ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: The Journey of Elon Musk (Documentary)
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115 ประโยค
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Here we are in the SpaceX machine shop.
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When Elon Musk founded SpaceX in 2002, he only had two things going for him.
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SpaceX basically consisted of carpet and a mariachi band. That’s all of SpaceX.
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Well, he did have one more thing: an ambition that knew no bounds.
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The sky is not the limit for Elon, whose mission is to send people to Mars.
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On April 20, 2023 - humanity took one step closer to that dream.
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When the world’s largest rocket, the fully reusable Starship, attempted to go into orbit for the first time.
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Obviously, this isn’t a nominal situation.
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Although Starship failed to reach orbit, learning from failures is Elon's approach to his career building SpaceX.
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And to think he built a rocket company with just a bachelor’s degree in economics and another in physics.
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Elon, who has Canadian citizenship thanks to his mother Maye, began his undergrad studies at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, three hours east of Toronto.
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He chose Queen’s over Canada’s University of Waterloo, which is renowned for its engineering program, because, as he told Queen’s magazine, “there didn’t seem to be any girls (at Waterloo)! I didn’t want to spend my undergraduate time with a bunch of dudes.” After two years at Queen’s, he transferred to the University of Pennsylvania as he thought attending an Ivy League school might help him land a job in America.
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The land of opportunity when it comes to tech.
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Still, degrees in economics and physics weren’t enough to make him a rocket scientist.
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So, Elon taught himself by devouring these books.
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A habit he built as a boy, reading the entire Encyclopedia when he was only eight or nine years old.
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He also absorbed knowledge from the industry’s best.
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He cold-called aerospace consultant Jim Cantrell who answered while driving in his convertible with the roof down. He thought he heard Elon introduce himself as an “Internet billionaire”, as he recalled in an interview with Esquire.
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Elon wasn’t quite a billionaire then, but he did score $180 million when his financial services company X.com merged with PayPal, which was bought by eBay.
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He then sunk EVERYTHING into three projects: $100 million into SpaceX, $70 million into Tesla, and $10 million into solar energy company SolarCity, which later merged with Tesla.
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In 2001, he planned on buying a refurbished intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) from the Russians to use as a launch vehicle.
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He figured his space ambitions could start with sending some mice to Mars. When he went to Moscow to negotiate, the Russians wanted $8 million per ICBM, twice what Elon was prepared to pay.
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When he countered with $8 million for two rockets, Jim Cantrell recalled in Ashlee Vance’s biography on Elon, that the Russians reportedly “‘said something like, ‘Young boy. No”.
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Elon apparently “stormed out of the meeting.” On the flight home, he broke down the cost of building and launching a rocket on a spreadsheet.
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He realized a modest-sized rocket that could carry smaller satellites and research payloads into space could be much less than $8 million.
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So, SpaceX was born with the goal of building its own rockets.
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It is an understatement to say starting a rocket company is hard.
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But Elon found an ally in the godfather of rocket science, Tom Mueller.
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Tom worked for the large aerospace company TRW at the time, which Northrop Grumman later acquired. He spent weekends building and firing rockets in the Mojave Desert in California as part of an amateur rocket club.
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The amateur rocket scene was tight, and Tom got introduced to Elon.
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Tom designed the Merlin engine that powers SpaceX’s rockets.
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Merlin revolutionized spaceflight as it’s designed to be re-used.
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Elon understood that the only way to open up space to everyone was to drastically cut costs by building reusable rockets.
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The Falcon 9 is partially re-usable as the booster lands back on earth.
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Before the Falcon 9, there was the Falcon 1.
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The Falcon 1 attempted to reach orbit for the first time in March 2006.
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It lasted only 41 seconds in the air before crashing due to a fuel leak.
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The second attempt the following year went slightly better, but the rocket failed to reach orbit due to a chain of issues caused by an unexpected bump when the first and second stages separated.
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Third time wasn’t a charm, either, as a timing error caused the two stages to collide.
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Elon had run through all the money he had set aside for SpaceX.
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When you had that third failure in a row, did you think, "I need to pack this in"?
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Never. Why not?
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I don't ever give up. I mean, I'd have to be dead or completely incapacitated.
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He told his employees to keep going.
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The then head of talent acquisiition at SpaceX, Dolly Singh, recalled on the question-and-answer site Quora, Elon said: “...we need to pick ourselves up, and dust ourselves off, because we have a lot of work to do. Then he said, with as much fortitude and ferocity as he could muster…“"For my part, I will never give up and I mean never,” and that if we stick with him, we will win.” “I think most of us would have followed him into the gates of hell carrying suntan oil after that. It was the most impressive display of leadership that I have ever witnessed.” While Elon tried to save SpaceX, Tesla was hanging on by a thread.
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He joined Tesla in its infancy after sinking millions from his PayPal earnings and stepped into the role as the company’s board chair.
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After numerous management changes, he was left in charge as CEO in late 2008 at a time when Tesla was in serious trouble.
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The production of the first vehicle, the sporty Roadster, went wayyy over budget.
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By October 2008, Tesla had just $9 million left to fund the company.
