쉐도잉 연습: The Journey of Elon Musk (Documentary) - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Here we are in the SpaceX machine shop.

When Elon Musk founded SpaceX in 2002, he only had two things going for him.

SpaceX basically consisted of carpet and a mariachi band. That’s all of SpaceX.

Well, he did have one more thing: an ambition that knew no bounds.

The sky is not the limit for Elon, whose mission is to send people to Mars.

On April 20, 2023 - humanity took one step closer to that dream.

When the world’s largest rocket, the fully reusable Starship, attempted to go into orbit for the first time.

Obviously, this isn’t a nominal situation.

Although Starship failed to reach orbit, learning from failures is Elon's approach to his career building SpaceX.

And to think he built a rocket company with just a bachelor’s degree in economics and another in physics.

Elon, who has Canadian citizenship thanks to his mother Maye, began his undergrad studies at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, three hours east of Toronto.

He chose Queen’s over Canada’s University of Waterloo, which is renowned for its engineering program, because, as he told Queen’s magazine, “there didn’t seem to be any girls (at Waterloo)! I didn’t want to spend my undergraduate time with a bunch of dudes.” After two years at Queen’s, he transferred to the University of Pennsylvania as he thought attending an Ivy League school might help him land a job in America.

The land of opportunity when it comes to tech.

Still, degrees in economics and physics weren’t enough to make him a rocket scientist.

So, Elon taught himself by devouring these books.

A habit he built as a boy, reading the entire Encyclopedia when he was only eight or nine years old.

He also absorbed knowledge from the industry’s best.

He cold-called aerospace consultant Jim Cantrell who answered while driving in his convertible with the roof down. He thought he heard Elon introduce himself as an “Internet billionaire”, as he recalled in an interview with Esquire.

Elon wasn’t quite a billionaire then, but he did score $180 million when his financial services company X.com merged with PayPal, which was bought by eBay.

He then sunk EVERYTHING into three projects: $100 million into SpaceX, $70 million into Tesla, and $10 million into solar energy company SolarCity, which later merged with Tesla.

In 2001, he planned on buying a refurbished intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) from the Russians to use as a launch vehicle.

He figured his space ambitions could start with sending some mice to Mars. When he went to Moscow to negotiate, the Russians wanted $8 million per ICBM, twice what Elon was prepared to pay.

When he countered with $8 million for two rockets, Jim Cantrell recalled in Ashlee Vance’s biography on Elon, that the Russians reportedly “‘said something like, ‘Young boy. No”.

Elon apparently “stormed out of the meeting.” On the flight home, he broke down the cost of building and launching a rocket on a spreadsheet.

He realized a modest-sized rocket that could carry smaller satellites and research payloads into space could be much less than $8 million.

So, SpaceX was born with the goal of building its own rockets.

It is an understatement to say starting a rocket company is hard.

But Elon found an ally in the godfather of rocket science, Tom Mueller.

Tom worked for the large aerospace company TRW at the time, which Northrop Grumman later acquired. He spent weekends building and firing rockets in the Mojave Desert in California as part of an amateur rocket club.

The amateur rocket scene was tight, and Tom got introduced to Elon.

Tom designed the Merlin engine that powers SpaceX’s rockets.

Merlin revolutionized spaceflight as it’s designed to be re-used.

Elon understood that the only way to open up space to everyone was to drastically cut costs by building reusable rockets.

The Falcon 9 is partially re-usable as the booster lands back on earth.

Before the Falcon 9, there was the Falcon 1.

The Falcon 1 attempted to reach orbit for the first time in March 2006.

It lasted only 41 seconds in the air before crashing due to a fuel leak.

The second attempt the following year went slightly better, but the rocket failed to reach orbit due to a chain of issues caused by an unexpected bump when the first and second stages separated.

Third time wasn’t a charm, either, as a timing error caused the two stages to collide.

Elon had run through all the money he had set aside for SpaceX.

When you had that third failure in a row, did you think, "I need to pack this in"?

Never. Why not?

I don't ever give up. I mean, I'd have to be dead or completely incapacitated.

He told his employees to keep going.

The then head of talent acquisiition at SpaceX, Dolly Singh, recalled on the question-and-answer site Quora, Elon said: “...we need to pick ourselves up, and dust ourselves off, because we have a lot of work to do. Then he said, with as much fortitude and ferocity as he could muster…“"For my part, I will never give up and I mean never,” and that if we stick with him, we will win.” “I think most of us would have followed him into the gates of hell carrying suntan oil after that. It was the most impressive display of leadership that I have ever witnessed.” While Elon tried to save SpaceX, Tesla was hanging on by a thread.

He joined Tesla in its infancy after sinking millions from his PayPal earnings and stepped into the role as the company’s board chair.

After numerous management changes, he was left in charge as CEO in late 2008 at a time when Tesla was in serious trouble.

The production of the first vehicle, the sporty Roadster, went wayyy over budget.

