 문장
There's a Giant Hole In Earth's History
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B23
140 문장
Mars Used to Be Blue... Then Something Happened
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
530 문장
Human Immortality 4K | Can Science Defeat Aging?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B218
41 문장
Unit 6: Living on Mars
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C126
62 문장
The use of soil to reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-4
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C16
219 문장
"This is where I'd put my flight 13 footage..." | SpaceX Starbase
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
71 문장
Space Exploration – Beyond Our Planet
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C15
28 문장
How to Blow Up the Earth - Nuclear Engineer Reacts to Zack D. Films
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B226 문장
China Wrapped Entire Mountains in Solar Panels — And That's Just the Start
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
215 문장
Joe & Matt Walsh Go Back and Forth on the Moon Landing Conspiracy
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
맥락 및 배경
이 비디오는 화성 테라포밍을 다루고 있으며, 특히 레이저를 활용한 방법론에 대해 설명하고 있습니다. 화성은 현재 생명체가 살기 어려운 환경이지만, 일부 과학자들은 인간이 화성을 살 수 있는 지구와 같은 환경으로 만들 수 있다고 믿습니다. 이 과정에는 엄청난 자원과 시간이 필요하지만, 인류의 미래를 위해서는 필수적인 과제가 될 것입니다. 비디오에서 다루는 내용은 과학적 사실과 함께 상상력을 자극하는 요소가 결합되어 있습니다.
일상적인 커뮤니케이션을 위한 5가지 주요 표현
- "우리는 화성을 테라포밍할 수 있습니다." - 미래에 대한 긍정적인 가능성을 언급할 때 사용.
- "레이저를 사용해서 지표면을 녹입니다." - 구체적인 기술적 방법에 대해 설명할 때 유용.
- "천연 가스를 주입하여 대기를 변화시킵니다." - 복잡한 개념을 설명할 때 적합.
- "생태계를 구축하는 것은 매우 중요합니다." - 생명체의 중요성을 강조할 때 사용.
- "자원을 확보하는 데 시간이 필요합니다." - 프로젝트에 소요되는 시간에 대해 논의할 때 유용.
단계별 쉐도잉 가이드
이 비디오는 과학적이고 기술적인 내용을 담고 있어 처음에는 다소 어려울 수 있습니다. 하지만 shadowspeak를 활용하면 영어 회화 연습을 효과적으로 할 수 있습니다. 아래의 단계를 통해 비디오의 내용을 이해하고 따라 해보세요:
- 비디오 시청: 처음에는 전체 내용을 이해하기 위해 비디오를 한 번 시청하세요.
- 구간 나누기: 비디오를 짧은 구간으로 나누어 각 부분을 반복적으로 들어보세요. 각 구간이 끝날 때마다 멈추고 내용을 요약해보세요.
- 쉐도잉 연습: 각 구간의 내용을 들으면서 비슷한 속도로 따라 말해보세요. 발음과 억양을 집중해야 합니다.
- 내용 복습: 비디오 시청 후, 배운 표현들을 일상 대화에 자연스럽게 섞어서 사용해보세요.
- 피드백 받기: 가능합니다면, 친구나 선생님에게 피드백을 요청하여 자신이 개선할 점을 찾아보세요.
이러한 과정을 통해 영어 쉐도잉 실력을 향상시키고, 이해도를 높일 수 있습니다. 유튜브 영어 공부를 통해 복잡한 주제를 다루며도 영어 회화를 자신감 있게 구사할 수 있게 될 것입니다.
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | should be made · were swept · is frozen |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | We've already been · haven't addressed · we've lived |
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.