Shadowing Practice: Array Map in 100 Seconds - Learn English Speaking with Video
Les maken...
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ArrayMap.
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Create a new array by calling a function on every element in a different array.
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Imagine we have an array of squares.
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We can call a function on every single one of those
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squares using map to convert it to a new array of circles.
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In other words, it's just a loop, where the goal of that loop is to create a new array.
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In our code, let's start with an array of objects that contain some user data.
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Our goal is to take this array of objects
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and convert it to an array of strings that only contain the user names.
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You could do this imperatively by creating a new empty array, then use a for loop to push each individual username to the new array.
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Notice how we're using statements to change the app's state.
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This is known as imperative programming.
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Map on the other hand is declarative and describes how to create this new array using a function.
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The new array is equal to the original array mapped to a function.
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The function is passed as an argument to map, and it's called on every element in the original array.
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The function has access to the current element in the loop as well as its index.
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In the body of the function, your job is to compute a new value and then return it.
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And we've now solved the same problem we did with the for loop, but with less code and without mutating the internal state.
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If you're a ReactJS user, you'll often see Map used to take some initial data and then map it to JSX for the actual UI.
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Or maybe you need these usernames to do something asynchronously like fetch additional data from the database.
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You could do that by mapping them all to an array of promises, then running them concurrently with promise.all.
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One anti-pattern to be aware of with map is
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that you should only use it if you plan on using the new array.
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If you just need to run a loop, consider for each, or a regular for loop instead.
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This has been ArrayMap in 100 seconds, thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze video bevat 25 zinnen en 372 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 1:39. De spreker praat snel, ongeveer 227 woorden per minuut, dus reken op verbonden en ingeslikte klanken. Slechts 81% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
10 minder gangbare woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
- loop /luːp/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — lus, strop. A length of thread, line or rope that is doubled over to make an opening.
- element /ˈɛləmənt/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — element. One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based.
- username (zelfstandig naamwoord) — gebruikersnaam. A name or string of characters used as a person's identification on an individual computer system.
- solve /sɒlv/ (werkwoord) — oplossen. To find an answer or solution to a problem or question; to work out.
- string /stɹɪŋ/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — draad, koord. A long, thin and flexible structure made from threads twisted together.
- database /ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — database, databank. A collection of (usually) organized information in a regular structure, usually but not necessarily in a machine-readable format accessible by a computer.
- imperative /ɪmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/ (bijvoeglijk naamwoord) — noodzakelijk. Essential; crucial; extremely important.
- fetch /fɛt͡ʃ/ (werkwoord) — halen. To retrieve; to bear towards; to go and get.
- compute /kəmˈpjuːt/ (werkwoord) — uitrekenen, berekenen. To reckon, calculate.
- mutate /ˈmju.teɪt/ (werkwoord) — muteren. To undergo mutation.
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 4 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals we're, we've, you'll. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: imperative /ɪmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/, declarative /dɪˈklæɹ.ə.tɪv/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als loop, element, username.
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | we've now solved · has been |
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | is known · is passed |
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.