By October 2008, Tesla had just $9 million left to fund the company.

It was hard to convince investors to fork over millions more during the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression.

His personal life fared no better; he was going through a divorce from his first wife, Justine, with whom he shares triplets and twins.

Elon has said 2008 was the worst year of his life.

With SpaceX unable to get its rocket into orbit and Tesla nearly running out of cash, it looked like one or both of his companies would die, as he painfully recalled to Ashlee Vance: "I could either pick SpaceX or Tesla or split the money I had left between them. If I split the money, maybe both of them would die. If I gave the money to just one company, the probability of it surviving was greater, but then it would mean certain death for the other company. I debated that over and over." It was like having to choose between two children.

Perhaps his difficult childhood shaped his never-give-up mentality.

He was bullied for years when he was growing up in Pretoria, South Africa.

One day in eighth or ninth grade, he and his brother Kimbal were sitting on the top of a flight of stairs eating when a boy snuck up behind him, kicked him in the head, and shoved him down the stairs. Then a bunch of boys beat him until he blacked out.

The beating damaged his nose so severely that it restricted airflow, and he later got surgery to correct his deviated septum. His life at home was no less painful.

After his parents divorced, Elon opted to live with his father for a time.

But he told Rolling Stone that his dad Errol “...was such a terrible human being.

You have no idea. My dad will have a carefully thought-out plan of evil. He will plan evil.” Elon found comfort in coding, sometimes programming throughout the night.

At age twelve, he coded a space-themed video game called Blastar. A South African magazine published the source code and gave him $500.

The game was no marvel of computer programming, but it did hint at his underlying brilliance.

He turned his science fiction fantasies into reality when he founded SpaceX at the age of 30.

Despite three failed flight attempts, an investment from a venture capital firm made it possible for SpaceX to attempt a fourth flight.

The future of SpaceX rested on that fourth launch in 2008.

On September 28, 2008, the Falcon 1 lifted off.

9 minutes 31 seconds after launch, the rocket…reached orbit. Sstage separation confirmed!

The success saved SpaceX because it helped secure a $1.6 billion contract from NASA to resupply cargo to the International Space Station.

SpaceX was out of death’s reach. But Tesla was still within its grasp.

As Tesla was running out of money, Elon devised a plan to keep his company afloat: he cut 25% of the workforce and leaned on friends to cover the weekly payroll.

He managed to scrape together $20 million, including money he made investing in his cousin’s data center startup, which Dell bought the year before.

Investors agreed to match whatever he was able to get on his own.

This new round of $40 million in funding saved Tesla on Christmas Eve.

It was the last hour of the last day that it was possible” Tesla would endure many more years of pain after going public in 2010 at $17 a share.

Although the Model S wowed the world, people hesitated to buy the luxury vehicle after it came out in 2012. Elon turned his employees into salespeople whose job was to convince everyone who put down a $5,000 deposit to go through with their purchase.

When orders weren’t coming in fast enough, Tesla said it was temporarily shutting down its factory for “maintenance” and kept the real reason secret to avoid spooking investors and sending the stock plummeting.

Elon’s maneuvering worked.

In 2013, Tesla stunned Wall Street by posting its first-ever profit.

Elon’s goal had always been to build a more affordable electric car.

But Tesla simply couldn’t keep up with demand for the Model 3.

Frankly, we’re gonna be in production hell.

As the saying goes, if you’re going through hell, keep going.

Elon promised to produce 5,000 Model 3s a week initially, yet only managed a mere 800 cars a week in the first few months of 2018.

Tesla was burning cash as it tried to increase the production of its most affordable car.

Elon says Tesla was about a month from bankruptcy.

The situation was so critical that he slept in his factories to save time, and, he also said it was to suffer more than his staff.

He told Bloomberg: “Whenever they felt pain, I wanted mine to be worse.” The pain eased as Tesla found a way to claw its way out of danger once again.

Tesla managed to increase production and turned the corner as it entered 2020.

It has expanded from one factory in Fremoba nt, California, to factories worldwide.

Tesla delivered 1.3 million cars in 2022. One of them was my own.

As I drove across Canada last summer, I couldn’t help but think that one day, electric cars will be so run-of-the-mill that they’ll just be called…cars.

I did notice that supercharging stations across the country were pretty empty.

There was basically no one charging beside me.

Yet charging stations will soon be getting busier.

Many countries, including Canada, have mandated that all new cars and light-duty trucks sold be zero-emission vehicles by 2035.

Not to mention other auto companies will now be relying on Tesla’s charging network, like Ford.

Elon has stressed Tesla must make its cars fully autonomous in which there is no human intervention at all.

That’s really the difference between Tesla being worth a lot of money or being worth basically zero.

As Tesla engineers work to improve its full self-driving technology, it wants to place that technology in a robot.

100

Optimus perhaps felt like a sideshow when Tesla first unveiled it in 2021.

