쉐도잉 연습: Modal Verbs - How to Use Must, Have to and Should - English Grammar Lesson - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
연습 모드 선택
각 모드는 전체 화면 연습실로 열립니다.
130 문장
문장이 너무 짧거나 길면 Edit를 눌러 조정하세요.
1
Hi, I'm Kasia.
2
Welcome to Oxford Online English.
3
In this lesson, you can learn about the modal verbs must, have to and should.
4
Do you know the difference between 'must', 'have to' and 'should'?
5
English learners often mix up these three verbs.
6
In this lesson, you can learn how to use must, have to and should correctly in English.
7
Must and have to are both used to talk about obligations: things you cannot choose not to do.
8
For example: We must talk to her before she leaves.
9
I have to go into work early tomorrow.
10
If you say, We must talk to her before she leaves, you mean that you think this is very important, and you need to do it.
11
When you say, I have to go into work early tomorrow, you mean that you have no choice.
12
These are both obligations, but they’re slightly different.
13
Can you see how they’re different?
14
The first obligation is more personal, which is why you use must.
15
You feel that it’s necessary and important to talk to her before she leaves.
16
The obligation comes from you and your feelings.
17
What about have to?
18
The second obligation is more situational, which is why you use have to.
19
It’s necessary to go into work early tomorrow, maybe because you have to meet a client, or you have some important work to finish.
20
The obligation comes from the situation, not from you.
21
Let’s see some more examples: I must pay him back like I promised.
22
--> You made a promise, and now it’s important to you personally to keep your promise and pay him back.
23
He has to do a lot of homework every week.
24
--> He needs to do a lot of homework because the school gives him a lot of homework.
25
It’s rare to use must to talk about obligations in spoken English.
26
Native English speakers use have to much more in conversation.
27
However, you can use must to talk about obligations in formal or written English.
28
For example: All passengers must have a valid ticket.
29
Candidates must arrive no later than five minutes before the scheduled start time.
30
Want an easy answer to this?
31
Here’s an easy answer: use have to when you speak.
32
Using must to talk about obligations can sound very formal and strange in spoken English.
33
If you use have to when you speak, you’ll never be wrong!
34
You can use must to talk about obligations in your written English if you’re writing something more formal.
35
This doesn’t mean that you won’t hear must in conversation; actually, you’ll hear it a lot.
36
Why is this?
37
Didn’t we just tell you not to use must in spoken English?
38
It’s because must has many other meanings, too.
39
Using must to talk about obligations is rare in spoken English, but you can use it for many other things.
40
Okay, you’ve seen how must and have to are different.
41
What about mustn’t and don’t have to?
42
Wait, what?
43
We just talked about must and have to.
44
Isn’t this the same?
45
Not at all.
46
Must and have to aren’t exactly the same, but they are quite similar.
47
However, the negatives—mustn’t and don’t have to—are completely different.
48
Look at two sentences: Visitors must not touch the paintings.
49
You don’t have to be here before ten.
50
Can you tell the difference?
51
Must not means that something is forbidden.
52
You are not allowed to do this.
53
If you’re in a museum, and the sign says Visitors must not touch the paintings, then don’t touch the paintings!
54
Don’t have to means that something is not necessary.
55
You can choose to do something or not.
56
If we have plans, and I tell you, You don’t have to be here before ten, then you can be here before ten if you want.
57
You can come at nine, at eight, or whenever you want.
58
It’s your choice.
59
Let’s see some more examples: Passengers must not talk to the driver while the bus is moving.
60
--> It’s forbidden to talk to the driver while the bus is moving; you aren’t allowed to do this.
61
You don’t have to finish it today.
62
--> You can finish it today if you want to, but you can also leave it until later if you want.
63
It’s your choice.
64
Like must, must not is more common in formal or written English.
65
In spoken English, it’s more common to use can’t.
66
For example, you might see a sign saying: Mobile phones must not be used while driving.
67
But, if you were talking, you’d probably say: You can’t use your phone while you’re driving.
68
On the other hand, don’t have to is common in both spoken and written English.
69
So now you’ve seen the difference between must and have to, but what about should?
70
Remember that must and have to can be used to talk about obligations.
71
Should is different.
72
You use should to give advice or express your opinion.
73
For example: You should go to bed earlier.
74
Then you wouldn’t feel so tired all the time.
75
--> This is my advice.
76
I think it’s better for you to do this, but it isn’t necessary.