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It was hard to convince investors to fork over millions more during the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression.
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His personal life fared no better; he was going through a divorce from his first wife, Justine, with whom he shares triplets and twins.
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Elon has said 2008 was the worst year of his life.
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With SpaceX unable to get its rocket into orbit and Tesla nearly running out of cash, it looked like one or both of his companies would die, as he painfully recalled to Ashlee Vance: "I could either pick SpaceX or Tesla or split the money I had left between them. If I split the money, maybe both of them would die. If I gave the money to just one company, the probability of it surviving was greater, but then it would mean certain death for the other company. I debated that over and over." It was like having to choose between two children.
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Perhaps his difficult childhood shaped his never-give-up mentality.
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He was bullied for years when he was growing up in Pretoria, South Africa.
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One day in eighth or ninth grade, he and his brother Kimbal were sitting on the top of a flight of stairs eating when a boy snuck up behind him, kicked him in the head, and shoved him down the stairs. Then a bunch of boys beat him until he blacked out.
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The beating damaged his nose so severely that it restricted airflow, and he later got surgery to correct his deviated septum. His life at home was no less painful.
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After his parents divorced, Elon opted to live with his father for a time.
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But he told Rolling Stone that his dad Errol “...was such a terrible human being.
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You have no idea. My dad will have a carefully thought-out plan of evil. He will plan evil.” Elon found comfort in coding, sometimes programming throughout the night.
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At age twelve, he coded a space-themed video game called Blastar. A South African magazine published the source code and gave him $500.
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The game was no marvel of computer programming, but it did hint at his underlying brilliance.
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He turned his science fiction fantasies into reality when he founded SpaceX at the age of 30.
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Despite three failed flight attempts, an investment from a venture capital firm made it possible for SpaceX to attempt a fourth flight.
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The future of SpaceX rested on that fourth launch in 2008.
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On September 28, 2008, the Falcon 1 lifted off.
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9 minutes 31 seconds after launch, the rocket…reached orbit. Sstage separation confirmed!
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The success saved SpaceX because it helped secure a $1.6 billion contract from NASA to resupply cargo to the International Space Station.
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SpaceX was out of death’s reach. But Tesla was still within its grasp.
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As Tesla was running out of money, Elon devised a plan to keep his company afloat: he cut 25% of the workforce and leaned on friends to cover the weekly payroll.
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He managed to scrape together $20 million, including money he made investing in his cousin’s data center startup, which Dell bought the year before.
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Investors agreed to match whatever he was able to get on his own.
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This new round of $40 million in funding saved Tesla on Christmas Eve.
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It was the last hour of the last day that it was possible” Tesla would endure many more years of pain after going public in 2010 at $17 a share.
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Although the Model S wowed the world, people hesitated to buy the luxury vehicle after it came out in 2012. Elon turned his employees into salespeople whose job was to convince everyone who put down a $5,000 deposit to go through with their purchase.
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When orders weren’t coming in fast enough, Tesla said it was temporarily shutting down its factory for “maintenance” and kept the real reason secret to avoid spooking investors and sending the stock plummeting.
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Elon’s maneuvering worked.
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In 2013, Tesla stunned Wall Street by posting its first-ever profit.
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Elon’s goal had always been to build a more affordable electric car.
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But Tesla simply couldn’t keep up with demand for the Model 3.
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Frankly, we’re gonna be in production hell.
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As the saying goes, if you’re going through hell, keep going.
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Elon promised to produce 5,000 Model 3s a week initially, yet only managed a mere 800 cars a week in the first few months of 2018.
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Tesla was burning cash as it tried to increase the production of its most affordable car.
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Elon says Tesla was about a month from bankruptcy.
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The situation was so critical that he slept in his factories to save time, and, he also said it was to suffer more than his staff.
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He told Bloomberg: “Whenever they felt pain, I wanted mine to be worse.” The pain eased as Tesla found a way to claw its way out of danger once again.
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Tesla managed to increase production and turned the corner as it entered 2020.
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It has expanded from one factory in Fremoba nt, California, to factories worldwide.
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Tesla delivered 1.3 million cars in 2022. One of them was my own.
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As I drove across Canada last summer, I couldn’t help but think that one day, electric cars will be so run-of-the-mill that they’ll just be called…cars.
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I did notice that supercharging stations across the country were pretty empty.
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There was basically no one charging beside me.
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Yet charging stations will soon be getting busier.
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Many countries, including Canada, have mandated that all new cars and light-duty trucks sold be zero-emission vehicles by 2035.
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Not to mention other auto companies will now be relying on Tesla’s charging network, like Ford.
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Elon has stressed Tesla must make its cars fully autonomous in which there is no human intervention at all.
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That’s really the difference between Tesla being worth a lot of money or being worth basically zero.
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As Tesla engineers work to improve its full self-driving technology, it wants to place that technology in a robot.
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Optimus perhaps felt like a sideshow when Tesla first unveiled it in 2021.
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However: Those who are insightful or who listen carefully will understand that Optimus ultimately will be worth more than the car business. Worth more than FSD.
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There’s been arguably even more skepticism over Elon’s plan to ease traffic by putting Teslas into his own tunnels.