101

However: Those who are insightful or who listen carefully will understand that Optimus ultimately will be worth more than the car business. Worth more than FSD.

102

There’s been arguably even more skepticism over Elon’s plan to ease traffic by putting Teslas into his own tunnels.

103

We’re still years away from seeing whether the Boring Company’s tunnels will be a visionary mode of transportation or if there are too many holes in Elon’s plan - pun intended. It’s also too early to determine the potential of Neuralink, which received regulatory approval in May 2023 to test its brain implant on people.

104

Neuralink’s chip is meant to stimulate the brain and help those with spinal cord injuries control their computers and smartphones with their thoughts.

105

I think we have a chance, I emphasize a chance, of being able to allow somehow who cannot walk or use their arms to be able to walk again.

106

The long-term goal of Neuralink is to merge humans with AI.

107

A common theme runs through all his companies. The dream of freedom from Earth by going to Mars with the fully reusable Starship. Freedom from fossil fuels.

108

Freedom from traffic. Freedom from the limitations of human biology.

109

And now Twitter is fighting for freedom of speech which he felt was being suppressed under previous leadership.

110

Twitter has changed its incorporated name to X Corp, to move toward Elon’s plan of transforming Twitter into X, the “everything app”.

111

That includes making Twitter a better video experience.

112

You can now find my full videos on Twitter, plus exclusive tech insights I only share on Twitter. Catch me @Newsthink, or click the link in the description.

113

Although Elon has been building many of his companies for over a decade, their potential is only just starting to emerge.

114

Regardless of whether he succeeds or fails, he won’t give up.

115

He once said, “When something is important enough, you do it even if the odds are not in your favor.”

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 115개와 단어 2292개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 13:32입니다. 화자는 분당 약 169단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 78%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 덜 흔한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

rocket /ˈɹɑk.ɪt/ (명사) — 로켓, 로켓트. A cylindrical projectile that can be fired to a great height through combustion, (specifically) a type of firework of this form, typically exploding with light…
orbit /ˈɔɹ.bɪt/ (명사) — 궤도. An elliptical movement of an object about a celestial object or Lagrange point, especially a periodic elliptical revolution.
investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ (명사) — 투자자. A person who invests money in order to make a profit.
merge /mɝd͡ʒ/ (동사) — 합하다. To combine into a whole.
carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ (부사) — 주의하여, 조심스럽게. With care; attentively, circumspectly.
economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ (명사) — 경제학. The study of resource and wealth allocation, consumption, and distribution, of capital and investment, and of management of the factors of production.
physics /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ (명사) — 물리학, 물리. The branch of science concerned with the study of the properties and interactions of space, time, matter and energy.
divorce /dɪˈvɔːs/ (명사) — 이혼, 리혼. The legal dissolution of a marriage.
convince /kənˈvɪns/ (동사) — 납득시키다, 확신시키다. To make someone believe, or feel sure about something, especially by using logic, argument or evidence.
tunnel /ˈtʌn(ə)l/ (명사) — 터널, 땅굴. An underground or underwater passage.
affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/ (형용사) — 알맞은, 적당한. Able to be afforded; inexpensive or reasonably priced.
amateur /ˈæ.mə.t͡ʃɚ/ (명사) — 아마추어, 비직업. A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, science, or art (such as music or painting), especially one who cultivates any study, interest, taste, or…
sink /ˈsɪŋk/ (동사) — 가라앉다. To descend or submerge (or to cause to do so) into a liquid or similar substance.
stairs /ˈstɛɹz/ (명사) — 계단. A contiguous set of steps connecting two floors.
ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/ (명사) — 야망, 야심. Eager or inordinate desire for some object that confers distinction, as preferment, honor, superiority, political power, or fame; desire to distinguish one's…

영상에 나오는 구동사

give up (동사) — 항복하다. To surrender (someone or something); to inform on (someone).
get on (동사) — 타다. To board or mount (something), especially a vehicle.
put down (동사) — 내려놓다. To insult, belittle, or demean.
sleep in /ˌsliːp ˈɪn/ (동사) — 늦잠을 자다. To sleep late; to go on sleeping past one's customary or planned hour.

주의할 발음

화자는 couldn't, didn't, wasn't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 17번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: thread /ˈθɹɛd/, eighth /eɪtθ/, ninth /naɪnθ/, godfather /ˈɡɑdfɑðɚ/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/, fiction /ˈfɪkʃən/, luxury /ˈlʌk.ʃə.ɹi/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, partially /ˈpɑɹʃəli/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/, affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, regulatory /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə.t(ɔː.)ɹi/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, rocket, orbit, investor 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
조건문 if + 절, will/would + 동사 — 조건과 그 결과	if we stick with him, we will win
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	is renowned · was bought · was born
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	have ever witnessed · has said · has expanded
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	Waterloo, which is · PayPal, which was · everyone who put

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: The Journey of Elon Musk (Documentary) - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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