77
It’s not an obligation, so you still have a choice.
78
He should do more work if he wants to get promoted.
79
--> This is my opinion.
80
I don’t think he needs to do it, and I don’t necessarily care if he does this or not.
81
You can’t use should to talk about obligations or rules.
82
When you say, You should… You mean that the person has a choice.
83
You’re giving your opinion or some advice.
84
However, must can also be used to give advice.
85
For example: You must try the fish.
86
It’s delicious!
87
Actually, you can also use have to to give advice.
88
You could also say: You have to try the fish.
89
It’s delicious!
90
Can you tell the difference between using should to give advice, and using must or have to?
91
Giving advice with must or have to is stronger and more emphatic than giving advice with should.
92
If you say: You should try the fish.
93
This sounds quite neutral, but if you say: You must try the fish!
94
Or, You have to try the fish!
95
These sound much stronger.
96
You’re more excited about what you’re saying.
97
You really like that fish!
98
So, you can use must, have to or should to give advice or express opinions.
99
Using must or have to expresses stronger feelings than just using should.
100
However, if you want to give negative advice, only shouldn’t is possible.
101
For example: You shouldn’t eat so much chocolate at once—you’ll make yourself sick!
102
You shouldn’t take the job unless you’re sure it’s what you want.
103
In negative sentences, you can only use shouldn’t to give advice or express your opinion.
104
You can’t use mustn’t or don’t have to with this meaning.
105
At this point, you’ve seen how to use must, have to and should to talk about obligations or advice.
106
Let’s put everything together by comparing all three verbs.
107
Use must for: Obligations you feel strongly about: I must remember to send him a birthday card.
108
Obligations in formal, written English: All employees must wash hands.
109
Strong advice: You must read it—it’s an amazing story!
110
Saying something is forbidden, if you use mustn’t: Children must not be left unattended.
111
Remember that mustn’t or must not are more formal, and in spoken English it’s more common to say can’t.
112
Next, what about have to?
113
You use have to for: Obligations which depend on rules or circumstances: I have to wear glasses because I can’t see so clearly.
114
Most obligations in spoken English: Do you have to work tomorrow?
115
Saying something is not necessary: You don’t have to do this if you don’t want to.
116
Strong advice: You have to try this ice cream!
117
Using have to for strong advice sounds more conversational than using must.
118
Finally, should.
119
You can use should for: Giving advice: You should try once more—I’m sure you can get it.
120
Giving negative advice: You shouldn’t work so hard.
121
Take a break sometimes!
122
Giving your opinion: If they make us work overtime, they should pay us for it.
123
One last point: these three verbs can also be used to talk about probability and certainty.
124
In this video, we focused on talking about obligations and giving advice, but these verbs can also be used in other ways.
125
So now you’ve seen how to use must, have to and should in different ways.
126
Want more practice with this topic?
127
Check out the full lesson on our website: Oxford Online English.com.
128
You can read the script and practice with a quiz.
129
Thanks for watching!
130
See you next time!
앱 다운로드
유창하게 말하는 데 필요한 모든 것
AI 발음 평가문장마다 점수 확인
IPA 발음 연습모든 소리 마스터
단어 학습나만의 단어장 만들기
단어 게임놀면서 외우기
같은 채널
B11
How To Read Dates In English - Spoken English Lesson
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B1Present Simple Verb Form in English - English Verb Tenses
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
A21
Clothes Shopping in English - Spoken English Lesson
Travel EnglishDaily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
IELTS Speaking Exam - How to Do Part Three of the IELTS Speaking Test
IELTS PrepUniversity Students
B22
English Job Interview Tips and Tricks - How to Answer Job Interview Questions in English
Interview EnglishWorking Adults
B110
How to Order Coffee in English - Spoken English Lesson
British AccentTravel EnglishDaily ConversationWorking Adults
B111
English Sentence Structure - English Grammar Lesson
British AccentCambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B12
How to Feel Less Shy Speaking English - Improve English Speaking Confidence Now!