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We’re still years away from seeing whether the Boring Company’s tunnels will be a visionary mode of transportation or if there are too many holes in Elon’s plan - pun intended. It’s also too early to determine the potential of Neuralink, which received regulatory approval in May 2023 to test its brain implant on people.
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Neuralink’s chip is meant to stimulate the brain and help those with spinal cord injuries control their computers and smartphones with their thoughts.
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I think we have a chance, I emphasize a chance, of being able to allow somehow who cannot walk or use their arms to be able to walk again.
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The long-term goal of Neuralink is to merge humans with AI.
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A common theme runs through all his companies. The dream of freedom from Earth by going to Mars with the fully reusable Starship. Freedom from fossil fuels.
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Freedom from traffic. Freedom from the limitations of human biology.
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And now Twitter is fighting for freedom of speech which he felt was being suppressed under previous leadership.
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Twitter has changed its incorporated name to X Corp, to move toward Elon’s plan of transforming Twitter into X, the “everything app”.
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That includes making Twitter a better video experience.
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You can now find my full videos on Twitter, plus exclusive tech insights I only share on Twitter. Catch me @Newsthink, or click the link in the description.
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Although Elon has been building many of his companies for over a decade, their potential is only just starting to emerge.
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Regardless of whether he succeeds or fails, he won’t give up.
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He once said, “When something is important enough, you do it even if the odds are not in your favor.”
ดาวน์โหลดแอป
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คำศัพท์สร้างคลังคำของคุณ
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
วิดีโอนี้มี 115 ประโยค และ 2292 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 13:32 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 169 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน มีเพียง 78% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่พบไม่บ่อย 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
- rocket /ˈɹɑk.ɪt/ (คำนาม) — จรวด. A cylindrical projectile that can be fired to a great height through combustion, (specifically) a type of firework of this form, typically exploding with light…
- orbit /ˈɔɹ.bɪt/ (คำนาม) — วงโคจร. An elliptical movement of an object about a celestial object or Lagrange point, especially a periodic elliptical revolution.
- investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ (คำนาม) — ผู้ลงทุน. A person who invests money in order to make a profit.
- economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ (คำนาม) — เศรษฐศาสตร์. The study of resource and wealth allocation, consumption, and distribution, of capital and investment, and of management of the factors of production.
- physics /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ (คำนาม) — ฟิสิกส์. The branch of science concerned with the study of the properties and interactions of space, time, matter and energy.
- divorce /dɪˈvɔːs/ (คำนาม) — การหย่าร้าง, การหย่า. The legal dissolution of a marriage.
- tunnel /ˈtʌn(ə)l/ (คำนาม) — อุโมงค์. An underground or underwater passage.
- amateur /ˈæ.mə.t͡ʃɚ/ (คำนาม) — มือสมัครเล่น. A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, science, or art (such as music or painting), especially one who cultivates any study, interest, taste, or…
- sink /ˈsɪŋk/ (คำกริยา) — จม. To descend or submerge (or to cause to do so) into a liquid or similar substance.
- stairs /ˈstɛɹz/ (คำนาม) — บันได. A contiguous set of steps connecting two floors.
- billionaire /ˌbɪl.jəˈnɛɚ/ (คำนาม) — มหาเศรษฐี, กุฎุมพี. Somebody whose wealth is at least one billion (10⁹) currency units (usually understood to exclude holders of hyperinflated currencies).
- gate /ˈɡeɪ̯t/ (คำนาม) — ประตู. A doorlike structure outside a house.
- suffer /ˈsʌfɚ/ (คำกริยา) — ตรำ. To undergo hardship.
- thread /ˈθɹɛd/ (คำนาม) — ด้าย, เชือก. A cord formed by spinning or twisting together textile fibers or filaments into one or more continuous strands, typically used in needlework.
- dust /dʌst/ (คำนาม) — ฝุ่น, ผง. Fine, dry particles of matter found in the air and covering the surface of objects, typically consisting of soil lifted up by the wind, pollen, hair, fiber…
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
- give up (คำกริยา) — ยอมแพ้. To surrender (someone or something); to inform on (someone).
- hang on /ˌhæŋ ˈɒn/ (คำกริยา) — รอสักครู่, สักครู่. To wait a moment.
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 17 ครั้ง เช่น couldn't, didn't, wasn't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: thread /ˈθɹɛd/, eighth /eɪtθ/, ninth /naɪnθ/, godfather /ˈɡɑdfɑðɚ/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/, fiction /ˈfɪkʃən/, luxury /ˈlʌk.ʃə.ɹi/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, partially /ˈpɑɹʃəli/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/, affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, intervention /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/, regulatory /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə.t(ɔː.)ɹi/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง rocket, orbit, investor เป็นพิเศษ
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| ประโยคเงื่อนไข if + อนุประโยค, will/would + กริยา — เงื่อนไขและผลลัพธ์ | if we stick with him, we will win |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | is renowned · was bought · was born |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have ever witnessed · has said · has expanded |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | Waterloo, which is · PayPal, which was · everyone who put |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