Shadowing Practice: Everything You Didn't Know About Fluorescent Animals - Learn English Speaking with Video
Les maken...
1
Inside this box is...
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The skull of a rat.
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If I place this rat skull underneath a UV blacklight, nothing will happen.
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But I have another skull, and something different will happen with this one.
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This is a squirrel skull.
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And if I place this skull under a UV black light, something very unusual happens.
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Ultraviolet light hits the squirrel skull and is absorbed by special compounds called porphyrins.
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After absorbing the UV light, the porphyrins gain a ton of energy, which they release as a different kind of light.
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Notice how the released light has a longer wavelength than the UV light.
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That means instead of being invisible UV light, it's visible light.
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That's pink.
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Here's what the rat skull looks like.
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This is what most bones look like under a a UV light.
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But here's what a squirrel skull looks like.
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It's pink.
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When things do this, we say they're fluorescent.
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Squirrels are fluorescent pink under UV lights.
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Well, just their insides, actually.
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But there are many other fluorescent animals that glow on the outside.
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To find our next fluorescent animal will take a trip to the desert.
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Ah, what a nice view.
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What was that?
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Over there.
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A scorpion.
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Now, if we place a scorpion under a UV blacklight, Just like the squirrel, something unusual happens.
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Ultraviolet light hits the scorpion's exoskeleton, is absorbed, then released back into the world at a different wavelength that we can see.
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This is just like the squirrel skulls, but there's one big difference.
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Notice how the light released by the scorpion has a shorter wavelength than the light released by the squirrel.
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Well that means instead of glowing pink like a squirrel skull the scorpion will glow a different color.
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It's green.
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There aren't any scorpions that live around me but I bet we can still find some fluorescent animals outside using this.
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This is a special flashlight.
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Take a look at the top.
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You see those bulbs?
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Those are a bunch of UV light bulbs.
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This is a UV flashlight.
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So let's go outside and search for some fluorescent animals.
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It's nighttime.
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Let's search in this forest.
40
You never know what you'll find out here at night.
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So I found a few very fluorescent animals.
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We'll start with this one.
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This is a caterpillar.
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But what kind?
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Notice the white slashes on the caterpillar's side.
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They kind of go right up to the caterpillar's spiracles, those holes that they breathe out of.
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Then, look here on the end.
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There's a long extension on the caterpillar's backside Like a horn, almost If you come across a caterpillar with white slashes And a long horn on its rear end It's likely
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A tobacco hornworm caterpillar These can eat up your tomato plants throughout the summer But this was the star of the walk.
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No other plant glowed like this in the entire forest.
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So what plant is it?
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Alright, I got it.
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So notice how the leaf is shaped like a heart.
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All of the veins start at one point, and the surface of the leaf is kind of shiny and waxy.
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This is a vine called Smilax.
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But there's something strange about this fluorescence.
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Can you tell what it is?
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Squirrel skulls, scorpions, hornworms, they fluoresce everywhere.
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But Smilax only fluoresces in some places.
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Let's take a closer look.
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Do you notice how the most fluorescent parts of the leaf are the veins?
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Smilax doesn't have fluorescent compounds all over its entire surface, like a scorpion.
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Instead, its fluorescent compounds are concentrated in its veins.
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And that's why it looks like a Jackson Pollock painting.
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All of these organisms are naturally fluorescent.
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But scientists have created fluorescent animals too.
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To find out how, we'll take a trip into the ocean.
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This is a crystal jellyfish.
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Inside these jellyfish are a bunch of special proteins that fluoresce.
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of like porphyrins on squirrels.
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So under a UV light, crystal jellyfish naturally glow green.
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In the 1990s, scientists looked at the crystal jelly's DNA and found the specific sequence that made those special glowing proteins.
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Then they cut it out and added it into the DNA of...
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a zebrafish.
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Normal zebrafish look like this under a UV light.
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But the new fish that they created with a tiny bit of jellyfish DNA looked like this.
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It glowed green.
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The scientists had created a brand new fluorescent green fish.
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Naturally, they were very excited, so they did the same thing with fluorescent coral and sea anemones.
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They sliced out pieces of of their DNA and put them into fish.
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So the fish fluoresced too.
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And that's how they created fluorescent fish that look like this.
94
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “Everything You Didn't Know About Fluorescent Animals”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: fluorescent, skull, squirrel, scorpion, Cyberghost. Deze video bevat 96 zinnen en 995 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 9:54. De spreker praat langzaam, ongeveer 101 woorden per minuut, zodat je tijd hebt om elke klank na te doen. Slechts 76% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| squirrel zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈskwɪ.ɹ(ə)l/ | eekhoorn |
| scorpion zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈskɔɹ.pi.ən/ | schorpioen |
| jellyfish zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈd͡ʒɛliˌfɪʃ/ | kwal |
| caterpillar zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkætɚˌpɪlɚ/ | rups |
| wavelength zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈweɪvˌlɛŋ(k)θ/ | golflengte |
| vein zelfstandig naamwoord | /veɪn/ | ader |
| absorb werkwoord | /æbˈsɔɹb/ | absorberen, (in zich) opnemen |
| flashlight zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈflæʃˌlaɪt/ | zaklamp, zaklantaarn |
| ultraviolet bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌʌltɹəˈvaɪələt/ | ultraviolet |
| bulb zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈbʌlb/ | bloembol |
| skull zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈskʌl/ | schedel, doodshoofd |
| anemone zelfstandig naamwoord | /əˈnɛməni/ | anemoon |
| organism zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ | organisme |
| browse werkwoord | /bɹaʊz/ | doorbladeren |
| restrict werkwoord | /ɹɪˈstɹɪkt/ | beperken, begrenzen |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| find out werkwoord | ontdekken, onderzoeken |
| come across werkwoord | overkomen |
Zinnen om te herhalen
Korte, volledige zinnen uit de video die je in alledaagse gesprekken kunt gebruiken:
- When things do this, we say they're fluorescent.
- You see those bulbs?
- Let's search in this forest.
- If you're interested, give it a try.
- Can you tell what it is?
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 8 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals we'll, aren't, doesn't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De “th”-klanken: wavelength /ˈweɪvˌlɛŋ(k)θ/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: jellyfish /ˈd͡ʒɛliˌfɪʃ/, flashlight /ˈflæʃˌlaɪt/, zebrafish /ˈziːbɹəˌfɪʃ/, subscription /səbˈskɹɪpʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: caterpillar /ˈkætɚˌpɪlɚ/, ultraviolet /ˌʌltɹəˈvaɪələt/, anemone /əˈnɛməni/, organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, bulb /ˈbʌlb/, backside /ˈbækˌsaɪd/, browse /bɹaʊz/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: caterpillar /ˈkætɚˌpɪlɚ/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, flashlight /ˈflæʃˌlaɪt/, backside /ˈbækˌsaɪd/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: glow /ɡloʊ/, organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als squirrel, scorpion, jellyfish.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.