British AccentInterview EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B124
How to Talk About Your Free Time and Hobbies in English - Spoken English Lesson
British AccentTeensDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B27
How to Talk About Your Studies in English - Learn Spoken English
British AccentIELTS PrepInterview EnglishDaily Conversation
B111
How to Describe a Picture in English - Spoken English Lesson
British AccentCambridge Exam PrepDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B17
Cambridge B1 Preliminary Speaking Exam - How to Do Parts 1-2
British AccentCambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B1125
Talking About Your Family in English - Spoken English Lesson
British AccentTeensDaily ConversationHigh School Students
C15
8 Essential English Phrases for Conversation - Improve Conversation Skills
British AccentDaily Conversation
B22
Talking About Likes and Dislikes in English - Spoken English Lesson
British AccentDaily Conversation
C116
How to Talk About TV Shows in English - Spoken English Lesson
British AccentDaily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
20 Office Expressions to Describe Your Workplace - Visual Vocabulary
British AccentBusiness EnglishWorking Adults
B12
Adverbs in English - Learn All About English Adverbs
British AccentDaily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B11
Cambridge B1 Preliminary Speaking Exam - How to Do Parts 3-4
British AccentCambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B17
Future in English - How to Talk about the Future
British AccentDaily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
FOR YOU
추천 영상
B11
105 문장
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐BEST grammar lesson EVER!! | must, have, had better, should, ought to | Steve Ford
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B22
184 문장
English Modal Verbs - May, Might, Could, Can - Talking About Possibilities
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B15
176 문장
"I went" vs "have gone" - Know the difference!
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B11
626 문장
How to Use Could, Would & Should in Real English Conversations
Business EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B15
54 문장
Make or Do? Learn English for FREE with Lucy!
British AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B19
208 문장
How to Talk About Transport and Driving in English - Spoken English Lesson
British AccentTravel EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B15
160 문장
English Speaking Lesson (Making Requests In English!)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B26
275 문장
Upper-Intermediate Phrases (B1 + B2) You Definitely Need to Know
Business EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B17
73 문장
Things You Should NEVER Say in English Small Talk (Don't Make These Mistakes!)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B12
43 문장
How to discuss a topic in a group
Business EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B11
13 문장
When to use SHALL in English
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B12
172 문장
How to improve English speaking? | Follow these tips!
Business EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 B1 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Modal Verbs - How to Use Must, Have to and Should - English Grammar Lesson”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: obligation, advice, English, spoken, example. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 130개와 단어 1446개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 11:12입니다. 화자는 분당 약 129단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 단어의 91%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속해 어휘가 쉬운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 14개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| obligation 명사 | /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/ | 의무, 책임 |
| verb 명사 | /vɝb/ | 동사 |
| forbid 동사 | /fɚˈbɪd/ | 금지하다, 금하다 |
| homework 명사 | /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/ | 숙제 |
| leaf 명사 | /lif/ | 잎 |
| learner 명사 | /ˈlɜɹnəɹ/ | 학습자 |
| circumstance 명사 | /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/ | 상황 |
| quiz 명사 | /kwɪz/ | 퀴즈 |
| certainty 명사 | /ˈsɝtn̩ti/ | 확신 |
| overtime 명사 | /ˈoʊ.vɚˌtaɪm/ | 시간외 수당 |
| probability 명사 | /ˌpɹɑ.bəˈbɪl.ə.ti/ | 확률 |
| depend 동사 | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | 의존하다, ...에 달려 있다 |
| correctly 부사 | /kəˈɹɛk(t).li/ | 정확(正確)히 |
| neutral 형용사 | /ˈnuː.tɹəl/ | 중립의 |
따라 말해 볼 만한 문장
영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:
- Do you know the difference between 'must', 'have to' and 'should'?
- Can you see how they’re different?
- What about mustn’t and don’t have to?
- You don’t have to be here before ten.
- Can you tell the difference?
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 조건문 if + 절, will/would + 동사 — 조건과 그 결과 | if you were talking, you'd probably |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | you've seen |
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | is forbidden · are not allowed · aren't allowed |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | personal, which is · situational, which is |
주의할 발음
화자는 don't, you're, can't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 56번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: obligation /ˌɑ.blɪˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, situational /sɪtjuːˈeɪʃənəl/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, situational /sɪtjuːˈeɪʃənəl/, probability /ˌpɹɑ.bəˈbɪl.ə.ti/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: forbid /fɚˈbɪd/, leaf /lif/, emphatic /ɛmˈfætɪk/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: verb /vɝb/, conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, overtime /ˈoʊ.vɚˌtaɪm/
- /r/과 /l/ 구별하기: conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/, learner /ˈlɜɹnəɹ/, probability /ˌpɹɑ.bəˈbɪl.ə.ti/, correctly /kəˈɹɛk(t).li/, neutral /ˈnuː.tɹəl/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, obligation, verb, forbid 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.